Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ashisayo kunezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ububi bokungcolisa imvelo, izinzuzo zokusebenzisa amandla ayisisekelo, izinzuzo zokuphehla amandla enuzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla okuqala, ububi bemisebe yenuzi ebangelwa ukuvuza kwenyukliya, izindleko eziphezulu kunamandla ashisayo, izinzuzo zokuvikela uhlaza kanye nemvelo, ububi bokonga, umthombo wamandla aphezulu, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla aphezulu kunomthombo wamandla aphezulu Umgomo oyisisekelo wokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ukusebenzisa ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi ukubambisana nejeneretha ye-hydraulic turbine generator ukukhiqiza ugesi, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa amandla ezinga lamanzi ukuze uguqule amandla omshini we-hydraulic turbine, bese usebenzisa amandla omshini ukushayela i-generator, ukuze ososayensi bamandla kagesi bathole izimo zemvelo zalokhu kwehla kwezinga lamanzi ukuze basebenzise ngokucophelela ukwehla kwezinga le-hydraulic futhi basebenzise ngokucophelela ukwehla kwezinga le-hydraulic, ukusebenzisa ngokucophelela i-hydraulic turbine. eliphezulu kakhulu.
Ukungalungi: ukungcola okukhulu, amathemba afiphele entuthuko esimeme, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu, ukusebenza kahle okuphansi, umlando omude wezinzuzo ze-hydraulic, izindleko eziphansi zamuva, ukungangcoli, amandla amanzi avuselelekayo, isamba esikhulu esigciniwe sikagesi wamanzi, ukukhubazeka okukhulu, ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwempahla engashintshi, kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zemvelo yendawo. Isibonelo, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina inothe ngokwedlulele emithonjeni yamanzi, kodwa indawo engokwemvelo yimbi; 1. Uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi olusebenza ngogesi lisebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ngamandla angaba namandla ezindaweni eziphakeme njengemifula namachibi ukuze kufinyelele ezindaweni eziphansi, luguqule amandla angaba khona aqukethwe kuwo abe amandla e-kinetic we-hydraulic turbine, bese lisebenzisa i-hydraulic turbine njengesisusa esiyinhloko sokushayela ijeneretha ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.
Izinzuzo: 1. Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, izindleko eziphansi zokuphehla ugesi, ukuqalisa kweyunithi okusheshayo, ukulawulwa okulula. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokugeleza kwamanzi emvelo, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi kuvame ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemithombo yamanzi. Yakha uhlelo oluphelele lokusebenzisa imithombo yamanzi ngemikhumbi, i-aquaculture, ukuchelela, ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula kanye nokuvakasha. 2. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi; 1 Ukungena kwamanzi angenadamu Lapho izinga lamanzi nokugeleza komzila womfula ngesikhathi esomile kungahlangabezana nezidingo zokunisela noma ukuphakelwa kwamanzi emadolobheni, izindawo ezifanele zingakhethwa ogwini, kumiswe izakhiwo zokuthatha amanzi, futhi amanzi angaphambukiswa noma ahlinzekwe ngamandla adonsela phansi. Lolu hlobo lokusetshenziswa kwamanzi lubizwa ngokuthi i-damless water intake damless water intake project, enezici ezilula, kodwa azilawuli izinga nokugeleza kwamanzi omfula.
Izimpawu zamandla kagesi (ziyini izici zamandla kagesi)
Umthombo wamandla ngokuyinhloko ukhiqizwa amajeneretha. Njengamanje, izindlela zokuphehla ugesi emhlabeni ikakhulukazi zibandakanya ukuphehlwa kwamandla ashisayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kanye nokukhiqiza amandla enuzi ashisayo. Izinzuzo yizindleko zokwakha zangaphambi kwesikhathi eziphansi, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ozinzile, kanye nokukhiqiza unyaka wonke. Ngakho-ke, idlala indima enkulu ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni, ibalwa ngaphezu kwama-70% wawo wonke amandla okukhiqiza amandla.
Izimpawu zamandla kagesi (ziyini izici zamandla kagesi)
Izici zamandla kagesi zihlanganisa
Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla kagesi ziphansi kakhulu, futhi zinganikeza ugesi oshibhile. 3. Iyunithi yejeneretha ye-turbine yamanzi, okuyisisetshenziswa samandla esiyinhloko sokukhiqiza ugesi ngamanzi, ayisebenzi nje kuphela kodwa futhi iyaguquguquka ekusebenzeni kokuqala. Ingaqalwa ngokushesha isuka esimweni esimile futhi iqalise ukusebenza emizuzwini embalwa ukuze iqedele umsebenzi wokukhulisa noma ukwehlisa umthwalo ngemizuzwana embalwa, ukuze ivumelane nomthwalo wamandla.
