Matsalolin makamashi na kara ta'azzara tare da zuwan tsananin sanyi, samar da makamashi a duniya ya yi kararrawa
Kwanan nan, iskar gas ya zama kayayyaki tare da karuwa mafi girma a wannan shekara. Bayanan kasuwa sun nuna cewa a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, farashin LNG a Asiya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi da kusan kashi 600%; karuwar iskar gas a Turai ya fi tayar da hankali. Farashin a watan Yuli ya karu da fiye da 1,000% idan aka kwatanta da Mayun bara; hatta Amurka da ke da arzikin iskar gas ba za ta iya jurewa ba. , Farashin iskar gas ya taɓa kaiwa matsayi mafi girma a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
A lokaci guda kuma, man ya yi tashin gwauron zabo har zuwa mafi girma cikin shekaru da dama. Ya zuwa karfe 9:10 na ranar 8 ga Oktoba, agogon Beijing, makomar danyen mai na Brent ya tashi sama da kashi 1% zuwa dala 82.82 a kowace ganga, mafi girma tun watan Oktoban shekarar 2018. A wannan rana, makomar danyen mai na WTI ya samu nasarar haura dalar Amurka 78/ ganga, karo na farko tun daga watan Nuwamban shekarar 2014.
Wasu manazarta na ganin cewa matsalar makamashin na iya kara yin muni bayan zuwan lokacin sanyi mai tsanani, wanda ya haifar da fargabar matsalar makamashi a duniya.
Bisa ga rahoton "Tattalin Arziki Daily", matsakaicin farashin wutar lantarki a Spain da Portugal a farkon watan Satumba ya kusan sau uku akan matsakaicin farashin watanni shida da suka wuce, a kan Yuro 175 a kowace MWh; Farashin wutar lantarki na TTF ya kasance Yuro 74.15 a kowace MWh. 4 sau sama da na Maris; Farashin wutar lantarki a Burtaniya ya kai Yuro 183.84 a tarihi.
Ci gaba da hauhawar farashin iskar gas shine "mai laifi" na rikicin wutar lantarki na Turai. The Chicago Mercantile Exchange Henry Hub na iskar gas nan gaba da Cibiyar Canja wurin taken Dutch (TTF) makomar iskar gas sune manyan ma'auni biyu na farashin iskar gas a duniya. A halin yanzu, farashin kwangilar watan Oktoba na duka biyu ya kai matsayi mafi girma na shekara. Bayanai sun nuna cewa farashin iskar gas a nahiyar Asiya ya yi tashin gwauron zabi sau 6 a cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Turai ta yi tashin gwauron zabi sau 10 a cikin watanni 14, sannan farashin Amurka ya kai matsayi mafi girma cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata.
Taron ministocin kungiyar EU a karshen watan Satumba ya tattauna batun tashin farashin iskar gas da wutar lantarki. Ministocin sun amince da cewa halin da ake ciki a yanzu yana cikin "matsayi mai mahimmanci" kuma sun zargi yanayin rashin daidaituwa na karuwar 280% na farashin iskar gas a wannan shekara akan ƙananan matakan ajiyar iskar gas da kuma samar da Rasha. Matsaloli, ƙarancin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa da sake zagayowar kayayyaki a ƙarƙashin hauhawar farashi jerin abubuwa ne.
Wasu ƙasashe membobin EU suna tsara matakan kariya cikin gaggawa: Spain tana tallafawa masu amfani da ita ta hanyar rage farashin wutar lantarki da kuma dawo da kuɗi daga kamfanoni masu amfani; Faransa tana ba da tallafin makamashi da rage haraji ga gidaje matalauta; Italiya da Girka suna la'akari da tallafin Ko sanya farashin farashi da sauran matakan kare 'yan ƙasa daga tasirin hauhawar farashin wutar lantarki, tare da tabbatar da aikin al'umma na yau da kullun.
Amma matsalar ita ce iskar iskar gas wani muhimmin bangare ne na tsarin makamashin Turai kuma ya dogara kacokan kan kayayyakin da Rasha ke samarwa. Wannan dogaro ya zama babbar matsala a yawancin ƙasashe lokacin da farashin yayi tsada.
Hukumar kula da makamashi ta kasa da kasa ta yi imanin cewa, a cikin duniya mai dunkulewar duniya, matsalolin samar da makamashi na iya zama ruwan dare, kuma na dadewa, musamman a yanayin da ake ciki na gaggawa daban-daban da ke haifar da illa ga tsarin samar da kayayyaki, da raguwar zuba jarin man fetur a matsayin martani ga sauyin yanayi.
A halin yanzu, makamashi mai sabuntawa na Turai ba zai iya cike gibin buƙatun makamashi ba. Bayanai sun nuna cewa ya zuwa shekarar 2020, hanyoyin samar da makamashin da ake sabuntawa a Turai sun samar da kashi 38% na wutar lantarkin kungiyar ta EU, wanda ya zarce makamashin da ake samu a karon farko a tarihi, kuma ya zama babbar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki a Turai. Duk da haka, ko da a cikin yanayi mafi kyau, iska da hasken rana ba za su iya samar da isasshen wutar lantarki don biyan 100% na bukatun shekara.
