ʻO ka ʻoihana hydropower, ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana pou kumu o ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina, pili loa i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻāina a me nā hoʻololi ʻana i ka hoʻolālā ʻoihana. I kēia manawa, paʻa ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana wai wai o Kina, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia, ka piʻi ʻana o ka mana o ka hydropower generation, ka piʻi ʻana o ka waiwai hydropower, a me ka emi ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i ka ʻoihana pili wai. Me ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kulekele aupuni "mālama ʻia a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻokuʻu ʻana", ua lilo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻokuʻu ʻana i koho kūpono no Kina, a ua lilo ka hydropower i koho maikaʻi loa no ka ikehu hou.
He ʻenehana ʻepekema ka hydroelectric power generation e aʻo ana i nā pilikia ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka hana ʻenekinia a me ka hana hana e hoʻohuli ai i ka ikehu wai i uila. ʻO ka ikehu wai i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mana hydroelectric ka nui o ka ikehu i mālama ʻia i loko o nā kino wai. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hydropower i ka uila, pono e kūkulu ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o nā kikowaena hydropower.
ʻO ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hydropower e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā kikowaena hydropower, a laila ka hana o ka hydropower. Hoʻohui ka ʻoihana hydropower midstream i ka uila i ka ʻoihana mana o lalo no ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pilina pili. ʻO ka hana kūkulu ʻana i kahi kahua wai wai e pili ana i ka kūkākūkā ʻenekinia mua a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lako like ʻole no ke kahua wai wai, a me ke kūkulu hope ʻana. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā ʻoihana waena a me lalo he hoʻokahi, me kahi ʻano paʻa.
Me ka paipai ʻana i ka ulu waiwai o Kina, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolako a me ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i ka waiwai, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu, ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana a me ka ulu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ua lilo i ka ʻae o ka hoʻomohala waiwai. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana hydropower ka manaʻo nui mai nā aupuni ma nā pae āpau a me ke kākoʻo nui mai nā kulekele ʻoihana aupuni. Ua hoʻokomo ka ʻāina i nā kulekele he nui e kākoʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana mana hydroelectric. ʻO nā kulekele ʻoihana e like me ka Plan Implementation for Solving the Problem of Water, Wind, and Light Habandonment, the Notice on Establishing and Improving the Renewable Energy Power Consumption Mechanism, and the Implementation Plan for the 2021 Government Affairs Publicity Work of the Ministry of Water Resources ua hāʻawi i nā manaʻo ākea ākea no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hana wai a me ka hana mana maikaʻi.
ʻIke hohonu o ka ʻoihana hydropower
Wahi a nā noiʻi ʻoihana, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka hydropower i Kina i kēlā me kēia makahiki, mai 333 miliona kilowatts i 2016 a i 370 miliona kilowatts i 2020, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 2.7%. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka huina kumulative i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka hydropower ma Kina i hōʻea ma kahi o 391 miliona kilowatts (me 36 miliona kilowatts o ka mālama ʻana i ka paila), kahi piʻi o 5.6% makahiki-ma-makahiki.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua ulu wikiwiki ka nui o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o nā ʻoihana e pili ana i ka hydropower ma Kina, mai 198000 i 2016 a i 539000 i 2019, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki he 39.6%. I ka makahiki 2020, ua lohi a emi iho ka ulu o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ka ʻoihana hydropower. Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa i ka makahiki 2021, aia he 483000 mau ʻoihana pili hydropower i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ma Kina, kahi emi o ka makahiki i ka makahiki he 7.3%.
Mai ka mahele ʻana o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia, i ka hopena o 2021, ʻo ka ʻāina me ka nui o ka mana hydroelectric i Kina ʻo Sichuan Province, me ka mana hoʻokomo o 88.87 miliona kilowatts, a ukali ʻia e Yunnan me ka mana hoʻokomo ʻia o 78.2 miliona kilowatts; ʻO nā panalāʻau i helu ʻia i ka lua a i ka ʻumi ʻo Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, a me Qinghai, me ka mana hoʻokomo ʻia mai ka 10 a 40 miliona kilowatts.
Mai ka manaʻo o ka hana mana, i ka makahiki 2021, ʻo ka ʻāina me ka mana hydroelectric kiʻekiʻe loa ma Kina ʻo Sichuan, me ka mana hydroelectric o 353.14 biliona kilowatt hola, helu no 26.37%; ʻO ka lua, he 271.63 biliona kilowatt hola o ka hydroelectric power generation ma Yunnan, he 20.29%; Eia hou, he 153.15 biliona kilowatt mau hola ka hydroelectric power generation ma Hubei, he 11.44%.
Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka mana i hoʻokomo ʻia o ka ʻoihana hydropower o Kina, ʻo Changjiang Power ka ʻoihana nui loa e pili ana i ka mana hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia. Ma 2021, Changjiang Power's hydropower i hoʻokomo i ka mana i ʻoi aku ma mua o 11% o ka ʻāina, a ʻo ka nui o ka hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia o ka hydropower ma lalo o nā pūʻulu hana mana nui ʻelima e pili ana i kahi hapakolu o ka ʻāina; Mai ka manaʻo o ka mana hydroelectric, i ka makahiki 2021, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana uila o Yangtze River ma mua o 15%, a ʻo ka mana hydroelectric ma lalo o nā pūʻulu mana mana nui e pili ana i ka 20% o ka huina aupuni. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka lākiō hoʻopaʻa ʻana o ka mākeke, ʻo ka huina o ʻelima hydropower i kau ʻia nā pūʻulu mana a me Yangtze River Power kokoke i ka hapalua o ka mākeke; ʻOi aku ka nui o ka 30% o ka ʻāina, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻoihana.
Wahi a ka "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis and Development Prospects Prediction Report" na China Research Institute of Industry.
ʻO ka ʻoihana hydropower o Kina ka mea nui e nā monopolies aupuni. Ma waho aʻe o nā pūʻulu hana mana nui ʻelima, nui nō hoʻi nā ʻoihana hoʻomohala mana maikaʻi loa i ka ʻoihana hydropower o Kina. ʻO nā ʻoihana ma waho o nā pūʻulu nui ʻelima, i hōʻike ʻia e Yangtze Power, ʻo ia ka mea nui loa e pili ana i ka mana hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia. Wahi a ka mahele o ka mana hydropower i hoʻokomo ʻia, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka echelon hoʻokūkū o ka ʻoihana hydropower o Kina i ʻelua echelons, me nā hui nui ʻelima a me ka Yangtze Power kūlana mua.
Nā Manaʻo no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana wai uila
Ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomehana honua a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pau ʻana o nā wahie mōʻalihaku, ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu hou ke loaʻa nei ka manaʻo mai ke kaiāulu honua, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala ikaika ʻana i ka ikehu hou ua lilo i mea ʻae i waena o nā ʻāina a puni ka honua. He kumu ikehu maʻemaʻe a hiki ke hoʻololi hou ʻia ka mana hydroelectric me ka ʻenehana makua hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia ma ke ʻano nui. Aia ka pae mua o ka wai puna wai o Kina ma ka honua. ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hydropower ʻaʻole ia he ala koʻikoʻi e hōʻemi maikaʻi ai i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kinoea ʻōmaʻomaʻo, akā he mea koʻikoʻi hoʻi e hoʻoponopono ai i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau, hoʻoikaika i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, a hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau.
Ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna o ka hydropower limahana 'hoomau paio, hooponopono a me ka hana hou, a me ka wiwo 'ole hana, China ka hydropower oihana ua hoʻokō i ka mōʻaukala lele mai ka liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka nui, mai nawaliwali a ikaika, a mai ka hahai ana a alakai. Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki o ka ʻenehana, hilinaʻi nā ʻāpana hydropower a me nā limahana ma Kina i nā ʻenehana ʻokiʻoki e like me ka naʻauao artificial a me ka ʻikepili nui e hōʻoia pono i ka maikaʻi o ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka palekana dam.
I loko o ka 14th Five Year Plan, ua wehewehe ʻo Kina i ka palena manawa no ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā pahuhopu o ka peaking carbon a me ka neutrality carbon, kahi i manaʻo ai nā ʻano ikehu he nui i nā manawa a me nā pilikia e hiki mai ana i ka manawa like. Ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka ikehu hou, hydropower, i loko o ka pōʻaiapili o ka honua a me ka pau ʻana o ka ikehu, e hoʻomau ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hoʻomohala hoʻomau no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana ikehu.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, pono ʻo Kina e kālele i nā ʻenehana nui e like me ke kūkulu akamai, ka hana akamai, a me nā mea hana akamai o ka hydropower, e hoʻoikaika ikaika i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana hydropower, hoʻoikaika, hoʻonui, a hoʻonui i ka ikehu maʻemaʻe, hoʻonui i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka hydropower a me ka ikehu hou, a hoʻomau i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kūkulu naʻauao a me ka hoʻokele hana o nā kikowaena wai.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Apr-10-2023
