1, Umphumela wejeneretha yamasondo uyancipha
(1) Imbangela
Ngaphansi kwesimo sekhanda lamanzi elingaguquki, lapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane sekufinyelele ekuvulekeni okungenamthwalo, kodwa i-turbine ingakafiki esivinini esilinganisiwe, noma lapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kukhushulwe kunokwasekuqaleni ngokukhipha okufanayo, kubhekwa ukuthi umphumela weyunithi unciphile. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokwehla komkhiqizo yilezi ezilandelayo: 1. Ukulahleka kokugeleza kwe-hydraulic turbine; 2. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic turbine hydraulic; 3. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic turbine ngomshini.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kweyunithi noma ukuvala, ukujula okucwiliswe yi-draft tube akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-300mm (ngaphandle kwe-implifier turbine). 2. Naka ukungena kwamanzi noma ukuphuma kwawo ukuze ugcine ukugeleza kwamanzi kulinganisela futhi kubushelelezi. 3. Gcina i-runner isebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, bese umisa umshini ukuze uhlolwe futhi uphathwe uma kwenzeka umsindo. 4. Kwi-axial-flow fixed blade turbine, uma ukuphuma kweyunithi kwehla ngokuzumayo futhi ukudlidliza kukhula, kufanele kuvalwe ngokushesha ukuze kuhlolwe.
2, izinga lokushisa lephedi yokuthwala iyunithi likhuphuka kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-bearing zama-hydraulic turbines: i-guide bearing kanye ne-thrust bearing. Izimo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-bearing ukufakwa okulungile, ukugcotshwa okuhle kanye nokuhlinzekwa okuvamile kwamanzi okupholisa. Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezintathu zokugcoba: ukugcotshwa kwamanzi, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha amancane kanye nokugcotshwa okomile. Izizathu zokwenyuka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kwe-shaft yilezi ezilandelayo: okokuqala, ikhwalithi yokufaka i-bearing ayilungile noma i-bearing igugile; Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kohlelo lwamafutha okugcoba; Okwesithathu, ilebula lamafutha okugcoba alihambisani noma ikhwalithi yamafutha ayilungile; 4. Ukwehluleka kohlelo lwamanzi okupholisa; 5. Iyunithi iyadlidliza ngenxa yesizathu esithile; Okwesithupha, izinga lamafutha e-bearing liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuza kwamafutha.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Kuma-bearing agcotshwe ngamanzi, amanzi okugcoba kufanele ahlungwe ngokuqinile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yamanzi. Amanzi akufanele aqukathe inani elikhulu le-sediment nezinto zamafutha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguguleka kwama-bearing kanye nokuguga kwerabha.
2. Ama-bearings agcotshwe ngamafutha amancane ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukuzijikelezisa ngokwawo. Ama-slingers kawoyela nama-thrust disc asetshenziswa. Uwoyela unikezwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuzungeza kweyunithi. Nakisisa isimo sokusebenza se-oil slinger. I-oil slinger ayivunyelwe ukubanjwa. Isimo sokuhlinzekwa kawoyela se-thrust disc kanye nezinga likawoyela lethangi likawoyela leposi kufanele kuqinisekiswe.
3. Gcoba i-bearing ngamafutha omile. Qaphela ukuthi incazelo yamafutha omile iyahambisana yini namafutha omile nokuthi ikhwalithi yamafutha ilungile yini. Faka uwoyela njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhala se-bearing singu-1/3 ~ 2/5.
4. Amadivayisi okuvala ama-bearings namapayipi amanzi okupholisa asesimweni esihle ukuvimbela amanzi acindezelwe kanye nothuli ukuthi lungangeni kuma-bearings futhi lonakalise ukugcotshwa okuvamile kwama-bearings.
5. Ukuvunyelwa kokufakwa kwebhereyitha yokugcoba kuhlobene nokucindezela kweyunithi yesihlahla sokuthwala, isivinini sokujikeleza esiqondile, imodi yokugcoba, i-viscosity kawoyela, ukucubungula izingxenye, ukunemba kokufakwa kanye nokudlidliza kweyunithi.
3, Ukudlidliza kweyunithi
(1) Ukudlidliza komshini, ukudlidliza okubangelwa yizizathu zomshini.
isizathu; Okokuqala, i-hydraulic turbine ithambekele; Okwesibili, isikhungo se-axis se-turbine kanye ne-generator asiqondanisiwe futhi ukuxhumana akukuhle; Okwesithathu, i-bearing inephutha noma ukulungiswa kwe-clearance akufanelekile, ikakhulukazi i-clearance inkulu kakhulu; 4. Ukungqubuzana nokushayisana phakathi kwezingxenye ezijikelezayo nezingxenye ezimile
（2） Ukudlidliza kwe-hydraulic, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ukungalingani kokugeleza kwamanzi ku-runner
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-guide vane yonakele futhi amabhawodi aphukile, okwaholela ekuvulekeni okungalingani kwe-guide vane kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi okungalingani nxazonke kwe-runner; Okwesibili, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ku-volute noma i-runner ivinjwe yizinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuze ukugeleza kwamanzi nxazonke kwe-runner kungalingani; Okwesithathu, ukugeleza kwamanzi epayipini lokudonsa amanzi akuzinzile, okubangela izinguquko eziqhubekayo ekucindezelweni kwamanzi epayipini lokudonsa amanzi, noma umoya ungena ekhesini elijikelezayo le-hydraulic turbine, okubangela ukudlidliza kweyunithi kanye nokuduma kokugeleza kwamanzi.
