ʻO ka turbine wai, ʻo Kaplan, Pelton, a me Francis turbines ka mea maʻamau, he mīkini rotary nui e hana ana e hoʻohuli i ka ikehu kinetic a me ka ikehu i loko o ka hydroelectricity. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau mea like hou o ka huila wai no nā makahiki he 135 no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka mana ʻenehana, a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ikehu hydropower.
He aha nā wai turbine i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia lā?
I kēia lā, hāʻawi ka hydropower i ka 16% o ka mana o ka honua. I ke kenekulia 19, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā turbine wai no ka mana ʻoihana ma mua o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā pā uila. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ʻia lākou no ka hana uila a hiki ke loaʻa ma nā pā a i ʻole nā wahi e kahe ai ka wai nui.
Me ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o ka ikehu honua a me nā mea e like me ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke aniau a me ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā wahie mōʻalihaku, hiki i ka hydroelectricity ke hana i ka hopena nui e like me ke ʻano o ka ikehu ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻimi ʻana i nā kumu mana kaiapuni a me ka maʻemaʻe, hiki i nā turbines Francis ke hōʻoia i kahi hopena kaulana a hoʻonui ʻia i nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Pehea ka hana ʻana o nā huila wai i ka uila?
ʻO ke kaomi wai i hana ʻia mai ka wai kahe maoli a i ʻole ka wai kahe ʻana ma ke ʻano he kumu ikehu no nā turbine wai. Lawe ʻia kēia ikehu a lilo i mana hydroelectric. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka mea kanu wai i ka wai ma luna o ka muliwai ikaika e mālama i ka wai. A laila hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka wai ma nā ʻāpana, e kahe ana i loko o ka turbine, e hoʻololi iā ia, a e hoʻāla i kahi mīkini hana e hoʻohua ai i ka uila.
Pehea ka nui o nā huila wai?
Ma muli o ke poʻo ma lalo o kā lākou hana ʻana, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā turbine wai i ke poʻo kiʻekiʻe, waena, a haʻahaʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana hydropower haʻahaʻa, no ka mea he nui ka turbine wai e loaʻa i kahi kahe kahe kiʻekiʻe ʻoiai ke kau ʻia ke kaomi wai haʻahaʻa ma nā lau. I ka huli ʻana, ʻaʻole pono nā ʻōnaehana hydropower kiʻekiʻe i ka nui o ka ʻili, no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻia lākou e hoʻohana i ka ikehu mai nā kumu wai e holo wikiwiki ana.
Palapala e wehewehe ana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻōnaehana hydropower like ʻole me ka turbine wai
He pakuhi e wehewehe ana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana ʻōnaehana hydropower me ka turbine wai
Ma lalo nei, e wehewehe mākou i kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano turbine wai i hoʻohana ʻia no nā noi like ʻole a me ke kaomi wai.
Kaplan Turbine (0-60m Pressure Head)
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau turbines he axial flow reaction turbines, ʻoiai lākou e hoʻololi i ke kaomi o ka wai i kona kahe ʻana ma loko. ʻO ka turbine Kaplan e like me ka propeller a me nā hiʻohiʻona hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻonui i ka pono ma luna o nā pae wai a me ke kaomi.
He kiʻi hoʻoheheʻe ʻo Kaplan
Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Pressure poo)
ʻO ka huila Pelton—a i ʻole ka huila Pelton—ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka turbine impulse, ʻo ia ka mea nāna e unuhi i ka ikehu mai ka wai hoʻoneʻe. Ua kūpono kēia turbine no nā noi poʻo kiʻekiʻe, no ka mea, pono ia i ka nui o ke kaomi wai e hoʻopili i ka ikaika ma luna o nā bākeke ʻano puna, a e hoʻohuli i ka disk a hoʻoulu i ka mana.
Pelton turbine
ʻO Francis Turbine (60m-300m Pressure Head)
ʻO ka turbine wai hope loa a kaulana loa, ʻo Francis turbine, ʻo ia ka 60% o ka hydropower o ka honua. Ke hana nei ma ke ʻano he hopena a me ka hopena turbine e hana ana ma ke poʻo waena, hoʻohui ka turbine Francis i nā manaʻo kahe axial a me radial. Ma ka hana ʻana i kēia, hoʻopiha ka turbine i ke āpau ma waena o nā turbine kiʻekiʻe a me nā poʻo haʻahaʻa, e hana ana i kahi hoʻolālā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a me nā ʻenekini paʻakikī i kēia lā e hoʻomaikaʻi hou aku.
ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku, e hana ana kahi turbine Francis ma ka wai e kahe ana i loko o kahi puʻupuʻu spiral i loko (static) alakaʻi vanes e hoʻomalu i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai i nā lau (neʻe) runner. Hoʻoikaika ka wai i ka mea kukini e hoʻololi i ka hopena hui a me ka hopena o nā ikaika, ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka mea kukini ma o kahi paipu huki e hoʻokuʻu ai i ke kahe o ka wai i waho.
Pehea wau e koho ai i kahi hoʻolālā wai turbine?
ʻO ke koho ʻana i ka hoʻolālā turbine maikaʻi loa e iho pinepine i kahi mea; ka nui o ke poʻo a me ke kahe kahe i hiki iā ʻoe. Ke hoʻopaʻa ʻoe i ke ʻano o ke kaomi wai e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻoholo inā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka "reaction turbine design" e like me ka Francis turbine a i ʻole ka "impulse turbine design", e like me ka Pelton turbine he kūpono.
Kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi wai
ʻO ka hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokumu i ka wikiwiki kūpono o ka hoʻololi ʻana o kāu mīkini uila i manaʻo ʻia.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-15-2022
