Izitshalo zikagesi we-Axial-flow hydropower, ezivame ukuhlonyiswa ngama-turbine e-Kaplan, zilungele amasayithi anekhanda eliphansi ukuya elimaphakathi kanye namazinga amakhulu okugeleza. Lawa ma turbines asetshenziswa kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amadamu omfula kanye namakhanda aphansi ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuphezulu kanye nokuvumelana nezimo. Impumelelo yalokhu kufakwa kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi incike kakhulu emisebenzini yomphakathi eklanywe kahle futhi eyenziwe ngokucophelela, eyenza isisekelo sokusebenza kwezinjini zomoya, ukuzinza kokusebenza, nokuphepha.
1. Ukulungiswa Kwesiza kanye Nokuphambuka komfula
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqale noma yikuphi ukwakhiwa okukhulu, ukulungiswa kwendawo kubalulekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhuculula indawo yokwakha, ukubeka imigwaqo engenela, kanye nokusungula uhlelo lokuphambukisa umfula ukuze kuhanjiswe amanzi ngendlela eyomile nokudala indawo yokusebenza eyomile. Ama-cofferdam—izindawo ezivalekile zesikhashana ezakhiwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphesheya komfula—zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa indawo yokwakha emanzini.
2. Isakhiwo Sokuthatha
Isakhiwo sokuthatha silawula ukungena kwamanzi endaweni yokuphehla amandla futhi siqinisekisa ukugeleza okungenadoti, okuzinzile ku-turbine. Kuhlanganisa izindawo zokubeka udoti, amasango, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izindawo zokukhuculula indle. Idizayini efanele ye-hydraulic ibalulekile ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-vortex, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwekhanda, nokuvikela i-turbine emfucumfucwini entantayo.
3. I-Penstock noma i-Open Channel
Kuye ngesakhiwo, amanzi avela ekuthatheni adluliselwa ku-turbine nge-penstocks (amapayipi avaliwe) noma iziteshi ezivulekile. Emiklamo eminingi ye-axial-flow-ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezinekhanda eliphansi-ukungenisa okuvulekile okuxhunywe ngokuqondile ku-turbine kuyasetshenziswa. Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo, ukugeleza okufanayo, kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic yizinto ezibalulekile ezikhathazayo ngalesi sigaba.
4. Isakhiwo se-Powerhouse
I-powerhouse igcina iyunithi ye-turbine-generator, amasistimu okulawula, nezinto ezisizayo. Kuma-turbine e-Kaplan, avame ukufakwa ngokuqondile, indlu yamandla kumele yakhelwe ukusekela imithwalo emikhulu ye-axial namandla ashukumisayo. Ukuzinza kokudlidliza, ukuvimbela amanzi, kanye nokufinyeleleka kalula kokulungiswa kuyizici ezibalulekile zomklamo wesakhiwo.
5. I-Draft Tube ne-Tailrace
Ishubhu esalungiswa idlala indima ebalulekile ekubuyiseni amandla e-kinetic emanzini aphuma ku-turbine. Ishubhu esalungiswa eklanywe kahle yandisa ukusebenza kahle kukonke. Umzila we-tailrace udlulisela amanzi ngokuphephile emfuleni. Zombili lezi zakhiwo zidinga ukubunjwa okunembayo ukuze kuncishiswe isiphithiphithi nemiphumela yamanzi angemuva.
6. Igumbi Lokulawula kanye Nezakhiwo Ezisizayo
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo eziyinhloko, imisebenzi yomphakathi ihlanganisa nokwakhiwa kwamakamelo okulawula, izindawo zokuhlala zabasebenzi, izindawo zokusebenzela, nezinye izakhiwo zokusebenza. Lezi zikhungo ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kwezitshalo kanye nokugcinwa isikhathi eside.
7. Ukucatshangelwa kwezemvelo kanye ne-Geotechnical
Uphenyo lomhlabathi, ukuqiniswa kwemithambeka, ukulawulwa kokuguguleka komhlabathi, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zokuhlela umphakathi. Izinhlelo ezifanele zokudonsa amanzi, imigudu yokudoba izinhlanzi (lapho kudingekile), kanye nomsebenzi wokulungisa indawo kusiza ukunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wephrojekthi.
Ingxenye yobunjiniyela bomphakathi yesizinda sikagesi se-axial-flow hydro ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwaso kukonke nokuphila isikhathi eside. Isakhiwo ngasinye—kusukela ekuthathweni kuya ku-tailrace—kufanele siklanywe ngokucophelela futhi sakhiwe ukuze simelane namandla okusebenza kwamanzi, izimo zegeological, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ukusebenzisana eduze phakathi konjiniyela bomphakathi, abahlinzeki bemishini yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi, kanye nochwepheshe bezemvelo kubalulekile ekuletheni isixazululo esiphephile, esisebenza kahle, nesimeme sokuphehla ugesi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-11-2025
