E kūʻē i ke kua o ka hoʻoikaika honua no nā ʻōnaehana ikehu hoʻomau, ua hōʻike ʻo Uzbekistan i ka mana nui i ka ʻoihana ikehu hou, ʻoi aku ka hydropower, mahalo i kāna waiwai wai.
He nui nā kumu wai o Uzbekistan, e hoʻopuni ana i nā glaciers, nā muliwai, nā loko, nā loko, nā kahawai ma waena o nā palena, a me ka wai honua. Wahi a nā helu kikoʻī e ka poʻe loea kūloko, hiki i ka theoretical hydropower o nā kahawai o ka ʻāina i ka 88,5 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo ka hiki ke hiki i ka ʻenehana he 27,4 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me kahi hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma mua o 8 miliona kW. Ma waena o kēia mau mea, ʻo ka muliwai Pskem ma Tashkent Province ke kū nei ma ke ʻano he "waiwai wai wai," me ka mana hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o 1.324 miliona kW, ʻo ia ka 45.3% o nā kumuwaiwai hydropower i loaʻa ma Uzbekistan. Eia kekahi, ʻo nā muliwai e like me To'polondaryo, Chatqol, a me Sangardak kekahi e paʻa i ka mana nui o ka hoʻomohala wai.
He mōʻaukala lōʻihi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hydropower o Uzbekistan. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei 1, 1926, ʻo Bo'zsuv GES – 1, ka hale hoʻokele wai wai mua o ka ʻāina, i hoʻomaka i nā hana me ka mana hoʻokomo o 4,000 kW. ʻO ka mea kanu wai wai nui loa ma ka ʻāina, ʻo ka Chorvoq Hydropower Plant, ua hele mālie ma ka pūnaewele ma waena o 1970 a me 1972. Ua hoʻonui ʻia kona mana i hoʻokomo ʻia mai 620,500 kW a i 666,000 kW ma hope o ka hana hou ʻana. Ma ka hopena o 2023, hiki i ka nui o ka hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia o Uzbekistan i 2.415 miliona kW, e helu ana ma kahi o 30% o kona hiki ke hiki. I ka makahiki 2022, ʻo 74.3 biliona kWh ka huina o ka uila o Uzbekistan, me ka ikehu hou e hāʻawi ana i ka 6.94 biliona kWh. ʻO kēia, ua hoʻokumu ka hydropower i 6.5 biliona kWh, e helu ana no 8.75% o ka nui o ka hana uila a me ka mana o ka hana ikehu hou me ka 93.66%. Eia nō naʻe, hāʻawi ʻia i ka hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hydropower o ka ʻāina he 27.4 biliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma kahi o 23% wale nō i hoʻohana ʻia, e hōʻike ana i nā manawa ulu nui i ka ʻāpana.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ʻimi ikaika ʻo Uzbekistan i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hydropower, e hoʻolaha ana i nā papahana he nui. I Pepeluali 2023, ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Uzbekhydroenergo i kahi memorandum of understanding (MOU) me Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry no ka hana ʻana i nā lako wai wai liʻiliʻi. I Iune o ia makahiki, ua ʻaelike ʻia me China Southern Power Grid International no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ʻekolu mea kanu wai. Eia kekahi, i Iulai 2023, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Uzbek Hydrogenergo i kahi ʻoluʻolu no ke kūkulu ʻana i ʻelima mau mea kanu hydropower hou me ka nui o 46.6 MW, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohua i 179 miliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ke kumukūʻai o $106.9 miliona. I Iune 2023, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Uzbekistan a me Tajikistan i kahi papahana e kūkulu i ʻelua mau mea kanu wai wai ma ka muliwai Zeravshan. ʻO ka hana mua e pili ana i ka 140 MW Yavan Hydropower Plant, e koi ana i kahi hoʻopukapuka o $282 miliona a manaʻo ʻia e hoʻohua i 700-800 miliona kWh i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hoʻolālā ʻia kahi mea kanu 135 MW ma ke kahawai ʻo Fandarya, me ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana he $270 miliona a me ka mana o ka makahiki he 500–600 miliona kWh. I Iune 2024, ua wehe ʻo Uzbekistan i kāna hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hydropower, e kuhikuhi ana i ka mana hoʻokomo ʻia o 6 GW e 2030. ʻO kēia hana ambisious e pili ana i nā hana hana hou a me nā hana hou, e kūlike me ka hoʻolālā ikehu hou e hoʻonui ai i ka māhele o ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo i 40% o ka nui o ka mana o 2030.
No ka holomua ʻana i ka ʻāpana hydropower, ua hoʻokō ke aupuni Uzbek i nā kulekele kākoʻo a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoponopono. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā hoʻolālā hoʻomohala hydropower a hoʻomaʻemaʻe mau ʻia i ka pane ʻana i nā holomua ʻenehana a me nā ʻano honua. No ka laʻana, ua ʻae ka ʻAha Kuhina i ka "2016–2020 Hydropower Development Plan" i Nowemapa 2015, e wehewehe ana i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ʻeiwa mau kikowaena wai hou. Ke holomua nei ka hoʻolālā "Uzbekistan-2030", ua manaʻo ʻia ke aupuni e hoʻolauna i nā kulekele a me nā kānāwai hou e huki ai i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o nā haole i ka hydropower a me nā ʻāpana ikehu hou hou. nā manawa kūpono no nā ʻoihana honua, me nā hui Kina, e hāʻawi i ko lākou ʻike a hoʻokumu i kā lākou ʻenehana ma Uzbekistan.
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona hui, paʻa ʻo Kina a me Uzbekistan i ka mana koʻikoʻi no ka hui pū ʻana ma ka ʻāpana hydropower. Me ka holomua ʻana o ka Belt and Road Initiative, ua loaʻa i nā ʻāina ʻelua i ka ʻaelike ākea e pili ana i ka hui pū ʻana o ka ikehu. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu kūleʻa ʻana o ka papahana kaʻaahi Kina-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan e hoʻoikaika hou i kā lākou kumu no ka hui pū wai. Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana Kina ka ʻike nui i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hydropower, ka hana ʻana i nā mea hana, a me ka ʻenehana hou, me nā ʻenehana holomua a me nā hiki kālā paʻa. I kēia manawa, hāʻawi ʻo Uzbekistan i nā kumuwaiwai hydropower nui, kahi ʻano kulekele maikaʻi, a me kahi koi mākeke nui, e hana ana i nā kūlana kūpono no ka pilina. Hiki i nā aupuni ʻelua ke komo i ka launa pū ʻana ma nā wahi like ʻole, e like me ke kūkulu ʻana i nā mea kanu hydropower, lako lako, hoʻololi ʻenehana, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā limahana, e hoʻoulu ana i nā pono like a me ka ulu like ʻana.
Ke nānā nei i mua, ua mākaukau ka ʻoihana hydropower o Uzbekistan no kahi wā e hiki mai ana. Me ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā papahana koʻikoʻi, e hoʻomau ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia, e hālāwai ana i nā pono o ka ikehu kūloko a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā manawa no ka lawe ʻana i ka uila a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pono waiwai nui. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻāpana hydropower e hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā ʻoihana pili, e hoʻoulu i nā manawa hana, a e alakaʻi i ka pōmaikaʻi o ka ʻāina. Ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu maʻemaʻe a hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia, e kōkua ka hoʻomohala hydropower nui iā Uzbekistan e hōʻemi i kona hilinaʻi ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku, hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokuʻu kalapona, a hāʻawi maikaʻi i nā hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-12-2025