（3） Ukudlidliza kukagesi kubhekisela ekudlidlizeni kweyunithi okubangelwa ukungalingani noma ushintsho oluzumayo lwenani likagesi.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ugesi wesigaba sesithathu wejenereyitha awulingani kakhulu. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwamanje, amandla kagesi wesigaba sesithathu awalingani; Okwesibili, ushintsho olusheshayo lwamandla kagesi olubangelwa ingozi kagesi lwenza ijubane lejenereyitha ne-turbine lingakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha; Okwesithathu, igebe phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor alilingani, okubangela ukungazinzi kwensimu kazibuthe ejikelezayo.
（4） Ukudlidliza kwe-cavitation, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ukudlidliza kwe-cavitation.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukungalingani kwe-hydraulic, okuthi ubukhulu bayo buyanda ngokwanda kokugeleza; Okwesibili ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukungalingani okubangelwa isisindo esingavamile somgijimi, ukuxhumana okungekuhle kweyunithi kanye nobukhulu bayo, kanye nobukhulu bayo buyanda ngokwanda kwesivinini esijikelezayo; Okwesithathu ukudlidliza okubangelwa ubuso bukagesi. Ubukhulu bayo buyanda ngokwanda komsinga wokucindezela. Lapho ukudlidliza kususwa, ukudlidliza kunganyamalala; Okwesine ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation. Ubukhulu bayo buhlobene nomthwalo wesifunda, ngezinye izikhathi ophazamisekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi odlame. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunomsindo ongqongqozayo epayipini lokudonsa, futhi kungase kube khona into ejikayo kumitha ye-vacuum.
4, izinga lokushisa lephedi yokuthwala iyunithi liyakhuphuka futhi liphezulu kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
1. Izizathu zokulungisa nokufaka: ukuvuza kwesitsha sikawoyela, indawo yokufaka ishubhu le-pitot ayilungile, igebe lethayela alihlangabezani nezidingo, kanye nokudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ikhwalithi yokufaka akuvamile;
2. Izizathu zokusebenza: ukusebenza endaweni yokudlidliza, ukwehluleka ukwengeza uwoyela ngesikhathi ngenxa yekhwalithi kawoyela othwalayo engajwayelekile kanye nezinga likawoyela, ukwehluleka ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okupholisa kanye nomthamo wamanzi owanele, okuholela ekusebenzeni komshini isikhathi eside ngesivinini esiphansi.
(2) Ukucubungula
1. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuthwala likhuphuka, qala uhlole uwoyela wokugcoba, bese ufaka noma uthinte ngesikhathi ukuze ufake uwoyela esikhundleni sawo; Lungisa ingcindezi yamanzi apholile noma ushintshe imodi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi; Hlola ukuthi ukudlidliza kweyunithi kudlula yini izinga elijwayelekile. Uma ukudlidliza kungenakuqedwa, iyunithi kufanele ivalwe;
2. Uma kwenzeka indawo yokukhipha ugesi ivikelwe izinga lokushisa, qapha ukuthi ukuvala kujwayelekile yini, bese uhlola ukuthi isihlahla esithwalayo sishisiwe yini. Uma isihlahla sesishisiwe, sishintshe ngesinye esisha noma usigaye futhi.
5, ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini
Uma ukuvulwa kwe-governtor kuvaliwe ngokuphelele, i-runner ayikwazi ukuma kuze kube yilapho ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane kungakwazi ukulawulwa ngempumelelo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwesivinini. Izizathu: okokuqala, uxhumano lwe-guide vane lugobile, olungakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo ukuvulwa kwe-guide vane, okuholela ekutheni i-guide vane ingakwazi ukuvalwa futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukumiswa. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye amayunithi amancane awanazo izisetshenziswa zokubhuleka, futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukuma isikhashana ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungacabangi ngephutha ukuthi ayikavalwa. Uma uqhubeka nokuvala i-guide vane, induku yokuxhuma izogobeka. Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kokulawulwa kwesivinini kubangelwa ukwehluleka kwe-othomathikhi ye-governtor. Uma kwenzeka ukusebenza okungajwayelekile kweyunithi ye-water turbine, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka inkinga ekusebenzeni okuphephile kweyunithi, zama ukumisa umshini ngokushesha ukuze welashwe. Ukusebenza ngokungathandi kuzokwandisa iphutha kuphela. Uma i-governtor yehluleka futhi indlela yokuvula i-guide vane ingakwazi ukuma, i-valve eyinhloko ye-turbine kufanele isetshenziselwe ukusika ukugeleza kwamanzi ku-turbine.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha: 1. Hlanza njalo izinhlobo ezahlukene zendlela yokuqondisa amanzi, uyigcine ihlanzekile, futhi ugcwalise njalo ingxenye enyakazayo ngophethiloli; 2. Ama-racks kadoti kumele abekwe endaweni yokungena futhi ahlelwe njalo; 3. Ukuze i-hydraulic turbine isebenzise noma iyiphi idivayisi yemoto, naka ukufaka ama-brake pad ngesikhathi esifanele bese ufaka uwoyela wama-brake.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-28-2022
