I-hydropower yaseChina inomlando weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngokwemininingwane efanele, ekupheleni kukaZibandlela wezi-2009, amandla afakiwe e-Central China Power Grid kuphela asefinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-155.827. Ubudlelwano phakathi kweziteshi eziphehla ugesi kanye namagridi kagesi buye bashintsha kusukela ekufakweni nasekuphumeni kwesiteshi esisodwa samandla okuthinta ngqo ukusebenza okuzinzile kwegridi yamandla ukuya ekufakweni nasekuphumeni kweyunithi eyodwa yesiteshi esincane sokuphehla ugesi, esingenawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwegridi yamandla.
Esikhathini esedlule, imisebenzi eminingi kanye nezidingo zobuchwepheshe zeziteshi zethu zokuphehla amandla kagesi kwakungezesevisi yohlelo lukagesi. Lezi zinsizakalo azikhulisanga nje inkimbinkimbi yokulawula nokuvikela iziteshi zikagesi, kodwa futhi zandisa utshalomali kumishini nokuphatha, futhi zandisa ingcindezi yokusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha. Ngokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokuba buthaka kwendima yeziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi ohlelweni lukagesi, imisebenzi eminingi ayinakho ukubaluleka okungokoqobo futhi akufanele yenziwe iziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, futhi ibambezele ukufezeka kokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kweziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali eziteshini ezincane zokuphehla ugesi.
Ngemuva komvuthwandaba wokwakhiwa kwesiteshi esikhulu sokuphehla ugesi ngo-2003, ukuguqulwa kweziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi nakho kwaphazamiseka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuxhumana okushelelayo kanye neziteshi zokukhangisa zikagesi omncane ophehlwa ngamanzi, kunzima ukubamba ubuchwepheshe nemibono ethuthukisiwe, okuholela ekubambezelekeni kolwazi olusha embonini yonke.
Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ezinye iziteshi ezincane eziphehla ugesi wamanzi kanye nabakhiqizi baye baxoxa ngokuzenzekelayo futhi bafunda indlela yokuphatha nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bemishini eziteshini ezincane eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, babeka imibono emihle futhi benza imikhiqizo emihle, enenani eliphakeme lokuphromotha. 1. Uma uhlelo lwamandla luhluleka, isiteshi sikagesi singacabangela ukuvala shaqa ngokuqondile. Uma kukhona ukuvuza kwamanzi ku-vane yomhlahlandlela, i-valve ingavalwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchithwa kwamanzi ekusebenzeni okungalayishiwe. 2. Isici samandla sejeneretha sikhuphukele ku-0.85-0.95 ukuze kuncishiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali kujeneretha. 3. Izinto ezifakwayo zejeneretha zikhethwa njengeSigaba B ukuze kuncishiswe ukutshalwa kwezimali kujeneretha. 4. Amajeneretha angaphansi kwama-kilowatts angu-1250 angasebenzisa amayunithi ane-voltage ephansi ukuze anciphise ukutshalwa kwezimali kumajeneretha namathuluzi kagesi futhi anciphise izindleko zokusebenza nezokulungisa. 5. Yehlisa i-excitation multiple of the excitation. Yehlisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuma-excitation transformer kanye nezingxenye ezivusa amadlingozi. 6. Sebenzisa umthombo wamafutha we-high-pressure speed regulator ukuze unikeze amabhuleki nama-rotor aphezulu ngemva kokunciphisa ukucindezela. Isistimu kawoyela kanye nezinhlelo zegesi ezinomfutho ophakathi nendawo neziphansi zingakhanselwa. Yehlisa uwoyela negesi imishini yokujikeleza. 7. I-valve isebenzisa indlela yokusebenza kagesi. Yehlisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kumshini wokusebenza kwamavalvu futhi wenze lula umjikelezo wokulawula amavalvu. Yehlisa izindleko zokuphatha nezokugcina. 8. Isiteshi sikagesi esigelezayo sisebenzisa imodi yokusebenza kwezinga eliphezulu lamanzi njalo. Sebenzisa imithombo yamanzi ngempumelelo. 9. Lungiselela izingxenye ezisebenza kahle nezisezingeni eliphezulu. Qaphela ukusebenza okungenamuntu. 10. Sebenzisa amadivaysi ahlakaniphile asebenzayo futhi ahlanganiswe kakhulu ukuze unciphise ukucushwa kwemishini yesibili. 11. Khuthaza umqondo wokusebenza mahhala, ukusebenza mahhala kanye nokugcinwa kwamahhala kwemishini yesibili. Vumela ukusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi nabaphathi basebenze ngokuhloniphekile nangenjabulo. 12. Ukuqaphela ukuhlalisana kokusebenza nokugcinwa kwesiteshi sikagesi sisesimweni esihle. Ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha ukusebenza kanye nezinga lokuphatha lemboni encane yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. 13. Iyunithi ye-low-voltage isebenzisa isikrini sokuvikela esihlanganisiwe sokulawula ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okungenamuntu. 14. Iyunithi ye-low-voltage yamukela uhlobo olusha lweyunithi ye-low-voltage microcomputer i-high oil pressure automatic regulator. Ingahlinzeka ngemishini yokuzenzakalela eyisisekelo yokusebenza okungenamuntu. 15. Amayunithi aneyunithi eyodwa engaphansi kuka-10,000 kilowatts angasebenzisa imodi yokuvusa i-brushless. Imishini evusa amadlingozi ingenziwa ibe lula futhi i-excitation transformer ingakhanselwa.
