ʻO ke kahua mana hydroelectric ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau loa o ka repubalika

I koʻu manaʻo, he mea hoʻowalewale loa nā kikowaena mana wai, ʻoiai ʻo ko lākou nui e paʻakikī ai ke pakele i ka ʻike ʻana o ka poʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ma ka Greater Khingan palena ʻole a me nā ululāʻau momona, he mea paʻakikī ke noʻonoʻo pehea e hūnā ʻia ai kahi kikowaena mana wai me ka manaʻo pohihihi i loko o ka ululāʻau hihiu. Malia paha ma muli o kona wahi kū hoʻokahi a hūnā ʻia, ua ʻike ʻia kēia "kikowaena mana wai ʻākau loa ma Kina" no ka manawa lōʻihi e like me kahi moʻolelo.
Ma ke alanui 100km mai Huma County a i ka hema, ʻaʻohe mea i ʻoi aku ka maʻamau ma mua o ke ʻano o ka nahele mauna ma ka ʻāina ʻo Greater Khingan. Hoʻololi ke kau i ke gula i ka hāʻule, akā ʻaʻohe hōʻailona o nā kikowaena hydropower ma ke alanui. I ko mākou hōʻea ʻana i ke Kauhale ʻo Kuanhe, me ke alakaʻi ʻana, ua loaʻa iā mākou ka "hōʻailona" o ke kahua hydropower i ʻike ʻole ʻia.
ʻOiai he niche, ʻo ke kahua mana hydroelectric ma ka ʻākau loa o Kina, ʻoiai ua hūnā ʻia i loko o nā mahina ʻai momona o Xing'an ma muli o kona wahi ma Taoyuan Peak, ua lilo ia i mea kaulana i ka wā ma mua ma muli o kona mamao a me ka mālie.
Inā pono nā mea āpau i ka manawa kūpono a me ka wahi, a laila ua hoʻohana mua ke kahua mana wai ʻo Taoyuanfeng i nā pono o ka wahi. Me ke kōkua o nā mauna kiʻekiʻe mau o ka mauna ʻo Wuhua a me ke kahe wai nui a wikiwiki hoʻi o ka muliwai kaulana ʻo Heilongjiang, ʻo ia ka muliwai ʻo Kuanhe, ʻaʻole ia ma mua o 10 kilomita ka mamao mai ka muliwai palena ma waena o Kina a me Rusia, ʻo Heilongjiang, a kokoke nō hoʻi i ka ʻāpana haiki loa o ke kai kūʻono nui loa o ka honua, ʻo "Dulikou", he 20 kilomita ka mamao. Ua hūnā ʻia ke kahua mana wai ʻike ʻole ʻia ma nā mauna akā hoʻohana i nā pono kūlohelohe āpau o ka ʻāina a puni.

Ma ke ʻano he "ʻuhane" o nā kikowaena hydropower, hāʻawi ka Muliwai ʻo Kuanhe i ka mana koʻikoʻi loa e hoʻoulu ai i ka uila ma o ka hōʻaiʻē ʻana i ka wai. Ma ke ʻano he kahawai nui o Heilongjiang, puka mai ka Muliwai ʻo Kuan mai kahi mauna kiʻekiʻe he 624.8 mika ma nā mauna palena muliwai o Huma County. Kahe ka wai ma waena o ka ʻākau o Huma County a me Sanka Township, a kahe i Heilongjiang ma kahi mamao o hoʻokahi kilomita ma ka ʻākau o Sanka Township. He nui nā kahawai o ka Muliwai ʻo Kuanhe ponoʻī, mai 5 mika a 26 mika ka laulā, ma muli o ke kahe wikiwiki o ka wai - he awelika o 13.1 mika cubic i kekona - kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi koi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi kikowaena hydropower.
Ua kūkulu ʻia kahi hale nānā kūikawā ma luna o ka mauna ʻo Wuhua, kahi i loaʻa ai ke kahua hydropower, e nānā ana i ka laulā nui o ka waihona wai holoʻokoʻa.