1. Ngokwemvelo yomthombo wamanzi, angahlukaniswa abe iziteshi ezivamile zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi, okungukuthi, ukukhiqiza amandla emifuleni nasemachibini emvelo.
2. Ngokwezindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwenhloko yeziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu eziyisisekelo: iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ohlobo lwedamu, iziteshi zokuphehla ugesi wohlobo lwe-diversion kanye neziteshi zokuphehla ugesi oyingxubevange.
3. Ngokusho kobukhulu benhloko yokusetshenziswa kweziteshi zikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, ingahlukaniswa ibe yikhanda eliphakeme elingamamitha angama-70.
Izinzuzo zokuphehla amandla ashisayo ubuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nezidingo eziphansi zendawo yendawo. Okubi ukungcola okukhulu, intuthuko esimeme, amathemba afiphele, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi. Izinzuzo zokuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi umlando omude, izindleko eziphansi esikhathini esizayo, ukungangcoli, amandla avuselelekayo amanzi, kanye nenani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi. Okubi ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu ezimpahleni ezingashintshi, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwezwe.
1. Umgomo wokuphehla ugesi osebenza ngogesi: ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ukusebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ngamandla angaba khona ezindaweni eziphakeme njengemifula namachibi ukuze kufinyelelwe ezindaweni eziphansi, ukuguqula amandla angaba khona aqukethwe kuwo abe amandla e-kinetic we-hydraulic turbine, bese usebenzisa i-hydraulic turbine njengesisusa esiyinhloko ukushayela ijeneretha ukuze ikhiqize amandla kagesi. Sebenzisa amandla amanzi ukushayela i-hydraulic turbine ukuze ijikeleze, futhi uguqule amandla amanzi abe amandla emishini.
Okokuqala, ngokombono wezomnotho, amandla kagesi ayinzuzo eqondile kakhulu, engase futhi ithole izinzuzo eziningi zezomnotho ezingaqondile. Isibonelo, izinzuzo zezomnotho zezokuvakasha nezokuzijabulisa, i-aquaculture, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi noma ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi kungalinganiswa. Ukwengeza, kuhlanganisa nokunisela ngezolimo, ukulawulwa kwamagridi kagesi kanye namanye amanani angenakulinganiswa.
Isimiso nezici zokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi
1. Uma isivinini somoya sifinyelela kumamitha angu-15 ngomzuzwana, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kungakhushulwa ku-60000 kilowatts. Uyabona, mangakanani amandla ashibhile amagagasi angawahlinzeka ngezibani, izinsiza zokuhamba kanye nezibani zomphakathi? Ngaphezu kokugcina ukwehla okuthile, izitshalo eziphehla ugesi kanye neziphehla amandla kumele nazo zibe nokugeleza okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, enhla nesiteshi ngasinye samandla kagesi.
Izimpawu zamandla kagesi (ziyini izici zamandla kagesi)
2. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokuphehla kwamandla emanzini ukusebenzisa ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi ukuze kusetshenziswane nejeneretha ye-hydro ukukhiqiza ugesi, okungukuthi, ukusebenzisa amandla angaba khona amanzi ukuze aguqule abe amandla omshini wesondo lamanzi, bese usebenzisa amandla emishini ukushayela i-generator, ukuze ososayensi bamandla kagesi bakwazi ukuthola izimo zemvelo zalokhu kwehla kwezinga lamanzi, basebenzise ngempumelelo i-physics, ubunjiniyela nokunye.
3. 1. Sebenzisa umthamo wamanzi aphezulu ukuze ubambe amandla angaba khona ukuguqula amandla e-kinetic ukuze ushayele umguquli oyinhloko
2. Sebenzisa umzila wamanzi oqondisayo kanye ne-penstock ukuguqula amandla angaba khona omthamo wamanzi abe amandla e-kinetic
3. Indawo ekahle ye-hydraulic ikude nesikhungo sokulayisha, yinde kugesi, nezindleko eziphezulu zokudlulisa
4. Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kufinyelele ngaphezu kwama-90%
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-16-2022
