Njengemboni eyisisekelo yomnotho wezwe, imboni kagesi osebenzisa amanzi ihlobene kakhulu nentuthuko yomnotho wezwe kanye noshintsho lwesakhiwo sezimboni. Njengamanje, imboni kagesi osebenzisa amanzi eShayina isebenza ngokuqhubekayo iyonke, ngokwanda kwamandla afakiwe kagesi osebenzisa amanzi, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla okusebenzisa amanzi, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla okusebenzisa amanzi, kanye nokwehla kokukhula kwamabhizinisi ahlobene namandla okusebenzisa amanzi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke "yokulondolozwa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya", ukushintshaniswa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya sekuyinto ethandwayo eShayina, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okusebenzisa amanzi sekuyindlela yokuqala yamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi kuyisayensi nobuchwepheshe obufunda ngezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho njengokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kanye nokukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza kokuguqula ugesi wamanzi ube ugesi. Amandla amanzi asetshenziswa ugesi wamanzi ikakhulukazi amandla angaba khona agcinwe emzimbeni wamanzi. Ukuze kuguqulwe ugesi wamanzi ube ugesi, kudingeka kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziteshi zikagesi wamanzi.
Ukuqalwa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi, bese kuba ukusebenza kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi. Imboni yamandla kagesi kagesi ephakathi izoxhumanisa ugesi nemboni yegridi yamandla kagesi engezansi ukuze kufinyelelwe ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi samandla kagesi kuhlanganisa ukuhlela kokubonisana kobunjiniyela bokuqala, ukuthengwa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yesiteshi samandla kagesi kanye nokwakhiwa kokugcina. Ukwakheka kwezimboni ezindaweni eziphakathi neziphansi kulula futhi kuzinzile.
Ngokuthuthuka kokukhula komnotho waseShayina, ukuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuhlinzeka kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komnotho, ukongiwa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokukhula okuluhlaza sekuyisivumelwano sentuthuko yomnotho. Imboni yamandla kagesi ihlonishwa kakhulu ohulumeni kuzo zonke izigaba futhi isekelwa yizinqubomgomo zezimboni zikazwelonke. Umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningana ngokulandelana ukusekela intuthuko yemboni yamandla kagesi kagesi. Izinqubomgomo zezimboni ezifana noHlelo Lokuqalisa Lokuxazulula Inkinga Yokushiywa Kwamanzi, Ukushiywa Komoya kanye Nokushiywa Kokukhanya, Isaziso Sokusungula Nokuthuthukisa Indlela Yokuphepha Yokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo, kanye noHlelo Lokuqalisa Lomsebenzi Wokuphatha Umphakathi woMnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi ngo-2021 zinikeza ithuba elikhulu lemakethe lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla kagesi kagesi kanye nendawo enhle yokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwamabhizinisi.
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwemboni yamandla kagesi
Ucwaningo lwebhizinisi lubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla kagesi wamanzi afakiwe eShayina akhuphukile unyaka nonyaka, kusukela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-333 ngo-2016 kuya kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-370 ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-2.7%. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva, amandla kagesi wamanzi afakiwe eShayina azofinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-391 ngo-2021 (kufaka phakathi ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-36 zesitoreji esipompiwe), ukwanda okungu-5.6% unyaka nonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lamabhizinisi ahlobene nogesi wamanzi abhalisiwe eShayina likhuphuke ngokushesha, kusukela ngo-198000 ngo-2016 laya ku-539000 ngo-2019, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe esingu-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula kwamabhizinisi ahlobene nogesi wamanzi abhalisiwe lehla futhi lehla. Idatha yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, amabhizinisi ahlobene nogesi wamanzi aseShayina abhalise inani elingu-483000, lehle ngo-7.3% unyaka nonyaka.
Kusukela ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla afakiwe, ekupheleni kuka-2021, isifundazwe esikhulu kunazo zonke eShayina sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi yiSifundazwe saseSichuan, esinomthamo ofakiwe wama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-88.87, kulandele iSifundazwe saseYunnan, esinomthamo ofakiwe wama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-78.2; Izifundazwe zesibili kuya kweshumi yiHubei, iGuizhou, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iHunan, iFujian, iZhejiang kanye neQinghai, ezinomthamo ofakiwe osukela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-10 kuya ku-40.
Ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kukagesi, iSichuan izoba nokukhiqiza kukagesi ngamanzi okukhulu kakhulu ngo-2021, okune-353.14 billion kWh yokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi, okulinganiselwa ku-26.37%; Okwesibili, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi eYunnan kungu-271.63 billion kWh, okulinganiselwa ku-20.29%; Okwesithathu, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi eHubei kungu-153.15 billion kWh, okulinganiselwa ku-11.44%.
Ngokombono womthamo ofakiwe wemboni yamandla kagesi aseShayina, iChangjiang Electric Power iyinkampani enkulu kunazo zonke efaka amandla kagesi asemanzini. Ngo-2021, umthamo ofakiwe weChangjiang Electric Power uzoba ngaphezu kuka-11% wezwe, kanti umthamo ofakiwe wamandla kagesi asemanzini ngaphansi kwamaqembu amahlanu okukhiqiza amandla uzoba cishe ingxenye yesithathu yezwe; Ngokombono wokukhiqiza amandla kagesi asemanzini, ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla eMfuleni iYangtze kuzoba ngaphezu kuka-15%, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asemanzini kwamaqembu amahlanu okukhiqiza amandla kuzoba cishe u-20% wezwe. Ngokombono wokugxila emakethe, inani lamaqembu amahlanu okufaka amandla kagesi aseShayina kanye neYangtze Power licishe libe yisigamu sesabelo semakethe; Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asemanzini kuba ngaphezu kuka-30% wesamba sezwe, kanti ukugxilwa kwemboni kuphezulu.
Ngokusho kombiko ojulile wokuhlaziya kanye nokubikezela amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla kagesi aseShayina ngo-2022-2027 yi-China Research Institute of Industry
Imboni yamandla kagesi aseShayina ilawulwa yi-monopoly kahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu okukhiqiza ugesi, ibhizinisi lamandla kagesi aseShayina linamabhizinisi amaningi amahle kakhulu okukhiqiza ugesi. Amabhizinisi angaphandle kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu amelelwe yiYangtze Power, okuyibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke elifaka ugesi wamanzi. Ngokwesabelo samandla okufaka ugesi wamanzi, isigaba sokuncintisana semboni yamandla kagesi aseShayina singahlukaniswa cishe sibe yizigaba ezimbili, kanye namaqembu amahlanu amakhulu kanye neYangtze Power esigabeni sokuqala.
Intuthuko yemboni kagesi wamanzi
Emongweni wokufudumala komhlaba kanye nokuncipha kwamandla asetshenziswayo, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwadonsela ukunaka komphakathi wamazwe omhlaba, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo sekuyinto evunyelwene ngayo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Amandla kagesi agelezayo angamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo anobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe futhi angathuthukiswa ngezinga elikhulu. Imithombo yamandla kagesi agelezayo yaseShayina ibekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni. Ukuthuthukisa amandla kagesi agelezayo ngenkuthalo akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ashisa ukushisa, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi, kanye nokufeza intuthuko esimeme.
Ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningana zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bamandla kagesi, izinguquko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nokusebenza ngesibindi, imboni yamandla kagesi kagesi yaseShayina ifinyelele intuthuko yomlando kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, kusukela ebuthaka kuya kokuqinile, kanye nokusukela ekulandeleni kuya ekusebenzeni nasekuholeni. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amayunithi kagesi kagesi waseShayina kanye neningi labasebenzi besayensi nobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi, abathembele ekuhlakanipheni kokwenziwa, i-big data kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, baqinisekise ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nokuphepha kwedamu.
Ngesikhathi se-14th Five-Year Plan, i-China icacise isikhathi esinqunyiwe sokufeza imigomo ye-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutrality, okwenza izinhlobo eziningi zamandla zizwe ithuba kanye nengcindezi kuza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengommeleli wamandla avuselelekayo, amandla kagesi azoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi esimweni sezulu somhlaba wonke kanye nokuncipha kwamandla, kanye nesidingo sentuthuko esimeme sokwenza ngcono isakhiwo samandla.
Esikhathini esizayo, iShayina kufanele igxile kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokwakha okuhlakaniphile, ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile yamandla kagesi, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla kagesi, iqinise futhi ithuthukise amandla ahlanzekile, yandise intuthuko yamandla kagesi kagesi kanye namandla amasha, futhi ithuthukise njalo izinga lokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kokusebenza kweziteshi zamandla kagesi kagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-12-2023
