Nā kikowaena hydropower ʻano pā me nā hale paʻa wai ma nā muliwai e hoʻopaʻa ana i ka mana āpau a i ʻole ka hapa nui

ʻO nā kikowaena mana wai ʻano pā e pili ana i nā kikowaena mana wai e kūkulu ana i nā hale paʻa wai ma nā muliwai e hana i nā waihona wai, e hoʻohui i ka wai kūlohelohe e komo mai ana e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i nā pae wai, a hoʻopuka i ka uila ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻokoʻa poʻo. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻia ʻana o ka pā a me ka hale hana mana wai ma ka ʻāpana muliwai pōkole hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā kikowaena mana wai ʻano pā, ʻo ia nā hale paʻa wai, nā hale hoʻokuʻu wai, nā paipu kaomi, nā hale hana mana, nā turbine, nā mīkini hana, a me nā lako kōkua. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale paʻa wai i hoʻohana ʻia e nā pā he mau kikowaena mana wai waena a kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia e nā puka he mau kikowaena mana wai poʻo haʻahaʻa. Ke kiʻekiʻe ʻole ke poʻo wai a ākea ke kahawai o ka muliwai, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka hale hana mana ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hale paʻa wai. Ua ʻike ʻia kēia ʻano kikowaena mana wai he kikowaena mana wai moena muliwai a i ʻole he kikowaena mana wai pā.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kikowaena mana wai ʻano pā i ʻelua mau māhele e pili ana i ke kūlana pili ma waena o ka pā a me ka hale hana mana wai: ʻo ke ʻano pā ma hope a me ke ʻano moe muliwai. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka hale mana o ke kikowaena mana wai ʻano pā ma ka ʻaoʻao iho o ke kino pā a hoʻopuka i ka uila ma ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka wai ma o nā paipu kaomi. ʻAʻole halihali ka hale mana ponoʻī i ke kaomi wai o uka. ʻO ka hale mana, ka pā, ke ala hoʻokahe a me nā hale ʻē aʻe o ke kikowaena mana wai o ka moe muliwai ua kūkulu ʻia ma ka moe muliwai a he ʻāpana ia o ka hale paʻa wai, kahi e halihali ana i ke kaomi wai o uka. He mea kōkua kēia hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā holoʻokoʻa o ka papahana.

ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pā o kahi kahua mana wai ʻano pā. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻohana ia i ke poʻo wai kiʻekiʻe e hoʻonui i ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o ke kahua mana, hiki ke hoʻololi pono i nā koi ʻoki kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻōnaehana mana; ʻO ka lua, aia kahi mana mālama nui e hiki ke hoʻoponopono i ke kahe kiʻekiʻe e hōʻoluʻolu i ke kaomi kaohi wai kahe o ka muliwai ma lalo; ʻO ke kolu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pono āpau. ʻO ka hemahema ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka pohō i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka waikahe o ka wahi waihona a me ka paʻakikī i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana i nā kamaʻāina kūlanakauhale a me nā kuaʻāina. No laila, kūkulu pinepine ʻia nā kahua mana wai ʻano pā me nā pā kiʻekiʻe a me nā waihona nui ma nā wahi me nā mauna kiʻekiʻe, nā awāwa, ke kahe nui o ka wai, a me ka waikahe liʻiliʻi.
ʻO nā kikowaena hydropower ʻano pā nui loa o ka honua i kūkulu ʻia ua kau nui ʻia ma Kina, me ka Three Gorges Dam i helu mua ʻia me ka huina o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia he 22.5 miliona kilowatts. Ma waho aʻe o kāna mau pono hana mana nui, loaʻa pū i ka Three Gorges Dam nā pono piha i ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka kaohi ʻana i ke kahe, ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻokele ʻana, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai wai ma nā wahi waena a me lalo o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze, e lilo ia i "waiwai aupuni".
Mai ka 19th National Congress o ka ʻAoʻao Komunista o Kina, ua kūkulu ʻo Kina i kekahi mau kikowaena hydropower kaulana o ka honua. Ma Iune 28, 2021, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā ʻāpana ma Baihetan Hydropower Station, me ka huina o 16 miliona kilowatts; Ma Iune 29, 2020, ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā ʻāpana o Wudongde Hydropower Station no ka hana mana, me ka huina o 10.2 miliona kilowatts. ʻO kēia mau kikowaena hydropower ʻelua, me Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, a me Gezhouba hydropower stations, ke alahaka ikehu maʻemaʻe nui loa o ka honua, me ka huina o 71.695 miliona kilowatts, e helu ana i kahi kokoke i 20% o ka huina o ka hydropower i hoʻomaka ʻia ma Kina. Hāʻawi lākou i kahi pale hilinaʻi no ka palekana o ke kaohi ʻana i ke kahe, ka palekana o ka hoʻouna ʻana, ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ka palekana o nā kumuwaiwai wai, a me ka palekana o ka ikehu ma ke kahawai ʻo Yangtze.
Ua manaʻo ka hōʻike a ka 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China e hoʻolaha ikaika a paʻa i ka piko kalapona a me ke kūpaʻa kalapona. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke kūkulu ʻana i ka hydropower e hoʻolauna i nā manawa hoʻomohala hou, a e pāʻani pū ka hydropower i kahi kuleana "kikowaena" i ka hoʻololi ikehu a me ka hoʻomohala kiʻekiʻe.