Ama-turbines kaFrancis ayingxenye ebalulekile yezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamanzi, adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni amandla ahlanzekile navuselelekayo. Lawa ma turbines aqanjwe ngomsunguli wawo, u-James B. Francis, futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni okuhlukahlukene kokuphehla amandla ngamanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izici ezibalulekile kanye nokubaluleka kwezitshalo zamandla ka-Francis turbine endaweni yokukhiqiza amandla esimeme.
I-Anatomy kaFrancis Turbines
Ama-turbines kaFrancis awuhlobo lwe-turbine yamanzi eklanyelwe ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwezimo zekhanda le-hydraulic ephakeme eliphakathi nendawo, ngokuvamile elisukela kumamitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-700. Idizayini yabo ihlanganisa kokubili izingxenye zokugeleza kwe-radial kanye ne-axial, okuzenza ziguquguquke ezinhlobonhlobo zamazinga okugeleza kwamanzi.
Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-turbine kaFrancis siqukethe izinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:
Umgijimi: Lena inhliziyo ye-turbine, lapho amanzi engena futhi axhumane nama-blades ukuze akhiqize amandla omshini. Umgijimi unochungechunge lwama-curved blades aklanyelwe ukusebenzisa kahle amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi.
I-Spiral Casing: I-spiral casing iqondisa amanzi kumgijimi alahlekelwe amandla amancane. Isiza ukugcina ukugeleza okuzinzile nokucindezela njengoba amanzi engena ku-turbine.
I-Draft Tube: Ngemva kokudlula kumgijimi, amanzi aphuma ngeshubhu esalungiswa, esiza ekwehliseni isivinini sokuphuma nokucindezela, akhulise ukukhishwa kwamandla.
Ukusebenza kukaFrancis Turbines
Ukusebenza kwama-turbines kaFrancis kusekelwe kumgomo wokuguqula amandla angaba khona amanzi awelayo abe amandla emishini, abese eguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. Nakhu ukubuka konke okwenziwe lula kokuthi asebenza kanjani:
Ukungena kwamanzi: Amanzi anengcindezi ephezulu aqondiswe ku-spiral casing, lapho engena khona umgijimi.
Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla: Njengoba amanzi egeleza kumgijimi, ashaya izindwani ezigobile, okwenza umgijimi ajikeleze. Lokhu kunyakaza okuzungezayo kuguqula amandla e-kinetic wamanzi abe amandla emishini.
Amandla kagesi kuya kuMechanical: Umgijimi ojikelezayo uxhunywe kujeneretha, eguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi ngezimiso zokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.
Ukukhiqiza Amandla: Amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo abe esefakwa kugridi yamandla ukuze ahanjiswe ezindlini nasezimbonini.
Izinzuzo ze-Francis Turbine Power Plants
Izitshalo zamandla kaFrancis turbine zinikeza izinzuzo ezimbalwa:
Ukusebenza kahle: Basebenza kahle kakhulu kuzo zonke izimo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene, okubenza bafanelekele amaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene kagesi wamanzi.
Ukuguquguquka: Ama-turbines kaFrancis angakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokushintsha amazinga okugeleza kwamanzi futhi ayakwazi ukuphatha izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphansi neziphezulu.
Amandla Ahlanzekile: Amandla kagesi avuselelwa kabusha futhi akhiqiza ukukhishwa okuncane kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okunikela ekusaseni lamandla esimeme.
Ukuthembeka: Lawa ma turbines aziwa ngokuhlala kwawo kanye nempilo ende yesevisi, ngokuvamile edlula amashumi eminyaka ambalwa.
Isiphetho
Izitshalo zamandla kagesi eziphehla ugesi zikaFrancis zime njengobufakazi bokuqanjwa kabusha kwabantu ekusebenziseni amandla amanzi agelezayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ohlanzekile. Badlala indima ebalulekile ekuguqukeleni emithonjeni yamandla esimeme, behlinzeka ngesixazululo esinokwethenjelwa nesivumelana nemvelo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla ezikhulayo zomhlaba. Njengoba siqhubeka nokuhlola izindlela ezihlanzekile nezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ugesi, izinjini zomoya zaseFrancis zisalokhu ziyisisekelo sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-28-2023
