I-Hydropower ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo obusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic wamanzi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Iwumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile osetshenziswa kabanzi onezinzuzo eziningi, njengokuvuselelwa kabusha, ukukhishwa okuphansi, ukuzinza nokulawula. Isimiso sokusebenza samandla kagesi sisekelwe emcabangweni olula: ukusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi ukushayela i-turbine, yona ephendulela ijeneretha ukuthi ikhiqize ugesi. Izinyathelo zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi yilezi: ukuphambukiswa kwamanzi echibini noma emfuleni, okudinga umthombo wamanzi, ngokuvamile ichibi (idamu lokwenziwa) noma umfula wemvelo, ohlinzeka ngamandla; isiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi, lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kuqondiswe emaceleni e-turbine ngokusebenzisa umzila wokuphambukisa. Umzila wokuphambukisa ungalawula ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze ulungise umthamo wokukhiqiza amandla; i-turbine iyasebenza, futhi ukugeleza kwamanzi kushaya izindwani ze-turbine, kubangele ukuthi ijikeleze. I-turbine ifana nesondo lomoya ekukhiqizeni amandla omoya; i-generator ikhiqiza ugesi, futhi ukusebenza kwe-turbine kuzungeza i-generator, ekhiqiza ugesi ngomgomo wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic; ukudluliswa kwamandla, amandla akhiqizwayo adluliselwa kugridi yamandla futhi anikezwe emadolobheni, izimboni kanye nemizi. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamandla kagesi. Ngokwemigomo yokusebenza eyahlukene kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa, ingahlukaniswa ibe ukuphehlwa kukagesi emfuleni, ukuphehlwa kwamandla echibi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle nolwandle, namandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi. I-Hydropower inezinzuzo eziningi, kodwa futhi neminye imibi. Izinzuzo ngokuyinhloko yilezi: ugesi wamanzi ungumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo. I-Hydropower incike ekuhambeni kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ivuseleleka futhi ngeke iphele; ingumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile. Amandla kagesi awakhiqizi amagesi abamba ukushisa kanye nezinto ezingcolisa umoya, futhi anomthelela omncane emvelweni; kuyalawuleka. Iziteshi zikagesi we-Hydropower zingalungiswa ngokuvumelana nesidingo ukuze zinikeze amandla ayisisekelo athembekile. Okubi okuyinhloko yilezi: amaphrojekthi amakhulu aphehlwa ngamanzi angase abangele umonakalo endaweni ezungezile, kanye nezinkinga zomphakathi ezifana nokufuduka kwabahlali kanye nokudliwa komhlaba; Ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi unqunyelwe ukutholakala kwemithombo yamanzi, futhi isomiso noma ukwehla kokugeleza kwamanzi kungase kuthinte umthamo wokuphehla ugesi.
Amandla kagesi, njengohlobo lwamandla avuselelekayo, anomlando omude. Ama-turbines amanzi akudala namasondo amanzi: Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-2 BC, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izinjini zamanzi namasondo amanzi ukushayela imishini efana nezigayo namasaha. Le mishini isebenzisa amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi ukuze isebenze. Ukufika kokuphehlwa kukagesi: Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, abantu baqala ukusebenzisa izikhungo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukuze baguqule amandla amanzi abe ugesi. Isikhungo sokuqala sikagesi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi sakhiwa eWisconsin, eU.SA ngo-1882. Ukwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu: Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, isikali samandla kagesi sakhula kakhulu ngokwakhiwa kwamadamu namadamu. Imiklamo yamadamu adumile ihlanganisa iDamu iHoover e-United States kanye neDamu le-Three Gorges eChina. Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ubuchwepheshe obuphehlwa ngamanzi buye bathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo, okuhlanganisa ukwethulwa kwezinjini zomoya, amajeneretha aphehla amanzi kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ezihlakaniphile, ezithuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi.
I-Hydropower ingumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile, ovuselelekayo, futhi uchungechunge lwezimboni zawo luhlanganisa izixhumanisi ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, kusukela ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi kuya ekudlulisweni kwamandla. Isixhumanisi sokuqala ochungechungeni lwemboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlela, ukugcinwa kanye nokusabalalisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi angahlinzekwa ngokuzinzile kuma-turbines ukuze aphehle ugesi. Ukuphathwa komthombo wamanzi ngokuvamile kudinga imingcele yokuqapha efana nemvula, isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nezinga lamanzi ukuze kwenziwe izinqumo ezifanele. Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi yesimanje nakho kugxile ekuzinzeni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amandla okukhiqiza amandla angagcinwa ngisho nasezimeni ezimbi kakhulu njengesomiso. Amadamu namadamu yizinsiza ezibalulekile embonini yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Amadamu ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa amazinga amanzi futhi enze umfutho wamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela andise amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi. Amadamu asetshenziselwa ukugcina amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele kungahlinzekwa ngesikhathi sokudingeka kakhulu. Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa kwamadamu kudingeka kubhekwe izimo zokuma komhlaba, izici zokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nomthelela wemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusimama. Ama-turbines ayizici ezibalulekile ochungechungeni lwemboni yamandla kagesi. Lapho amanzi egeleza ezingxenyeni ze-turbine, amandla ayo e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla omshini, okwenza i-turbine ijikeleze. Idizayini kanye nohlobo lwe-turbine kungakhethwa ngokuya ngesivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi, izinga lokugeleza nokuphakama ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kwamandla. Uma i-turbine iphenduka, ishayela i-generator exhunyiwe ukuze ikhiqize ugesi. Ijeneretha iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile esiguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi. Ngokuvamile, umgomo wokusebenza kwejeneretha ukunxenxa yamanje ngokusebenzisa inkambu kazibuthe ezungezayo ukuze ikhiqize isimanje esishintshanayo. Idizayini namandla ejeneretha kudingeka kunqunywe ngokuya ngesidingo samandla kanye nezici zokugeleza kwamanzi. Amandla akhiqizwa ijeneretha awamanje ashintshanayo, ngokuvamile adinga ukucutshungulwa ngesiteshi esincane. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yesiteshi esincane ihlanganisa ukwenyusa (ukukhulisa amandla kagesi ukuze kwehliswe ukulahleka kwamandla lapho amandla adluliswa) nokuguqula uhlobo lwamanje (ukuguqula i-AC ibe yi-DC noma okuphambene nalokho) ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zohlelo lokudluliswa kwamandla. Isixhumanisi sokugcina ukudluliswa kwamandla. Amandla aphehlwa yisiteshi sikagesi adluliselwa kubasebenzisi bakagesi emadolobheni, ezimbonini noma ezindaweni zasemakhaya ngezintambo zikagesi. Izintambo zokudlulisa kumele zihlelwe, ziklanywe futhi zinakekelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ugesi udluliswa ngokuphepha nangempumelelo endaweni okuyiwa kuyo. Kwezinye izindawo, amandla angase adinge ukucutshungulwa futhi ngesiteshi esincane ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zama-voltage ahlukene namafrikhwensi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-12-2024
