Ngokumelene nesizinda somkhankaso womhlaba wonke wezisombululo zamandla esimeme, i-Uzbekistan ikhombise amandla amakhulu emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, ikakhulukazi kugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, ngenxa yobuningi bemithombo yayo yamanzi.
Imithombo yamanzi yase-Uzbekistan inkulu, ihlanganisa izinguzunga zeqhwa, imifula, amachibi, amachibi, imifula enqamula imingcele, namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ngokwezibalo eziqondile zochwepheshe bendawo, amandla okuphehla ugesi emifuleni yezwe afinyelela ku-88.5 billion kWh ngonyaka, kanti amandla angenzeka ngobuchwepheshe angama-27.4 billion kWh ngonyaka, namandla angafakeka angaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-8 kWh. Phakathi kwalokhu, uMfula i-Pskem esiFundazweni sase-Tashkent ugqama “njengomcebo wokuphehlwa kwamanzi ngamanzi,” onamandla atholakala ngokobuchwepheshe afinyelela ku-1.324 million kW, okuhlanganisa u-45.3% wemithombo kagesi etholakalayo yase-Uzbekistan. Ukwengeza, imifula efana ne-To'polondaryo, i-Chatqol, ne-Sangardak nayo inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kwamandla ngamanzi.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi e-Uzbekistan kunomlando omude. Kusukela ngoMeyi 1, 1926, isiteshi sikagesi sokuqala esiphehlwa ngamanzi ezweni, i-Bo'zsuv GES – 1, saqala ukusebenza ngamandla afakiwe angu-4,000 kW. Isikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuphehla ugesi ezweni, iChorvoq Hydropower Plant, kancane kancane sangena ku-inthanethi phakathi kuka-1970 no-1972. Umthamo waso ofakiwe wathuthukiswa wasuka ku-620,500 kW waya ku-666,000 kW kulandela ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje. Ekupheleni kuka-2023, amandla afakwe emanzini ase-Uzbekistan esewonke afinyelele ezigidini ezingu-2.415 kW, okwenza cishe u-30% wamandla awo angenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2022, isamba sokuphehlwa kukagesi e-Uzbekistan sasingu-74.3 bhiliyoni kWh, namandla avuselelekayo anikele ngamabhiliyoni angu-6.94 kWh. Kulokhu, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi ukhiqize izigidigidi ezi-6.5 kWh, okubalelwa ku-8.75% wesamba esiphehlwa ugesi kanye nokubusa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngesabelo esingama-93.66%. Kodwa-ke, uma kubhekwa amandla ezwe atholakala ngokobuchwepheshe wokuphehla amandla kagesi angama-27.4 billion kWh ngonyaka, cishe ama-23% asetshenzisiwe, okubonisa amathuba amakhulu okukhula kulo mkhakha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Uzbekistan iphishekele ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi, yethula amaphrojekthi amaningi. NgoFebhuwari 2023, i-Uzbekhydroenergo yasayina imemorandamu yokuqondisisa (MOU) ne-Zhejiang Jinlun Electromechanical Industry yokukhiqiza imishini encane yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. NgoNhlangulana wonyaka ofanayo, kwafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni ne-China Southern Power Grid International sokuthuthukisa izizinda ezintathu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ukwengeza, ngoJulayi 2023, i-Uzbek Hydrogenergo yamemezela ithenda yokwakhiwa kwezindawo ezinhlanu ezintsha eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ezinamandla angu-46.6 MW, okulindeleke ukuthi zikhiqize izigidi eziyi-179 kWh ngonyaka ngezindleko zezigidi ezingu-106.9 zamaRandi. NgoJuni 2023, i-Uzbekistan neTajikistan ngokuhlanganyela basungula iphrojekthi yokwakha izizinda ezimbili zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi eMfuleni iZeravshan. Isigaba sokuqala sibandakanya Isikhungo Sokuphehla Amandla Wamanzi e-Yavan angu-140 MW, esidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwezigidi ezingu-$282 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sikhiqize izigidi ezingama-700–800 kWh minyaka yonke. Kuhlelelwe iplanti elandelayo engu-135 MW eMfuleni iFandarya, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okulinganiselwa ku-$270 million kanye namandla okukhiqiza ngonyaka wezigidi ezingu-500–600 kWh. NgoJuni 2024, i-Uzbekistan yethula uhlelo lwayo lokuthuthukisa ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, okuqondiswe kuwo amandla afakiwe angu-6 GW ngo-2030. Lo mkhankaso wokuzikhandla uhlanganisa kokubili ukwakhiwa kwezitshalo ezintsha kanye nemizamo yokuthuthukisa isimanje, ukuhambisana nesu elibanzi lezwe lamandla avuselelekayo okwandisa isabelo samandla aluhlaza sifinyelele ku-40% wesamba sesakhiwo samandla ngo-2030.
