Iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi zohlobo lwamadamu zibhekisela kakhulu eziteshini zikagesi zamanzi ezakha izakhiwo zokugcina amanzi emifuleni ukuze zakhe amadamu okugcina amanzi, zigxilise amanzi angenayo emvelo ukuze ziphakamise amazinga amanzi, futhi zikhiqize ugesi ngokusebenzisa umehluko wekhanda. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi idamu kanye nesitshalo sikagesi samanzi kugxile engxenyeni efanayo yomfula emfushane.
Iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi zohlobo lwedamu ngokuvamile zifaka izakhiwo zokugcina amanzi, izakhiwo zokukhipha amanzi, amapayipi okucindezela, izitshalo zikagesi, ama-turbine, ama-generator, kanye nemishini ehambisanayo. Iningi lezakhiwo zokugcina amanzi ezisetshenziswa amadamu ziyiziteshi zikagesi zamanzi eziphakathi nendawo kuya kweziphakeme, kanti lezo ezisetshenziswa ngamasango ikakhulukazi ziyiziteshi zikagesi zamanzi eziphansi. Uma ikhanda lamanzi lingekho phezulu futhi umsele womfula ubanzi, isitshalo sikagesi sivame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yesakhiwo sokugcina amanzi. Lolu hlobo lwesiteshi sikagesi samanzi lwaziwa nangokuthi isiteshi sikagesi samanzi esiseceleni komfula noma isiteshi sikagesi samanzi sedamu.
Iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi zohlobo lwedamu zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ngokusekelwe endaweni ehlobene phakathi kwedamu nesitshalo sikagesi samanzi: idamu ngemuva kohlobo nohlobo lomfula. Isikhungo sikagesi sesiteshi sikagesi samanzi sohlobo lwedamu sihlelwe ohlangothini olungezansi lomzimba wedamu futhi sikhiqiza ugesi ngokuphambukisa amanzi ngamapayipi okucindezela. Isikhungo sikagesi ngokwaso asithwali ingcindezi yamanzi ephezulu. Isikhungo sikagesi, idamu, umzila ochithekayo kanye nezinye izakhiwo zesiteshi sikagesi samanzi esingaphansi komfula zonke zakhiwe ogwini lomfula futhi ziyingxenye yesakhiwo sokugcina amanzi, esithwala ingcindezi yamanzi ephezulu. Leli lungiselelo lisiza ekusindiseni utshalomali oluphelele lwephrojekthi.
Idamu lesiteshi sikagesi samanzi sohlobo lwedamu livame ukuba phezulu. Okokuqala, lisebenzisa ikhanda lamanzi aphezulu ukwandisa amandla afakiwe esiteshi sikagesi, okungazivumelanisa ngempumelelo nezidingo zokusika eziphezulu zesistimu kagesi; Okwesibili, kunamandla amakhulu okugcina amanzi angalawula ukugeleza kwamanzi okuphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe ingcindezi yokulawula izikhukhula emfuleni; Okwesithathu, izinzuzo eziphelele zibaluleke kakhulu. Ububi ukwanda kokulahlekelwa okubangelwa ukugcwala kwamanzi endaweni yesitsha kanye nobunzima bokufuduka nokuhlalisa kabusha izakhamuzi zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya. Ngakho-ke, iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi zohlobo lwedamu ezinamadamu aphezulu kanye namachibi amakhulu zivame ukwakhiwa ezindaweni ezinezintaba eziphakeme, imihosha, ukungena kwamanzi amaningi, kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi amancane.
Iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi ezinkulu kakhulu emhlabeni ezinjengamadamu ezakhiwe zigxile kakhulu eShayina, kanti iDamu iThree Gorges libekwe endaweni yokuqala ngomthamo ofakiwe ongama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-22.5. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zalo ezinkulu zokukhiqizwa kwamandla, iDamu iThree Gorges liphinde libe nezinzuzo eziphelele ekuqinisekiseni ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula, ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi ezindaweni eziphakathi nezingezansi zoMfula iYangtze, okwenza kube “ingcebo yesizwe”.
Kusukela kwiNgqungquthela Kazwelonke ye-19 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina, iShayina yakhe iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezidumile emhlabeni wonke. Ngomhlaka-28 Juni 2021, iqembu lokuqala lamayunithi eSiteshini sikagesi iBaihetan Hydropower laqala ukusebenza, elinomthamo ofakiwe ongama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-16; Ngomhlaka-29 Juni 2020, iqembu lokuqala lamayunithi eSiteshini sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower laqala ukusebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, elinomthamo ofakiwe ongama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-10.2. Lezi ziteshi ezimbili zikagesi, kanye neziteshi zikagesi iXiluodu, iXiangjiaba, iThree Gorges, kanye neziteshi zikagesi iGezhouba, zakha umzila wamandla ahlanzekile omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, onekhono elifakiwe elingama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-71.695, okubalwa cishe u-20% wamandla kagesi afakiwe eShayina. Zinikeza isithiyo esithembekile sokuphepha kokulawula izikhukhula, ukuphepha kokuthutha, ukuphepha kwemvelo, ukuphepha kwemithombo yamanzi, kanye nokuphepha kwamandla eSitsheni Somfula iYangtze.
Umbiko weNgqungquthela Kazwelonke yama-20 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina uphakamise ukukhuthaza ngenkuthalo nangokuqhubekayo ukuphakama kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi kanye nokwakhiwa kwawo kuzoletha amathuba amasha entuthuko, kanti amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi nawo azodlala indima “yesisekelo” ekuguqulweni kwamandla kanye nentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-22-2024
