Njengemboni eyinsika eyisisekelo emnothweni kazwelonke, imboni yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi ihlobene kakhulu nokuthuthukiswa komnotho kazwelonke kanye nokushintshwa kwesakhiwo sezimboni. Njengamanje, imboni yokuphehla ugesi waseShayina isebenza kancane kancane kulo lonke, ngokukhula komthamo ofakwe ngamanzi, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwamandla ngamanzi, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali okuphehlwa ngamanzi, kanye nokwehla kokukhula kwamabhizinisi ahlobene nokuphehlwa kwamanzi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke “yokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola”, ukushintshwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa intuthu sekuyinto engokoqobo ekhethwa yiShayina, futhi ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi sekuyisinqumo sokuqala samandla avuselelekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kuyisayensi nobuchwepheshe obufunda izindaba zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho ezifana nokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela nokukhiqizwa kanye nokusebenza kokuguqula amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi abe ugesi. Amandla amanzi asetshenziswa amandla kagesi ikakhulukazi amandla angaba khona agcinwe emanzini. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi abe ugesi, kudingeka kwakhiwe izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziteshi zokuphehla ugesi.
Ukufezekiswa kokuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi kubandakanya ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, bese kuba nokusebenza kokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Imboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi izoxhumanisa amandla embonini yegridi yamandla angezansi ukuze ifinyelele ku-inthanethi. Ukwakhiwa kwesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi kubandakanya ukuhlelwa kokuqala kokubonisana ngobunjiniyela, ukuthengwa kwezinsiza ezahlukene zesiteshi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi kanye nokwakhiwa kokugcina. Ukwakhiwa kwezimboni ezimaphakathi neziphansi kulula futhi kuzinzile.
Ngokuthuthuka kokukhula komnotho waseShayina, uguquko lokuhlinzekwa kwezidingongqangi kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komnotho, ukongiwa kukagesi, ukuncishiswa kokungcola kanye nokukhula kohlaza kube yisivumelwano sokuthuthukiswa komnotho. Imboni yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi yaziswa kakhulu ohulumeni kuwo wonke amazinga futhi isekelwa izinqubomgomo zikazwelonke zezimboni. Umbuso usukhiphe izinqubomgomo eziningi ngokulandelana kwazo ukuze zisekele ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Izinqubomgomo zezimboni ezifana Nokuqaliswa Kohlelo Lokusebenza Lokuxazulula Inkinga Yokulahlwa Kwamanzi, Ukulahlwa Komoya kanye Nokulahlwa Kokukhanya, Isaziso Sokusungula Nokuthuthukisa Indlela Yokuvikela Yokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo Avuselelwe, kanye Nokuqaliswa Kohlelo Lomsebenzi Wokuphatha Womphakathi Womnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi ngo-2021 uhlinzekela imboni yokukhiqiza ugesi obanzi kanye nemakethe enhle yokukhiqiza ugesi wamanzi. amabhizinisi.
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwemboni yamandla kagesi
Uphenyo lwamabhizinisi lukhombisa ukuthi eminyakeni yakamuva, amandla e-China afakwe emanzini akhuphuka unyaka nonyaka, asuka kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-333 ngo-2016 aya kuma-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingama-370 ngo-2020, nezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka lika-2.7%. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva, umthamo ofakiwe wokuphehlwa ngamanzi e-China uzofinyelela ku-kilowatts wezigidi ezingama-391 ngo-2021 (okuhlanganisa nama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-36 wesitoreji esimpontshwa), okuwukukhula ngo-5.6% unyaka nonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lamabhizinisi ahlobene nokuphehlwa kwamanzi abhalisiwe e-China lenyuke ngokushesha, lisuka ku-198000 ngo-2016 laya ku-539000 ngo-2019, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lama-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula kwamabhizinisi ahlobene nokuphehlwa kwamanzi abhalisiwe lehla futhi lehla. Idatha yakamuva ibonisa ukuthi ngo-2021, amabhizinisi ase-China ahlobene nokuphehlwa kwamanzi abhalise isamba esingu-483000, sehle ngo-7.3% unyaka nonyaka.
Kusukela ekusabalaliseni amandla afakiwe, ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2021, isifundazwe saseShayina esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi yiSifundazwe saseSichuan, esinamandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-88.87, silandelwa yiSifundazwe saseYunnan, esinamandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-78.2; Izifundazwe zesibili kuya kweseshumi iHubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang kanye neQinghai, ezifakwe amandla asuka ku-10 kuya ku-40 million kilowatts.