I ka makahiki 1991, ʻo ka mea mua o kēia kahua hoʻoheheʻe wai ʻo Taoyuanfeng i pohihihi iki ʻia he inoa hou loa - ʻo Tuanjie Hydropower Station ma Huma County. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kahua hoʻoheheʻe wai, ʻo ka manaʻo e kālele ana i ka hana mana, me ka noʻonoʻo pū ʻana i ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i ka kaohi ʻana i ke kahe, ka mahiʻai iʻa, a me nā papahana mālama wai nui a me nā kikowaena hoʻoheheʻe wai.
ʻO ka ʻāpana kīʻaha hoʻomalu o ka waihona wai he 1062 kilomita kuea, me ka huina o ka hiki ke mālama i ka wai he 145 miliona mika cubic. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka piko o ka pā nui he 229.20 mika, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paia nalu he 230.40 mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka piko o ka pā nui he 266 mika, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka piko o ka pā kōkua he 370 mika, a ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o ke kahua mana he 3 X 3500 kilowatts. ʻO ke kūlana waikahe hoʻolālā ʻenekinia hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia 200 mau makahiki.
Eia nō naʻe, mai ka hoʻomaka kūhelu ʻana o ke kūkulu ʻana ma Dekemaba 18, 1992, ma muli o nā pilikia kālā, ua nui nā piʻi a me nā iho i ke kaʻina hana kūkulu. ʻO ka hope loa, ma Iulai 18, 2002, ma hope o nā makahiki he ʻumi, ua holomua ka hana hoʻāʻo a me ka hana mana, e hoʻopiha ana i ka hakahaka o ka hana ʻole ʻana i ka hydropower ma ka ʻākau o Kina. A hiki i kēia manawa, ua "noho aliʻi" kēia kahua hydropower ʻākau loa i hūnā ʻia ma ka momona ʻo Greater Khingan ma ka ʻākau loa o Kina.
Me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi alanui sima pālahalaha i kēia manawa, ua maʻalahi nā kapuaʻi i ka hiki ʻana i ka hapalua o ka mauna. ʻO ke kahua kiʻekiʻe o ka pā, i hūnā ʻia e nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, ua hāpai hope loa i ka pale o ka ululāʻau nui a kū i waho i mua o lākou. I kona nānā ʻana a puni, kū koke ʻo ia ma luna o ka pā a huli aʻe. Ua hūnā ʻia kahi hale hana ma waena o nā lāʻau ma ka honua, me he mea lā ma kahi haʻahaʻa akā ua kūlike me ke kahawai o ka pā. Mai nā hale kākoʻo i koe, hiki i kekahi ke noʻonoʻo i ka nui o kēia wahi.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ke kokoke ʻana i ka pā wai e like me ke "kahawai kiʻekiʻe e puka ana mai Pinghu" o nā Kahawai ʻEkolu, he mea paʻakikī ke hūnā i kona hiʻohiʻona nani o nā "mauna kiʻekiʻe e puka ana mai Pinghu". Ua uhi ʻia ka mauna ʻo Wuhua a puni i nā papa o ka nahele ma lalo o ka makani hāʻule e puhi ana iā Buddha, e hoʻololi ana i ka pae mauna i nā kala like ʻole. Hāʻule kēia mau poloka kala kala i ka ʻike a ua kaʻana like ʻia me ka ʻili wai ākea o ka pā wai, e ʻae ana i kēia mau hiʻohiʻona hāʻule kala e hōʻike ʻia ma ka ʻili wai, e hana ana i kahi pelu maka o ke ʻano, e hohola ana i kahi kiʻi ʻili wai kūpono.
Ua kālai nā mea kūkulu hale mua i nā mauna a me nā alanui, e hana ana i kahi loko alpine kūpono me ka Mauna Pua ʻElima a me ka pā. ʻOiai he hana ia, ua like maoli nō ia me kahi mea i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano maoli. Ma kahi kokoke i ka mauna e kokoke ana i ka pā, hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā koena o ka ʻeli ʻana, a aia nō hoʻi i ka loko ma mua he kai kūʻono nui o ka wai mālie e "moe mālie" nei ma aneʻi ma muli o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai muliwai ākea i hāʻawi ʻia e ke ʻano.