A cewar wani bincike da wata babbar cibiyar bincike ta EU Bruegel ta yi, a cikin kankanin lokaci zuwa matsakaicin lokaci, ko kadan kasashen EU za su ci gaba da fuskantar matsalar makamashi kafin a samar da manyan batura na adana makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa.
Biritaniya: karancin mai, rashin direbobi!
Hauhawar farashin iskar gas shi ma ya yi wa Burtaniya wahala.
Rahotanni sun bayyana cewa, farashin iskar gas a Birtaniya ya tashi sama da kashi 250 cikin 100 a cikin wannan shekarar, kuma da yawa daga cikin dillalan da ba su sanya hannu kan kwangilolin farashin kayayyaki na dogon lokaci ba sun fuskanci asara mai yawa sakamakon tashin farashin.
Tun daga watan Agusta, fiye da 12 kamfanonin iskar gas ko makamashi a Burtaniya sun yi nasarar bayyana fatara ko kuma tilastawa rufe kasuwancinsu, wanda ya haifar da fiye da abokan ciniki miliyan 1.7 da suka rasa masu samar da su, kuma matsin lamba ga masana'antar makamashi na ci gaba da karuwa.
Haka kuma farashin amfani da makamashi wajen samar da wutar lantarki ya karu. Yayin da matsalar wadata da bukatu ta yi fice, farashin wutar lantarki a Burtaniya ya karu da fiye da sau 7 idan aka kwatanta da bara, kai tsaye ya kafa tarihi mafi girma tun 1999. Sakamakon matsalolin da suka hada da tashin wutar lantarki da karancin abinci, jama'a sun wawashe wasu manyan kantuna a Burtaniya kai tsaye.
Karancin ma'aikata da "Brexit" ya haifar da sabon barkewar cutar kambi ya kara ta'azzara a cikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta Burtaniya.
Rabin gidajen mai a Burtaniya ba su da iskar gas da za su sake cikawa. Gwamnatin Burtaniya ta kara tsawaita biza cikin gaggawa na direbobi 5,000 na kasashen waje zuwa shekarar 2022, kuma a ranar 4 ga watan Oktoba, agogon kasar, ta tattara sojoji kusan 200 don shiga aikin jigilar man fetur. Sai dai masana na ganin cewa matsalar tana da wuyar warwarewa gaba daya cikin kankanin lokaci.
Duniya: A cikin rikicin makamashi?
Ba kasashen Turai kadai ke fama da matsalar makamashi ba, wasu kasashe masu tasowa a kasuwa, har ma da Amurka, babbar mai fitar da makamashi, ba su da kariya.
A cewar Bloomberg News, fari mafi muni da Brazil ta fuskanta cikin shekaru 91 ya haifar da rugujewar samar da wutar lantarki. Idan ba a kara shigo da wutar lantarki daga kasashen Uruguay da Argentina ba, hakan na iya tilastawa kasar Kudancin Amurka fara takaita wutar lantarki.
Domin rage durkushewar tashar wutar lantarki, Brazil ta fara aikin samar da iskar gas don cike asarar da wutar lantarkin ta haifar. Wannan ya tilastawa gwamnati yin gogayya da sauran kasashe a cikin matsananciyar kasuwar iskar gas ta duniya, wanda hakan na iya sake kara farashin iskar gas a fakaice.
A wani bangare na duniya, Indiya ma ta damu da wutar lantarki.
Nomura Financial Consulting and Securities Masanin tattalin arziki Indiya Aurodeep Nandi ya ce masana'antar wutar lantarki ta Indiya na fuskantar cikakkiyar guguwa: babban bukatu, karancin wadatar cikin gida, kuma ba a sake cika kaya ta hanyar shigo da kaya.
A sa'i daya kuma, farashin kwal a kasar Indonesiya, daya daga cikin manyan masu samar da kwal a Indiya, ya tashi daga dalar Amurka 60 kan kowace ton a watan Maris zuwa dalar Amurka 200 kan kowace ton a watan Satumba, lamarin da ya kawo cikas ga shigo da gawayin Indiya. Idan ba a cika wadatar a cikin lokaci ba, Indiya na iya yanke wutar lantarki ga kasuwancin da ke da ƙarfi da gine-gine.
A matsayinta na babbar mai fitar da iskar gas, Amurka kuma ita ce muhimmiyar mai samar da iskar gas a Turai. Guguwar Ida ta shafa a karshen watan Agusta, ba wai kawai isar da iskar gas zuwa Turai ya yi takaici ba, amma kuma farashin wutar lantarkin mazauna Amurka ya sake tashi.
Rage iskar carbon yana da tushe sosai kuma yankin arewa ya shiga cikin sanyi. Yayin da aka rage karfin samar da wutar lantarki, hakika bukatar wutar lantarki ya karu, wanda ya kara fadada gibin wutar lantarki. Farashin wutar lantarki ya tashi cikin sauri a kasashe da dama na duniya. Farashin wutar lantarki a Burtaniya ya tashi har sau 10. A matsayinsa na ƙwararren wakilin makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa, yanayin muhalli da ƙarancin wutar lantarki na carbon yana da fa'ida mafi girma a wannan lokacin. A cikin mahallin hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a kasuwar makamashi ta duniya, haɓaka ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki da ƙarfi, da yin amfani da wutar lantarki don cike gibin kasuwa da aka bari ta hanyar raguwar samar da wutar lantarki.
Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-12-2021
