Nā kikowaena hydropower ʻenehana holomua o Kina

Aia i loko o kahi kikowaena hydropower kahi ʻōnaehana hydraulic, kahi ʻōnaehana mechanical, a me kahi mea hana ikehu uila. He papahana kikowaena mālama wai ia e hoʻokō ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka ikehu wai i ikehu uila. ʻO ke kūpaʻa o ka hana ikehu uila e pono ai ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ka ikehu wai ma nā kikowaena hydropower.
Ma ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana waihona wai hydroelectric, hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā kumuwaiwai hydraulic i ka manawa a me ka lewa e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai hydraulic. I mea e hoʻololi pono ai i ka ikehu wai i loko o ka waihona wai i ikehu uila, pono e hoʻokō ʻia ke kahua hydropower ma o kahi ʻōnaehana hydro mechanical a me ka uila, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paipu hoʻohuli kaomi, nā turbine, nā mīkini hana, a me nā paipu huelo.
1, Alanui Ikehu Maʻemaʻe
Ma ʻAukake 11, 2023, ua hoʻolaha ʻo China Three Gorges Corporation he 100 mau ʻāpana hana ma ke alahaka ikehu maʻemaʻe nui loa o ka honua, e hoʻonohonoho ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe hou no ka makahiki e pili ana i ka helu o nā ʻāpana i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hana.
ʻO nā kikowaena mana kahe ʻeono o Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu, Xiangjiaba, Three Gorges, a me Gezhouba ma ke kahawai nui o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze no ka hana a me ka hoʻokele ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana mana o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze i hui pū ʻia e hana i ke alahaka ikehu maʻemaʻe nui loa o ka honua.
2. Nā kikowaena hydropower o Kina
1. Ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Jinsha River Baihetan
Ma ka lā 3 o ʻAukake, ua mālama ʻia ka ʻaha hoʻolauleʻa honua piha o ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Jinsha River Baihetan ma lalo o ka lua hoʻokumu pā. I kēlā lā, ua komo ke kahua hoʻokele wai nui loa o ka honua e kūkulu ʻia ana a hoʻokomo ʻia ana, ʻo Baihetan Hydropower Station, i ke kahua o ke kūkulu piha ʻana o ka papahana nui.
Aia ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Baihetan ma nā ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa o ka muliwai ʻo Jinsha ma ke Kalana ʻo Ningnan, ka Panalāʻau ʻo Sichuan a me ke Kalana ʻo Qiaojia, ka Panalāʻau ʻo Yunnan, me ka huina o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia he 16 miliona kilowatts. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana, e lilo paha ia i ke kahua hoʻokele wai nui ʻelua o ka honua ma hope o ka Pā ʻo Three Gorges.
Ua kūkulu ʻia ka papahana e China Three Gorges Corporation a lawelawe ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he kumu mana iwi kuamoʻo no ka hoʻolālā ikehu aupuni o "West East Power Transmission".
2. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Wudongde
Aia ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Wudongde ma ka muliwai ʻo Jinsha ma ka hui ʻana o nā panalāʻau ʻo Sichuan a me Yunnan. ʻO ia ka wai kahe mua o nā kahua hoʻokele wai ʻehā ma ka ʻāpana lalo o ka muliwai ʻo Jinsha, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo Wudongde, ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Baihetan, ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Xiluodu, a me ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Xiangjiaba.
Ma ka hola 11:12 am ma Iune 16, 2021, ua hoʻopau pono ka ʻāpana hope loa o ke kahua hoʻoulu mana wai ʻo Wudongde, ʻo ia ke kahua hoʻoulu mana wai ʻehiku o ka honua a ʻo ka ʻehā o Kina, i kahi hana hoʻāʻo 72 hola a ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka Southern Power Grid, a ua hoʻokomo kūhelu ʻia no ka hana ʻana i ka mana. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻāpana 12 a pau o ke kahua hoʻoulu mana wai ʻo Wudongde no ka hana ʻana i ka mana.
ʻO ke kahua hoʻoulu mana wai ʻo Wudongde ka papahana hoʻoulu mana wai nui mua me ka mana o 10 miliona kilowatts i hoʻomaka ʻia e Kina e kūkulu a hoʻokomo piha ʻia i ka hana mai ka 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. He papahana kākoʻo koʻikoʻi ia no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻolālā "West East Power Transmission" a me ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻōnaehana ikehu maʻemaʻe, haʻahaʻa-kalapona, palekana a me ka pono.
3. Ke Kahua Mana Wai ʻo Shilongba
ʻO ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Shilongba ka kahua hoʻokele wai mua ma Kina. Ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana i ka hopena o ka wā o Qing Dynasty a ua hoʻopau ʻia ma ka Repubalika o Kina. Ua kūkulu ʻia e ke kapikala pilikino i kēlā manawa a aia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka muliwai ʻo Tanglang ma Haikou, ʻĀpana ʻo Xishan, Kulanakauhale ʻo Kunming, Panalāʻau ʻo Yunnan.
4. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Manwan
ʻO ke kahua mana wai ʻo Manwan ka kikowaena mana wai nui me ke kumukūʻai kūpono loa, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kahua mana wai miliona kilowatt mua i hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke kahua mana wai nui o ka muliwai ʻo Lancang. ʻO ke kahua mana wai ʻo Xiaowan ma uka, a ʻo ke kahua mana wai ʻo Dachaoshan ma lalo.
5. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Tianba
Aia ke kahua ikehu wai ʻo Tianba ma ka muliwai ʻo Chuhe ma ke Kalana ʻo Zhenba, ma ka moku ʻo Shaanxi. Hoʻomaka ia mai ke kahua ikehu ʻo Xiaonanhai a hoʻopau ma ka waha o ka muliwai ʻo Pianxi ma ke Kalana ʻo Zhenba. No loko ia o ka papahana ʻano liʻiliʻi papa ʻehā (1), me ka pae hale nui he papa ʻehā a ʻo ka pae hale lua he papa ʻelima.
6. Ke Kahua Mana Wai ʻEkolu Gorges
ʻO ka Three Gorges Dam, i ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub Project a i ʻole ka Three Gorges Project, he kahua hydropower ʻanuʻu.
ʻO ka ʻāpana ʻo Xiling Gorge o ka muliwai ʻo Yangtze, aia ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Yichang, ma ka panalāʻau ʻo Hubei, Kina, ʻo ia ke kahua hydropower nui loa o ka honua a me ka papahana ʻenekinia nui loa i kūkulu ʻia ma Kina.
Ua ʻāpono ʻia ke kahua hoʻomehana wai ʻo Three Gorges no ke kūkulu ʻana e ka National People's Congress i ka makahiki 1992, ua hoʻomaka kūhelu ʻia ke kūkulu ʻana i ka makahiki 1994, ua hoʻomaka i ka mālama wai a me ka hana mana i ke awakea o Iune 1, 2003, a ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 2009.
ʻO ke kāohi ʻana i ke kahe wai, ka hana mana, a me ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā moku nā pono nui ʻekolu o ka Papahana ʻEkolu Gorges, a ʻo ia hoʻi ke kāohi ʻana i ke kahe wai ka pono nui o ka Papahana ʻEkolu Gorges.

7. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Baishan
ʻO ke kahua mana wai ʻo Baishan ka kikowaena mana wai nui loa ma ka ʻĀkau Hikina o Kina. He papahana ia e hoʻopuka nui ana i ka uila a he mau pono hoʻohana piha e like me ke kāohi ʻana i ke kahe a me ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻO ia ke kumu nui o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā piko, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke alapine (frequency), a me ke kumu mana kākoʻo ulia pōpilikia o ka ʻōnaehana mana ʻĀkau Hikina.
8. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Fengman
ʻO ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Fengman, aia ma ka muliwai ʻo Songhua ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Jilin, ma ka panalāʻau ʻo Jilin, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "makuahine o ka hoʻokele wai" a me ke "wahi moe o ka hoʻokele wai Kina". Ua kūkulu ʻia i ka wā o ka noho ʻana o Iapana ma ka ʻĀkau Hikina o Kina i ka makahiki 1937 a ʻo ia ke kahua hoʻokele wai nui loa ma Asia i kēlā manawa.
9. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Longtan
ʻO ke kahua hoʻokele mana wai ʻo Longtan, aia he 15 kilomita ma uka o ke Kalana ʻo Tian'e ma Guangxi, he papahana koʻikoʻi ia o ka "West East Power Transmission".
10. Ke Kahua Mana Wai ʻo Xiluodu
Aia ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Xiluodu ma ka ʻāpana ʻo Jinsha River Gorge ma ka huina o Leibo County ma Sichuan Province a me Yongshan County ma Yunnan Province. ʻO ia kekahi o nā kumu mana kumu no ka "West East Power Transmission" o Kina, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hana mana, a he mau pono piha e like me ke kāohi ʻana i ke kahe, ka pale ʻana i ka lepo, a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kūlana hoʻouna moku ma lalo.
11. Ke Kahua Mana Wai o Xiangjiaba
Aia ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Xiangjiaba ma ka palena o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Yibin, ma ka moku ʻo Sichuan a me ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Shuifu, ma ka moku ʻo Yunnan, a ʻo ia ke kahua hoʻokele wai pae hope loa o ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Jinsha River. Ua hoʻomaka ʻia ka pūʻulu mua o nā ʻāpana no ka hana mana i Nowemapa 2012.
12. Ke Kahua Mana Wai ʻo Ertan
Aia ke kahua hoʻokele wai ʻo Ertan ma ka palena o nā kalana ʻo Yanbian a me Miyi ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Panzhihua, ma ke komohana hema o ka panalāʻau ʻo Sichuan, Kina. Ua hoʻomaka ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana i Kepakemapa 1991, ua hoʻomaka ka ʻāpana mua e hana i ka uila i Iulai 1998, a ua hoʻopau ʻia i ka makahiki 2000. ʻO ia ka hale hoʻokele mana nui loa i kūkulu ʻia a hoʻomaka ʻia e hana ma Kina i ke kenekulia 20.