I-Hydropower: Omunye Wemithombo Yamandla Avuselelekayo Ethembeke Kakhulu

Esimweni soguquko lwamandla omhlaba, amandla avuselelekayo asephenduke indawo okugxilwe kuyo. Phakathi kwale mithombo, amandla kagesi agqama ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo eziningi, athatha isikhundla esibalulekile emkhakheni wezamandla.
1. Izimiso Zokuphehla Ugesi Wamanzi
Umgomo obalulekile wokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukusebenzisa umehluko emazingeni amanzi futhi uwahlanganise namajeneretha aphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi. Kalula nje, iguqula amandla anamandla amanzi abe amandla emishini bese iba amandla kagesi. Lapho amanzi amaningi egeleza esuka ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakeme aye kwezansi, amandla akhona ashayela i-turbine, yona ezungeza i-rotor ephehla ugesi, inqamule izintambo zikazibuthe ukuze ikhiqize ugesi.
Isibonelo, i-Three Gorges Hydropower Station inqamula umfula i-Yangtze ngedamu, okwenza umehluko omkhulu wezinga lamanzi. Ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamanzi kushayela izinjini zomoya, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngezinga elikhulu.
2. Izinzuzo ze-Hydropower
(1) Imvelo Evuselelekayo
Amanzi awumthombo ojikelezayo emhlabeni. Uma nje imisebe yelanga namandla adonsela phansi eMhlabeni kusekhona, umjikelezo wamanzi ngeke ume. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imithombo yamanzi esekela amandla kagesi ayiphele, ngokungafani nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi njengamalahle namafutha. Ngakho-ke, amandla kagesi ahlinzeka ngemithombo yamandla esimeme esintwini.
(2) Ihlanzekile Futhi Ayinandaba Nemvelo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi akukhiqizi isisi esibamba ukushisa noma ukukhipha izinto ezingcolisa umoya njengentuthu ne-sulphur dioxide, okubangela umthelela omncane kwezemvelo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekwehliseni ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lemvelo. Ngokuphambene, izitshalo zamandla ezisetshenziswa ngamalahle ezivamile zikhulula inani elikhulu le-carbon dioxide ngesikhathi sokusha, okwenza ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kubhebhetheke.
(3) Ukuzinza okuphezulu
Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo njengamandla elanga nawomoya, amandla kagesi awathintwa kancane ukushintshashintsha kwemvelo. Uma nje amachibi egcina amanzi anele, ukuphehlwa kukagesi kungalawulwa kancane kancane ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezihlukene zikagesi, kunikeze ukwesekwa kwamandla okuthembekile kumagridi kagesi.
(4) Izinzuzo Eziningi Eziningi
Ngale kokuphehla ugesi, amaphrojekthi kagesi ngamanzi aphinde anikeze izinzuzo ezinjengokulawula izikhukhula, ukuchelela, ukuzulazula, kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi. Isibonelo, amadamu angagcina amanzi ngezikhathi zezikhukhula, enciphisa izingozi zezikhukhula. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, bangakhulula amanzi ukuze basekele ukuchelela kwezolimo kanye nezidingo zamanzi zasendlini.
3. Isimo Samanje Sokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Amanzi
Njengamanje, amazwe amaningi emhlabeni jikelele asathuthuka futhi asebenzisa izinsiza zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi. I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu wamandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, enamaphrojekthi amakhulu afana neDamu Lemigobho Emithathu kanye neSiteshi Samandla Kagesi i-Baihetan athuthukisa kakhulu ukwakheka kwamandla kazwelonke. Emazweni ngamazwe, amazwe afana neBrazil neCanada nawo athembele kakhulu kumandla ophehlwa ngamanzi ekuxubeni kwawo kwamandla.
Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kubhekene nezinselelo ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nezikhathi ezinde zokwakha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kungase kube nomthelela ezimisweni zemvelo, njengokushintsha imvelo yasemfuleni kanye nokukhinyabeza ukufuduka kwezinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukulinganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokusimama.
4. Amathemba Ekusasa Amandla Kagesi
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kuzothuthuka. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha be-turbine kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamagridi ahlakaniphile kuzokwenza amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ahlanganiswe kangcono ohlelweni lwamandla. Ukwengeza, amaphrojekthi aphehlwa ngamanzi amancane nancane azothola ukunakwa okwengeziwe, ahlinzeke ngokuphakelwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezikude futhi asekele ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wendawo kanye nezinga lempilo.

Njengomthombo onokwethenjelwa wamandla avuselelekayo, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo zamandla, ukulwa nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho. Kufanele sandise izinzuzo zayo ngenkathi sibhekana nezinselele zayo, siqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa okusimeme nokunempilo kokuphehlwa kwamanzi.