ʻAʻole wale ia he laumania a ʻaʻohe mea keakea, akā ma lalo o kēia ʻilikai wai maopopo, he nui nā iʻa waihona wai e ʻauʻau manuahi ana. Ma ke ʻano he "hoa maikaʻi loa" no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai, ʻaʻole hiki i nā iʻa waihona wai i loko o ka waihona wai ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe wale i ke kumu wai, akā hāʻawi pū i nā kamaʻāina me ka ʻiʻo iʻa hou ʻono loa. Ma kahi ʻanuʻu pōhaku haiki ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pā, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi unahi e ana ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pae wai mai luna a lalo, kahi i lilo mua i "ala hana i hoʻolaʻa ʻia" no ka ʻike ʻana i ka pae wai. I kēia manawa, ua lilo ia i ala pōkole no nā kamaʻāina e iho i lalo i ka hau o ka waihona wai i ka hoʻoilo. Ma ka ʻeli ʻana i nā lua hau ma luna o ka hau, hiki i nā iʻa me nā poʻo e kūlou ana ke nahu i ka makau, e lilo ia i "nahu ʻono" kakaikahi i ka hoʻoilo.
I koʻu hele wāwae ʻana ma ke kahawai o ka pā wai, hana ka pā wai i kahi piʻo nani no ka loko a me kona hiʻohiʻona. ʻAʻole ʻālohilohi a ʻālohilohi hou ka lā mahana o ka hāʻule e like me ke kauwela, e hoʻolele ana i kahi melemele ʻalani mahana ma luna o ka loko. Ma lalo o ka makani mālie, hana nā ʻale ʻalani palupalu i nā ʻale pāpaʻu. ʻOiai wau e mahalo ana i ka ʻili wai e neʻe iki ana, ua ʻike hewa wau i kahi hale nānā kūikawā ma ke alo o ka mauna ʻo Wuhua, kahi i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kahi o ka piko o ka mauna me ka hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi loa.
I ka hapalua o ke kuahiwi, ua wehe ʻia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe e hoʻomau i ka mākaʻikaʻi mauna. Ma muli o nā ululāʻau kauwela momona, ua uhi ʻia ka hale lole ʻulaʻula, ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia ma mua, i loko o ka ululāʻau nui a paʻakikī ke loaʻa. Me ke alakaʻi ʻana a nā kamaʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia kahi "hōʻailona huna" - ma ka ululāʻau mauna kahi a mākou e ʻimi nei i ko mākou ala, aia kahi māla kulina nui ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ke alanui lepo e neʻe ana, E hahai i nā māla kulina a loaʻa kahi ala maʻalahi i hoʻomoe ʻia me nā piliki ʻulaʻula huna loa, e alakaʻi ana i kēia hale lole ʻulaʻula pohihihi ma luna o ka mauna.
E komo koke i loko o ka hale lole, a i ka manawa koke, ua ʻike ʻia ka uahi nani a me ka laulā o ka waihona wai, i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā mahina ʻai momona pau ʻole a me nā ululāʻau mānoanoa. I ka piʻi ʻana i ke alapiʻi lāʻau i ka papahele ʻelua o ka hale lole, ua ʻoi aku ka ākea o ka nānā ʻana. Ke kau nei ka lā o ka hāʻule ma luna o ka wai, e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano uliuli like ʻole. He mālie a ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha, a ua hele pū ʻia me nā mauna a me nā ululāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. He paʻakikī ke hopu piha i ka hanohano a me ka hanohano o ka ʻili o ka loko i ka manawa koke.
I ka manawa koke, ua ʻike ʻia kahi kukui kālā i loko o ka wai ma lalo o ka lā e napoʻo ana, a ua ʻōlelo nā kamaʻāina ua ʻākoakoa pū nā iʻa i ka lā mahana, e lele ikaika ana i waho o ka wai. Ua ʻālohilohi ka kukui kālā me ka ʻālohilohi o nā unahi iʻa, a i loko o ka mālie, ʻo ke kani mālie wale nō o ka makani o ka hāʻule e pā ana ma waena o nā lāʻau ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua i lohe ʻia.