Ama-turbine kaFrancis ayisici esibalulekile sezitshalo zamandla kagesi, edlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla ahlanzekile navuselelekayo. Lawa ma-turbine aqanjwe ngomsunguli wawo, uJames B. Francis, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kwamandla kagesi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile kanye nokubaluleka kwezitshalo zamandla kagesi kaFrancis emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamandla okusimeme.
Ukwakheka kukaFrancis Turbines
Ama-turbine e-Francis awuhlobo lwe-turbine yamanzi eklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zekhanda le-hydraulic eziphakathi nendawo kuya kweziphezulu, ngokuvamile kusukela kumamitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-700. Umklamo wawo uhlanganisa izingxenye zokugeleza kwe-radial kanye ne-axial, okwenza kube lula ukuguquguquka emazingeni ahlukahlukene okugeleza kwamanzi.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-turbine kaFrancis siqukethe izinto eziningana ezibalulekile:
Umgijimi: Lena yinhliziyo ye-turbine, lapho amanzi angena khona futhi axhumane nama-blade ukuze akhiqize amandla omshini. Umgijimi unezinsika ezigobile eziklanyelwe ukusebenzisa kahle amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi.
I-Spiral Casing: I-spiral casing iqondisa amanzi aye kumgijimi ngokulahlekelwa amandla amancane. Isiza ukugcina ukugeleza okuzinzile kanye nokucindezela njengoba amanzi engena ku-turbine.
Ipayipi Lokudonsa: Ngemva kokudlula epayipini, amanzi aphuma ngepayipi lokudonsa, okusiza ekunciphiseni ijubane lokuphuma kanye nengcindezi, okwandisa ukukhishwa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kukaFrancis Turbines
Ukusebenza kwama-turbine kaFrancis kusekelwe esimisweni sokuguqula amandla angaba khona amanzi awelayo abe amandla omshini, abese eguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. Nasi isifinyezo esilula sendlela asebenza ngayo:
Ukungenisa Amanzi: Amanzi anomfutho ophezulu aqondiswa ekhasejini elijikelezayo, lapho angena khona emugqeni.
Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla: Njengoba amanzi egeleza kumgijimi, ashaya ama-blade agobile, okwenza umgijimi ajikeleze. Lokhu kunyakaza kokujikeleza kuguqula amandla e-kinetic amanzi abe amandla omshini.
Amandla Kagesi Asuka Kukagesi Kuya Kukagesi: Isigijimi esijikelezayo sixhunywe kujeneretha, eguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla kagesi ngezimiso zokungeniswa kukagesi.
Ukukhiqizwa Kwamandla: Amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo abe esefakwa kugridi yamandla ukuze asakazwe emakhaya nasezimbonini.
Izinzuzo Zezitshalo Zikagesi Ze-Francis Turbine
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-turbine zikaFrancis zinikeza izinzuzo eziningana:
Ukusebenza kahle: Zisebenza kahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, okwenza zifaneleke kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene kagesi wamanzi.
Ukuguquguquka: Ama-turbine e-Francis angazivumelanisa nezimo zokugeleza kwamanzi ezishintshashintshayo futhi ayakwazi ukusingatha kokubili ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kanye nokuphezulu.
Amandla Ahlanzekile: Amandla kagesi avuselelwa ngamanzi futhi akhiqiza ukukhishwa okuncane kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okufaka isandla ekusaseni lamandla eliqhubekayo.
Ukuthembeka: Lawa ma-turbine ayaziwa ngokuqina kwawo kanye nokuphila kwawo isikhathi eside, ngokuvamile adlula amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Isiphetho
Izitshalo zikagesi ze-Francis turbine ziwubufakazi bokusungula izinto ezintsha kwabantu ekusebenziseni amandla amanzi agelezayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ohlanzekile. Zidlala indima ebalulekile ekushintsheleni emithonjeni yamandla esimeme, zihlinzeka ngesisombululo esithembekile nesinobungani nemvelo sokuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo emhlabeni. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola izindlela ezihlanzekile nezisebenza kahle zokukhiqiza ugesi, ama-Francis turbine ahlala eyitshe lesisekelo lokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-28-2023
