I ke kua o ka hoʻoikaika honua no nā hoʻonā ikehu hoʻomau, ua hōʻike ʻo Uzbekistan i ka hiki nui loa i ka ʻāpana ikehu hou, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hydropower, mahalo i kāna mau waiwai wai he nui.
He nui nā waiwai wai o ʻUzbekistan, e pili ana i nā glaciers, nā muliwai, nā loko, nā waihona wai, nā muliwai transboundary, a me ka wai honua. Wahi a nā helu pololei a nā loea kūloko, hiki i ka mana hydropower theoretical o nā muliwai o ka ʻāina i 88.5 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka mana hiki ke hana ʻia he 27.4 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka mana hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ma mua o 8 miliona kW. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, kū ka Muliwai ʻo Pskem ma ka Panalāʻau ʻo Tashkent ma ke ʻano he "waiwai hydropower," me ka mana hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia he 1.324 miliona kW, e helu ana i 45.3% o nā kumuwaiwai hydropower i loaʻa o ʻUzbekistan. Eia kekahi, aia nā muliwai e like me To'polondaryo, Chatqol, a me Sangardak i kahi mana hoʻomohala hydropower koʻikoʻi.
He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mana wai o Uzbekistan. Mai ka lā 1 o Mei, 1926, ua hoʻomaka ke kahua mana wai mua o ka ʻāina, ʻo Bo'zsuv GES - 1, me ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia he 4,000 kW. ʻO ka hale hana mana wai nui loa ma ka ʻāina, ʻo Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, i hoʻomaka mālie ma waena o 1970 a me 1972. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kona mana i hoʻokomo ʻia mai 620,500 kW a i 666,000 kW ma hope o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana. I ka hopena o 2023, ua hōʻea ka nui o ka mana wai i hoʻokomo ʻia o Uzbekistan i 2.415 miliona kW, e helu ana ma kahi o 30% o kona mana hiki ke hana ʻia. I ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka nui o ka hana uila o Uzbekistan he 74.3 biliona kWh, me ka ikehu hou e hāʻawi ana i 6.94 biliona kWh. No kēia, ua hana ka mana wai i 6.5 biliona kWh, e helu ana i 8.75% o ka nui o ka hana uila a me ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka hana ikehu hou me ka 93.66% mahele. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ke kūpono o ka ʻāina no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana hydropower he 27.4 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, he 23% wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia, e hōʻike ana i nā manawa kūpono nui e ulu ai ma ia ʻāpana.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomau ikaika ʻo Uzbekistan i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hydropower, e hoʻomaka ana i nā papahana he nui. I Pepeluali 2023, ua kau inoa ʻo Uzbekhydroergo i kahi memorandum of understanding (MOU) me Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry no ka hana ʻana i nā lako hydropower liʻiliʻi. I Iune o ia makahiki hoʻokahi, ua loaʻa kahi ʻaelike me China Southern Power Grid International e hoʻomohala i ʻekolu mau hale hana hydropower. Eia kekahi, i Iulai 2023, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Uzbek Hydrogenergo i kahi tender no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelima mau hale hana hydropower hou me ka huina o 46.6 MW, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopuka i 179 miliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ke kumukūʻai o $106.9 miliona. I Iune 2023, ua hoʻomaka pū ʻo Uzbekistan lāua ʻo Tajikistan i kahi papahana e kūkulu i ʻelua mau hale hana hydropower ma ka muliwai ʻo Zeravshan. ʻO ka pae mua e pili ana i ka 140 MW Yavan Hydropower Plant, e koi ana i kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā o $282 miliona a ua manaʻo ʻia e hoʻopuka i 700-800 miliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Ua hoʻolālā ʻia kahi hale hana 135 MW ma ka muliwai ʻo Fandarya, me kahi hoʻopukapuka kālā i manaʻo ʻia he $270 miliona a me ka mana hana makahiki o 500-600 miliona kWh. I Iune 2024, ua hōʻike ʻo Uzbekistan i kāna hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hydropower, e kuhikuhi ana i kahi mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o 6 GW ma ka makahiki 2030. ʻO kēia hana nui e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale hana hou a me nā hana hoʻomaikaʻi, e kūlike ana me ka hoʻolālā ikehu hou ākea o ka ʻāina e hoʻonui i ka mahele o ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i 40% o ka huina o ka mana ma ka makahiki 2030.
No ka hoʻolaha hou ʻana i ka ʻāpana hydropower, ua hoʻokō ke aupuni Uzbek i nā kulekele kākoʻo a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hydropower ma ke kānāwai a hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia e like me ka holomua o ka ʻenehana a me nā ʻano honua. No ka laʻana, ua ʻāpono ke Kuhina o nā Kuhina i ka "2016–2020 Hydropower Development Plan" i Nowemapa 2015, e wehewehe ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻeiwa mau kikowaena hydropower hou. I ka holomua ʻana o ka hoʻolālā "Uzbekistan-2030", manaʻo ʻia ke aupuni e hoʻolauna i nā kulekele a me nā kānāwai hou e huki i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā haole i ka hydropower a me nā ʻāpana ikehu hou. Ua kūkulu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kikowaena hydropower o Uzbekistan i ka wā Soviet me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kūlana Soviet. Eia nō naʻe, ke hoʻohana nei ka ʻāina i nā kūlana honua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻāpana. Ke kāhea pololei nei nā ʻōlelo hoʻoholo pelekikena hou no ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā kūlana kūkulu honua, e hana ana i nā manawa hana like hou no nā ʻoihana honua, me nā ʻoihana Kina, e hāʻawi i ko lākou ʻike a hoʻokumu i kā lākou ʻenehana ma Uzbekistan.
Mai kahi kuanaʻike laulima, loaʻa iā Kina a me ʻUzbekistan ka hiki ke laulima ma ka ʻāpana hydropower. Me ka holomua o ka Belt and Road Initiative, ua hōʻea nā ʻāina ʻelua i ka ʻaelike ākea ma ka laulima ikehu. ʻO ka hoʻomaka holomua ʻana o ka papahana kaʻaahi Kina-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan e hoʻoikaika hou aku i ko lākou kahua no ka laulima hydropower. Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana Kina ka ʻike nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hydropower, ka hana ʻana i nā lako, a me ka hana hou ʻenehana, me nā ʻenehana holomua a me nā hiki kālā ikaika. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo ʻUzbekistan i nā kumuwaiwai hydropower he nui, kahi kūlana kulekele maikaʻi, a me kahi koi nui o ka mākeke, e hana ana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka laulima. Hiki i nā lāhui ʻelua ke komo i ka laulima hohonu ma nā wahi like ʻole, me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hale hana hydropower, ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā lako, ka hoʻoili ʻenehana, a me ke aʻo ʻana i ka poʻe hana, e hānai ana i nā pono like a me ka ulu like ʻana.
I ka nānā ʻana i mua, ua mākaukau ka ʻoihana hydropower o Uzbekistan no kahi wā e hiki mai ana. Me ka hoʻokō ʻana o nā papahana koʻikoʻi, e hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia, e hoʻokō ana i nā pono ikehu kūloko a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā manawa kūpono no ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ka uila a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā pono waiwai nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāpana hydropower e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana ma nā ʻoihana pili, e hoʻoulu i nā manawa hana, a hoʻokele i ka pōmaikaʻi waiwai kūloko. Ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu maʻemaʻe a hou hou, e kōkua ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hydropower nui iā Uzbekistan e hōʻemi i kona hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie fossil, e hoʻemi i nā hoʻokuʻu kalapona, a hāʻawi maikaʻi i nā hana hoʻēmi i ka loli o ke aniau honua.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-12-2025