1. Imitha yezinga lamanzi e-fiber optical ayishintshi, ayibonakalisi umbani futhi kulula ukuyifaka. Iwumkhiqizo oshintshwayo wemitha yezinga lamanzi wesiteshi esincane esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi. 2. Idizayini yesakhiwo ethuthukisiwe ye-microcomputer ebiza kancane yombusi wejubane likawoyela ophezulu ingaphansi kuka-30% kunohlobo olufanayo lwe-microcomputer high oil pressure governor ethengiswa emakethe ngaphansi kwesisekelo sezinkomba zobuchwepheshe ezifanayo, imisebenzi efanayo nezinto ezifanayo. 3. I-microcomputer high oil speed pressure governor yeyunithi ye-low-pressure iklanywe ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso kazwelonke zobuchwepheshe ze-microcomputer high oil pressure governor eyenzelwe amayunithi anengcindezi ephansi. Intengo ithi: 300–1000 Kg·m amandla okulawula isivinini, 30,000 kuya ku-42,000 yuan/iyunithi. Lo mkhiqizo usuphenduke umkhiqizo oshintshwayo wemishini yokulawula isivinini yamayunithi anengcindezi ephansi. Ukusebenza kwayo okunezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokuphepha kuzothatha indawo ye-manual speed governor kagesi kanye nabaqhubi abahlukahlukene bokugcina amandla abangenakho ukuvikela ukuphepha.
4. I-turbine encane entsha ye-high oil pressure governor (umkhiqizo wocwaningo okhethekile) ifanele ukusebenza nokulawula ama-hydro-generator axhumeke kugridi angalawulwa yi-frequency. Ingasetshenziswa nephaneli yokulawula edidiyelwe yeyunithi yokucindezela okuphansi noma idivayisi yokulawula ehlakaniphile yeyunithi yokucindezela okuphansi ukuze kuqaliswe ukuqaliswa okwenziwa ngesandla, ukuxhumeka kwegridi, ukukhushulwa komthwalo, ukuncishiswa komthwalo, ukuvala shaqa kanye neminye imisebenzi eceleni noma kude nomshini. Umlawuli wejubane lika-turbine udlule esikhathini sokuthuthuka, ikakhulukazi kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Eqhutshwa ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bamakhompiyutha, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuchwepheshe besimanje be-hydraulic, umbusi wejubane wenze izinguquko ezibalulekile ekwakhekeni nasekusebenzeni. Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo komthamo wegridi yamandla, umthamo wesethi yejeneretha ye-turbine eyodwa usufinyelele ku-700,000 kilowatts. Amagridi kagesi amakhulu namayunithi amakhulu anezidingo eziphakeme neziphakeme zabaphathi bejubane, futhi ubuchwepheshe bombusi wejubane nabo buthuthuka ngezinguquko kulesi sidingo. Cishe bonke ababusi bejubane lika-turbine abancane nabaphakathi bafake uhlaka olungenhla, umqondo kanye nesakhiwo. Uma ubhekene namayunithi angaphansi kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-kilowatts, konke lokhu okungenhla kubonakala kuwubukhazikhazi kakhulu. Emayunithi eziteshini zasemaphandleni aphehlwa ngamanzi, uma isakhiwo silula, izindleko zokuthenga ziyancipha, izindleko zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokunakekelwa, inqobo nje uma ukusebenza nokulawula kusebenza. Ngoba izinto ezilula zingasetshenziswa futhi zisetshenzwe yiwo wonke umuntu kungakhathalekile izinga lemfundo yakhe. Uma imishini ihluleka, kulula futhi ukukhanda. 300–1000 Kg·m amandla okulawula isivinini, inani elilinganisiwe lilinganiselwa ku-20,000 yuan/unithi.