Ukuqhubekisela phambili umkhakha kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, uhulumeni wase-Uzbek usesebenzise izinqubomgomo ezesekayo nezinhlaka zokulawula. Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ugesi we-Hydropower zenziwe ngokusemthethweni futhi zicwengisiswe ngokuqhubekayo ukuphendula intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezitayela zomhlaba. Isibonelo, iKhabhinethi loNgqongqoshe ligunyaze “UHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Amanzi Ka-2016–2020” ngoLwezi 2015, oluchaza ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ezintsha zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Njengoba isu le-“Uzbekistan-2030″ liqhubeka, uhulumeni kulindeleke ukuthi ethule izinqubomgomo ezengeziwe kanye nomthetho ukuze ahehe ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kanye neminye imikhakha yamandla avuselelekayo. Iziteshi eziningi zikagesi zase-Uzbekistan zakhiwa ngesikhathi seSoviet kusetshenziswa izindinganiso zeSoviet. Nokho, izwe liya ngokuya lamukela izindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe ukuze lenze umkhakha wezokwakha uthuthuke ngendlela entsha ukuze uthuthukise umkhakha womhlaba wonke. amazinga, ukudala amathuba amasha okubambisana ezinkampanini zamazwe ngamazwe, kuhlanganise namafemu aseShayina, ukuze anikele ngobuchwepheshe bawo futhi asungule ubuchwepheshe babo e-Uzbekistan.
Ngokombono wokubambisana, i-China ne-Uzbekistan zinamandla amakhulu okubambisana emkhakheni ophehlwa ngamanzi. Njengoba i-Belt and Road Initiative ithuthuka, womabili la mazwe asefinyelele ukuvumelana okubanzi mayelana nokusebenzisana kwamandla. Ukwethulwa ngempumelelo kwephrojekthi kaloliwe yase-China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan kuqinisa ngokwengeziwe isisekelo sabo sokusebenzisana ngogesi ophehlwa ngamanzi. Amabhizinisi aseShayina anolwazi olunzulu ekwakhiweni kukagesi ngamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, kanye nokusungula izinto zobuchwepheshe, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile namandla ezezimali aqinile. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Uzbekistan inikeza izinsiza eziningi zamandla kagesi, indawo yenqubomgomo evumayo, kanye nesidingo esikhulu semakethe, okudala izimo ezikahle zokubambisana. Lezi zizwe ezimbili zingabambisana ngokujulile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwesikhungo sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ukuhlinzekwa kwemishini, ukudluliswa kobuchwepheshe, nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi, okugqugquzela izinzuzo ezifanayo kanye nokukhula okuhlanganyelwe.
Uma sibheka phambili, imboni kagesi yase-Uzbekistan ilindele ikusasa elithembisayo. Ngokuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi abalulekile, amandla afakiwe azoqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla kagesi wasekhaya ngenkathi futhi edala amathuba okuthunyelwa kukagesi kwamanye amazwe futhi kukhiqize izinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kuzokhuthaza ukukhula kuzo zonke izimboni ezihlobene, kukhiqize amathuba omsebenzi, futhi kuqhubekisele phambili ukuchuma komnotho wesifunda. Njengomthombo wamandla ahlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla amakhulu okuphehlwa kwamanzi kuzosiza i-Uzbekistan yehlise ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephansi, futhi kube negalelo elihle emizamweni yokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-12-2025
