Isingeniso kumaphaneli okulawula ama-Microcomputer ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi

Isingeniso kumaphaneli okulawula ama-Microcomputer ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi
Amaphaneli okulawula amakhompyutha amancane amelela intuthuko ebalulekile kwezobuchwepheshe ekusebenzeni nasekuphathweni kwezitshalo zamandla kagesi zanamuhla. Lezi zinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zisebenza njengohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, olwenza kube lula ukulawula okuzenzakalelayo, okunembile, nokuphumelelayo kwenqubo yonke yokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Njengoba zithatha indawo yezinhlelo zokulawula ezisekelwe ekudlulisweni kwamandla zendabuko, ziye zaba yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha, ukuthembeka, kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Imisebenzi Eyinhloko Nezici
Indima eyinhloko yephaneli yokulawula ye-microcomputer ukuqapha nokulawula izingxenye ezibalulekile zeyunithi yamandla kagesi, okuhlanganisa i-turbine, i-generator, i-governor, i-exciter, kanye nezinhlelo ezisizayo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:
Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Kusebenzisa ukulandelana okuzenzakalelayo kwemisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuqala kweyunithi, ukuvumelanisa negridi, ukulungiswa komthwalo, kanye nokuvala. Lokhu kunciphisa amaphutha omuntu futhi kuqinisekisa izinqubo ezihambisanayo.
Ukuqapha Kwangempela: Iphaneli ithola idatha njalo kunethiwekhi enkulu yezinzwa kulo lonke isitshalo. Amapharamitha afana nesivinini se-turbine, i-voltage yejeneretha kanye nogesi, izinga lokushisa elijikelezayo, ingcindezi kawoyela, kanye namazinga okudlidliza aboniswa ngesikhathi sangempela ku-Human-Machine Interface (HMI).
Ukuvikelwa kanye nama-alamu: Uhlelo lokuvikela oluhlanganisiwe luhlala luhlaziya idatha engenayo. Uma lubona noma yikuphi ukungahambi kahle (isb., ugesi odlulayo, isivinini esingaphezu kwesijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa elingaphezu kwesijwayelekile), luqala ama-alamu asheshayo kubasebenzisi futhi lungaqala ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo zokuvala ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo omkhulu wemishini.
Ukurekhoda Nokuhlaziya Idatha: Lezi zinhlelo ziqopha yonke idatha yokusebenza neyemicimbi, zidala ama-log omlando aphelele. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kokusebenza, ekulungisweni kokubikezela, ekuxazululeni izinkinga, nasekukhiqizeni imibiko.
I-Human-Machine Interface (HMI): Isibonisi sezithombe ezinemibala (isikrini sokuthinta noma esinamakhibhodi) sinikeza opharetha umbono ocacile wesimo sesitshalo. Amadayagramu amikisi, ama-trend curves, kanye nohlu lwe-alamu kuvumela ukuxhumana okulula kanye nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Izingxenye zehadiwe nesofthiwe
Iphaneli yokulawula ye-microcomputer evamile iqukethe:
Ama-Logic Controllers Ahlelekayo (ama-PLC) / Ama-PC Ezimboni: Lawa amakhompyutha aqinile ezinga lezimboni akha amayunithi okucubungula ayinhloko, enza i-control logic.
Ama-Protection Relays: Amadivayisi kagesi ahlakaniphile (ama-IED) azinikele ekuvikeleni imishini ethile efana nejeneretha noma i-transformer.
Izinzwa Nama-Transducer: Amadivayisi alinganisa amapharamitha angokwenyama (ingcindezi, izinga lokushisa, ukugeleza, izinga) bese ewaguqula abe amasignali kagesi ajwayelekile ohlelweni lokulawula.
Amamojula Okuxhumana: Vumela ukuhlanganiswa kumanethiwekhi ezitshalo abanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula nokuthola idatha (i-SCADA), okuvumela ukuqapha nokulawula okude kusuka egumbini lokulawula eliphakathi.
Izimpahla Zikagesi Ezingadingeki: Qinisekisa ukuthi kusebenza ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka noma ngabe umthombo owodwa wamandla wehluleka.
Isofthiwe isekelwe ezilimini zokuhlela ezikhethekile (njengalezo ezichazwe ku-IEC 61131-3 standard) futhi ilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa ama-algorithms athile okulawula nokuvikela eyunithi yamandla kagesi.
Izinzuzo ngaphezu kwezinhlelo ezivamile
Ukwamukelwa kwamaphaneli okulawula amakhompyutha amancane kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu:
Ukuthembeka Okuthuthukisiwe Nokuphepha: Imisebenzi yokuvikela ezenzakalelayo isabela ngokushesha kunabasebenzi abangabantu, okunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokwehluleka okubi kakhulu.
Ukusebenza Kahle Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukulawulwa okuhle kwe-turbine kanye nejenereyitha kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuphezulu phakathi kokugeleza kwamanzi okuhlukahlukene kanye nezidingo zomthwalo.
Izindleko Zokusebenza Ezincishisiwe: Ukuzenzakalela kunciphisa isidingo sokuqapha njalo ngesandla. Amakhono okulungisa okubikezelayo, ngokusekelwe ezindleleni zedatha, asiza ekugwemeni isikhathi sokungasebenzi esibizayo esingahleliwe.
Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokusabalala: I-logic yokulawula ingashintshwa kalula ngezibuyekezo zesofthiwe ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezishintshayo noma ithuthukise izinqubo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuxhuma kabusha ihadiwe.
Ukuphathwa Kwedatha Okuphelele: Ukufinyelela kalula kuyo yonke idatha yokusebenza kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile kokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwezitshalo kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Isiphetho
Amaphaneli okulawula amakhompyutha amancane ayitshe lesisekelo lezitshalo zamandla kagesi zanamuhla ezisebenzisa ikhompyutha. Ngokuhlanganisa ukuzenzekela, ukuqapha, kanye nokuvikela ohlelweni olulodwa, olusebenziseka kalula, anika amandla opharetha ukuphatha izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuzethemba. Ukuqaliswa kwawo kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekwakheni izikhungo zamandla kagesi zamanzi ezihlakaniphile, ezisebenzayo, neziqinile zegridi yamandla yesikhathi esizayo.