I-Hydropower, umthombo wamandla ohlanzekile novuselelekayo, unamandla amakhulu okubhekana nezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo e-Afrika. Ngenxa yezinhlelo zalo ezinkulu zemifula, ukuhlukahluka kokuma kwendawo, nezimo zezulu ezivumayo, leli zwekazi lihlotshiswe ngemithombo kagesi ephehlwa ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwale ngcebo yemvelo, ugesi wamanzi usasetshenziswa kancane kulo lonke elase-Afrika. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsiza zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi kulo lonke izwekazi futhi sihlola amathuba entuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemithombo Yamandla Amanzi e-Afrika
Amandla kagesi wase-Afrika agxile kakhulu ezifundeni ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ezinomehluko omkhulu ekutholakaleni kwezinsiza kanye namazinga okuthuthukiswa:
E-Afrika Emaphakathi: I-Congo River Basin, okuyikhaya lomfula omkhulukazi wase-Afrika ngomthamo ophumayo, iqukethe amandla amakhulu okuphehla ugesi ngamanzi emhlabeni. I-Democratic Republic of Congo (i-DRC), ikakhulukazi, isingatha iziMpophoma ze-Inga, ezingase zisekele amandla okukhiqiza angaphezu kuka-40,000 MW uma ithuthukiswe ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, okuningi kwalokhu okungase kube khona akukasetshenziswa ngenxa yezinselelo zezepolitiki, zezimali kanye nengqalasizinda.
EMpumalanga Afrika: Amazwe anjenge-Ethiopia, Uganda, neKenya enze intuthuko ephawulekayo ekusebenziseni amandla awo aphehlwa ngamanzi. Idamu lase-Ethiopia iGrand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), elinamandla ahleliwe angaphezu kuka-6,000 MW, lingeminye yemiklamo emikhulu yengqalasizinda ezwenikazi futhi ihlose ukuguqula isimo samandla sesifunda.
ENtshonalanga Afrika: Nakuba amandla okuphehla ugesi ngamanzi aphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Afrika Emaphakathi neMpumalanga, amazwe afana neGuinea, iNigeria, neGhana ahlonze amathuba amaningi okuphehla ugesi wezinga eliphakathi nendawo. Amaphrojekthi afana ne-Mambilla Hydropower Plant yaseNigeria kanye ne-Akosombo Dam yaseGhana ayimpahla ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kukagesi esifundeni.
ENingizimu Afrika: IZambia, iMozambique, ne-Angola zinamandla amakhulu okuphehla ugesi. Idamu i-Cahora Bassa elise-Mozambique kanye neDamu iKariba eMfuleni i-Zambezi (okwabelwana ngawo yi-Zambia ne-Zimbabwe) aphakathi kweziteshi ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi e-Afrika. Nokho, isomiso esiphindelelayo siveze ubungozi ekuthembeleni kakhulu emanzini kulesi sifunda.
INyakatho ne-Afrika: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda, iNyakatho Afrika inamandla alinganiselwe okusebenzisa amanzi ngenxa yezimo ezomile kanye nezinhlelo zemifula ezinomkhawulo. Kodwa-ke, amazwe afana ne-Egypt asathembele kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amakhulu njenge-Aswan High Dam.
Amathemba Okuthuthukisa Ikusasa
Ikusasa lokuphehlwa kwamanzi e-Afrika liyathembisa, liqhutshwa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
Ukukhula Kwesidingo Samandla: Isibalo sabantu base-Afrika kulindeleke ukuthi siphindeke kabili ngonyaka wezi-2050, njengoba ukukhula kwamadolobha kanye nezimboni kubhebhezela isidingo samandla. I-Hydropower ingadlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlangabezaneni nalesi sidingo ngendlela esimeme.
Ukucatshangelwa Kwesimo Sezulu Nendawo Ezungezile: Njengoba amazwe efuna ukususa ikhabhoni emikhakheni yawo yamandla, amandla kagesi ahlinzeka ngenye indlela ekhipha intuthu ephansi esikhundleni sezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi. Iphinde igcwalise imithombo evuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile njengelanga nomoya ngokuhlinzeka ngomthwalo oyisisekelo namandla aphezulu.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesifunda: Imizamo efana ne-African Power Pool kanye nemihubhe yesifunda yamandla ihlose ukwakha amagridi axhumene. Lokhu kwenza amaphrojekthi kagesi awela umngcele asebenze kakhudlwana futhi kuvumela amandla engeziwe avela ezweni elilodwa ukusekela amanye.
Uxhaso Lwezimali Nobambiswano: Izikhungo zokuthuthukisa amazwe ngamazwe, abatshalizimali abazimele, kanye nezikhungo zamazwe ngamazwe ziya ngokuya zisekela amaphrojekthi kagesi wase-Afrika. Ukufinyelela okuthuthukisiwe kwezezimali nobuchwepheshe kusiza ukusheshisa intuthuko.
Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe: Ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengamasistimu kagesi amancane nangaphansi kwamanzi, buvumela ukufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni zasemakhaya futhi bunciphise umthelela wemvelo wamadamu amakhulu.
Izinselelo Ezingaphambili
Naphezu kombono omuhle, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi e-Afrika kubhekene nezinselelo ezimbalwa:
Izinkathazo zemvelo nezenhlalo ezihlobene nokwakhiwa kwamadamu
Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu okuthinta ukutholakala kwamanzi
Ukungazinzi kwezombusazwe kanye nezindaba zokuphatha ezifundeni ezibalulekile
Izikhala zengqalasizinda nokuxhumeka kwegridi okulinganiselwe
Isiphetho
Amandla kagesi anamandla okuba yisisekelo sekusasa lamandla esimeme e-Afrika. Ngokwenza amasu ngokuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu kanye nesabelweni, futhi ngokubhekana nezinselelo ezibalulekile ngokusebenzisana kwesifunda, ukuguqulwa kwenqubomgomo, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, i-Afrika ingavula inani eligcwele lemithombo yamanzi. Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele kanye nobudlelwano, amandla kagesi angakhanyisa amadolobha, izimboni zikagesi, futhi ilethe ugesi ezigidini ezwenikazi lonke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-28-2025