Mayelana nokuphehlwa kukagesi, iSichuan izoba nesiphehlimandla esikhulu kunazo zonke esiphehlwa ngamanzi ngo-2021, esine-kWh eyizigidigidi ezingama-353.14 ophehlwa ngamanzi, okubalelwa ku-26.37%; Okwesibili, ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi e-Yunnan kungama-271.63 billion kWh, okubalelwa ku-20.29%; Okwesithathu, ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi e-Hubei yi-153.15 billion kWh, okubalelwa ku-11.44%.
Ngokombono wamandla afakiwe embonini yamandla kagesi yaseShayina, i-Changjiang Electric Power iyibhizinisi elilodwa elikhulu kunawo wonke elifakwe ugesi ngamanzi. Ngo-2021, amandla afakiwe e-Changjiang Electric Power azothatha ngaphezu kwe-11% yezwe, futhi umthamo ofakiwe wamandla ophehlwa ngamanzi ngaphansi kwamaqembu amahlanu aphehla ugesi uzothatha ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yezwe; Ngokombono wokuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi, ngowezi-2021, ukuphehlwa kukagesi eMfuleni i-Yangtze kuzoba ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-15, kanti ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi kwamaqembu amahlanu aphehla ugesi kuzobalelwa kuma-20% wezwe. Ngokombono wokugxilisa ingqondo ezimakethe, isamba samaqembu amahlanu wamandla afakwe emanzini aseShayina kanye neYangtze Power isondele kuhhafu wesabelo semakethe; Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kubalelwa ngaphezu kwama-30% engqikithi yezwe, futhi ukugxilwa kwemboni kuphezulu.
Ngokombiko wokubikezela okujulile kokuhlaziywa kanye nentuthuko yemboni kagesi yaseChina ngo-2022-2027 yi-China Research Institute of Industry.
Imboni yaseShayina kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi iphethwe nguhulumeni ozimele. Ukwengeza emaqenjini amahlanu amakhulu okuphehla ugesi, ibhizinisi laseShayina lokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi liphinde libe namabhizinisi amaningi amahle kakhulu okuphehla ugesi. Amabhizinisi angaphandle kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu amelwe yi-Yangtze Power, okuyibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke elifakwe ngogesi wamanzi. Ngokwesabelo somthamo ofakwe ngamanzi, isizinda esiqhudelanayo semboni yamandla kagesi yaseChina singahlukaniswa cishe sibe ama-echelon amabili, kube namaqembu amakhulu amahlanu kanye ne-Yangtze Power endaweni yokuqala.
Ithemba lokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi
Esimeni sokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokuncipha kwamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuye kwadonsa ukunaka komphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ukuthuthukiswa okunamandla kwamandla avuselelekayo sekuyisivumelwano sawo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. I-Hydropower ingamandla ahlanzekile futhi avuselelekayo anobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe futhi angathuthukiswa ngezinga elikhulu. Imithombo yemithombo yamandla kagesi yaseChina ihamba phambili emhlabeni. Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ngempumelelo isisi esingcolisa umoya, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukugqugquzela ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukungcola, kanye nokuzuza intuthuko esimeme.
Ngemva kwezizukulwane ezimbalwa zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bakagesi ngamanzi, izinguquko kanye nokwenza izinto ezintsha, kanye nokwenza ngesibindi, imboni yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi yaseShayina ifinyelele igxathu eliyingqophamlando ukusuka kokuncane kuye kokukhulu, ukusuka kokubuthakathaka kuye kwabanamandla, kanye nokusuka ekulandeleni ukuya ekugijimeni nasekuholeni. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, amayunithi aphehlwa ngamanzi aseShayina kanye neningi labasebenzi besayensi nobuchwepheshe baphehlwa ngamanzi, bethembele kubuhlakani bokwenziwa, idatha enkulu nobunye ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, baqinisekise ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokwakha nokuphepha kwedamu.
Ngesikhathi soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu, i-China iwubeke kwacaca umnqamulajuqu wokufeza izinjongo ze-carbon peak kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, okwenza izinhlobo eziningi zamandla zizwe ithuba kanye nengcindezi eza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengabamele amandla avuselelekayo, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi uzoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi esimweni sezulu somhlaba kanye nokuncipha kwamandla, kanye nesidingo sentuthuko esimeme sokuthuthukisa isakhiwo samandla.
Esikhathini esizayo, i-China kufanele igxile kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile obunjengokwakha ngobuhlakani, ukusebenza okukhaliphile kanye nemishini ekhaliphile yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, iqinise futhi ikhulise amandla ahlanzekile, ikhulise ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi namandla amasha, futhi ithuthukise ngokuqhubekayo izinga lokwakhiwa okukhaliphile nokuphathwa kokusebenza kweziteshi zikagesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-12-2023