5. Iphaneli yokulawula edidiyelwe yeyunithi ye-low-voltage Iyunithi yokulawula edidiyelwe yeyunithi ye-low-voltage yakhelwe ngokukhethekile iziteshi eziphehla ugesi wamanzi aphansi. Iphaneli yokulawula iqukethe ama-breaker generator outlet circuit breaker, izingxenye ezivusa amadlingozi, amathuluzi okulawula ahlakaniphile, amathuluzi, njll., eqaphela ukucushwa okuphelele kwezinto zokusebenza eziyinhloko nezesibili zejeneretha yokuphehla amandla amanzi ezisethwe kuphaneli eyodwa. Isikrini samukela isakhiwo esivalwe ngokugcwele esinezinga eliphezulu lokuvikela. Iphaneli yokulawula isebenza ngokugcwele futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Ilungele amasethi ejeneretha yamandla aphansi we-hydropower enamandla awodwa angaphansi kuka-1000kW. Isethi yonke yezinto zokusebenza ihlolwe ngokugcwele ngumkhiqizi futhi ingaqala ukusebenza ngemva kokufakwa endaweni, okwenza kube lula umsebenzi wokuthuma okuhlanganyelwe futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenzisa nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa. Iphaneli yokulawula edidiyelwe yeyunithi ephansi ye-voltage ihlanganisa ukulawula, ukulinganisa, ukuvikelwa kwe-generator, uhlelo lokuvusa, ukulawula isivinini sombusi, ukulawulwa okulandelanayo, ukuvumelanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-quasi-synchronization, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukukhiqiza amandla ezomnotho okuzenzakalelayo, ukulinganisa, izinsimbi zokuqapha, ukuxilongwa okuhlakaniphile, ukusebenzisana okukude, isixwayiso sokuphepha kanye neminye imisebenzi. Uhlelo lusekela imisebenzi yokuqapha nokulawula okukude, futhi ikhompuyutha yangemuva ibona ukukala nokulawula okukude (njengezinga lamanzi e-forebay nolwazi lokusebenza, njll.) kanye nemisebenzi yokuphatha yamayunithi eziteshi zikagesi ngezintambo zokuxhumana; uhlelo luphinde lube nombuzo wedatha yesikhathi sangempela, i-alamu esebenzayo yobuningi obungaphezu komkhawulo kagesi kanye nokungewona kagesi kanye noshintsho lwenani lesifunda, umbuzo womcimbi, ukukhiqizwa kombiko neminye imisebenzi. Lo mkhiqizo uwumkhiqizo omiselela weyunithi yokulawula iyunithi ye-low-voltage nesikrini sokuvikela.
6. Idivayisi ehlakaniphile yokulawula iyunithi ye-voltage ephansi Iyunithi yokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kweyunithi ye-low-voltage ihlanganisa imisebenzi emikhulu eyishumi nambili njengokulawula ukulandelana kweyunithi, ukuqapha okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlolwa kwezinga lokushisa, ukulinganisa isivinini, ukuvumelanisa okuzenzakalelayo kwe-quasi-synchronization, ukukhiqiza amandla ezomnotho okuzenzakalelayo, ukuvikelwa kwejeneretha, ukulawulwa kwenjabulo, isilawuli sesivinini, ukuxilongwa okuhlakaniphile, njll. ukuvikelwa kwe-voltage eningi kanye nephansi, ukuvikela imvamisa, ukuvikelwa kokususa uzibuthe, ukugcwala kwe-excitation, ukuvikelwa kwesivinini esikhulu, ukuvikela amandla okuhlehla, nokuvikelwa kobuningi okungekona okogesi. 7. Amayunithi anamandla amakhulu aphansi Ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwezindleko zokwakha nokuphatha iziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amajeneretha, umthamo weyunithi yeziteshi eziphehla ugesi wamanzi weyunithi engama-low-voltage ezweni lami usufinyelele ku-1,600 kilowatts, futhi ukusebenza kuhle. Inkinga yokushisisa ebesikhathazeke ngayo esikhathini esidlule ixazululwe kahle ngokuklama, ukukhetha impahla kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ifakwe isikrini esididiyelwe kanye nesilawuli sesivinini se-microcomputer, singasebenza ngokuzenzakalela ngaphandle kokuncika kuma-opharetha wekhwalithi ephezulu. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula nokulawula bufinyelele ezingeni elihlakaniphile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-27-2024
