Izitshalo zikagesi ezigeleza nge-axial, ezivame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-turbine e-Kaplan, zilungele izindawo ezinezinga eliphansi kuya kweliphakathi lokugeleza kanye nezinga elikhulu lokugeleza. Lawa ma-turbine asetshenziswa kabanzi kumaphrojekthi edamu ageleza emfuleni kanye nalawo anezinga eliphansi lokugeleza ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kwawo. Impumelelo yokufakwa kukagesi onjalo incike kakhulu emisebenzini yomphakathi eklanywe kahle futhi eyenziwe ngokucophelela, eyakha isisekelo sokusebenza kwe-turbine, ukuzinza kokusebenza, kanye nokuphepha.
1. Ukulungiswa Kwendawo Nokuphambuka Komfula
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa okukhulu, ukulungiselela indawo kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwendawo yokwakha, ukusetha imigwaqo yokufinyelela, kanye nokusungula uhlelo lokuphambukisa umfula ukuze kushintshwe indlela yamanzi futhi kudale indawo yokusebenza eyomile. Ama-Cofferdams—izindawo zokuvala zesikhashana ezakhiwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphesheya komfula—avame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa indawo yokwakha emanzini.
2. Isakhiwo Sokungenisa
Isakhiwo sokungenisa amanzi silawula ukungena kwamanzi esitshalweni sikagesi futhi siqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi okungenazinsalela, okuzinzile kuyi-turbine. Sihlanganisa izindawo zokulahla udoti, amasango, kanye nezindawo zokuhlanza indle ngezinye izikhathi. Umklamo ofanele we-hydraulic ubalulekile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-vortex, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa yikhanda, nokuvikela i-turbine ezinsaleleni ezintantayo.
3. Isiteshi se-Penstock noma i-Open Channel
Kuye ngokuhlelwa, amanzi avela endaweni yokungenisa adluliselwa ku-turbine ngama-penstock (amapayipi avaliwe) noma iziteshi ezivulekile. Emiklamo eminingi yokugeleza kwe-axial—ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezinekhanda eliphansi—kusetshenziswa indawo yokungenisa evulekile exhunywe ngqo ku-turbine. Ukuqina kwesakhiwo, ukufana kokugeleza, kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic kuyizinto ezibalulekile phakathi nalesi sigaba.
4. Isakhiwo Sendlu Yamandla
Indlu yamandla igcina iyunithi ye-turbine-generator, izinhlelo zokulawula, kanye nemishini yokusiza. Kuma-turbine e-Kaplan, avame ukufakwa phezulu, indlu yamandla kumele yakhelwe ukusekela imithwalo emikhulu ye-axial kanye namandla ashukumisayo. Ukuqina kokudlidliza, ukuvimbela amanzi, kanye nokufinyelela kalula ekunakekelweni yizici ezibalulekile zomklamo wesakhiwo.
5. Ipayipi Lokudonsa kanye Nokugoba Umsila Wesinqe
Ipayipi lokudonsa lidlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyiseleni amandla e-kinetic emanzini aphuma ku-turbine. Ipayipi lokudonsa eliklanywe kahle landisa ukusebenza kahle okuphelele. Umsele womsele wangemuva uhambisa amanzi ngokuphephile abuyele emfuleni. Zombili izakhiwo zidinga ukuma okuqondile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuxokozela nemiphumela yamanzi angemuva.
6. Igumbi Lokulawula kanye Nezakhiwo Ezisizayo
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko, imisebenzi yokwakha ihlanganisa nokwakhiwa kwamakamelo okulawula, izindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi, ama-workshop, kanye nezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza. Lezi zakhiwo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesitshalo okuthembekile kanye nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside.
7. Izinto Ezicatshangelwayo Ngezemvelo Nezobuchwepheshe Bendawo
Ukuhlolwa kwenhlabathi, ukuqina kwemithambeka, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka komhlabathi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuhlela umphakathi. Izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezifanele, izindlela zokudoba (lapho kudingeka khona), kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa insimu kusiza ekunciphiseni umthelela wephrojekthi kwezemvelo.
Ingxenye yobunjiniyela bezokwakha yesitshalo sikagesi esigeleza nge-axial iyisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwaso kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Isakhiwo ngasinye—kusukela ekungeneni kuya emjahweni wangemuva—kumele sakhiwe ngokucophelela futhi sakhiwe ukuze simelane namandla amanzi, izimo ze-geological, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi konjiniyela bezokwakha, abaphakeli bemishini kagesi ngamanzi, kanye nochwepheshe bezemvelo kubalulekile ekuletheni isisombululo sikagesi wamanzi esiphephile, esisebenzayo, nesiqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-11-2025
