1. Okukhiphayo kwejeneretha yamasondo kuyehla
(1) Imbangela
Ngaphansi kwesimo sekhanda lamanzi elingaguquki, lapho ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide sekufinyelele ekuvuleni okungalayishiwe, kodwa i-turbine ayizange ifinyelele isivinini esilinganiselwe, noma lapho ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide kunyuswa kunokuqala ekuphumeni okufanayo, kubhekwa ukuthi okukhiphayo kweyunithi kuyehlile. Izizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha komkhiqizo yilezi ezilandelayo: 1. Ukulahleka kokugeleza kwe-hydraulic turbine; 2. Ukulahleka kwe-hydraulic turbine ye-hydraulic; 3. Ukulahlekelwa ngumshini we-hydraulic turbine.
(2) Iyacubungula
1. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kweyunithi noma ukuvala shaqa, ukujula okungaphansi kwamanzi kweshubhu esalungiswa akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-300mm (ngaphandle kwe-impulse turbine). 2. Naka ukungena kwamanzi noma ukuphuma ukuze ugcine ukugeleza kwamanzi kulinganisele futhi kubushelelezi. 3. Gcina umgijimi egijima ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, futhi umise umshini ukuze uhlolwe futhi welashwe uma kuba nomsindo. 4. Nge-axial-flow fixed blade turbine, uma okokukhiphayo kweyunithi kwehla ngokuzumayo futhi nokudlidliza kuqina, izovalwa ngokushesha ukuze ihlolwe.
I-2, izinga lokushisa lephedi eliphethe iyunithi likhuphuka kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-bearing ama-hydraulic turbines: i-guide bear kanye ne-thrust bear. Izimo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe- bearing ukufakwa okulungile, ukugcotshwa okuhle kanye nokunikezwa okujwayelekile kwamanzi okupholisa. Ngokuvamile kunezindlela ezintathu zokugcoba: ukugcoba ngamanzi, ukugcotshwa kwamafutha amancane kanye nokugcoba okomile. Izizathu zokukhuphuka okubukhali kokushisa kwe-shaft zimi kanje: okokuqala, ikhwalithi yokufaka i-bearing impofu noma ukuthwala kugqokwe; Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kwesistimu kawoyela wokugcoba; Okwesithathu, ilebula yamafutha okugcoba ayihambisani noma izinga likawoyela liphansi; 4. Ukuhluleka kwesistimu yamanzi okupholisa; 5. Iyunithi iyadlidliza ngenxa yesizathu esithile; Okwesithupha, izinga likawoyela le-bearing liphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokuvuza kwamafutha.
(2) Iyacubungula
1. Ngama-bearings agcotshiwe amanzi, amanzi okugcoba kufanele ahlungwe ngokuqinile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Amanzi akufanele aqukathe inani elikhulu le-sediment kanye nezinto zamafutha ukuze kuncishiswe ukuguga kwama-bearings kanye nokuguga kwerabha.
2. Ama-bearings agcotshisiwe kawoyela azacile ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukuzijikeleza kwawo. Kusetshenziswa ama-slingers kawoyela nama-thrust disc. Amafutha ahlinzekwa ngokuzenzakalelayo ngokuzungezisa iyunithi. Naka kakhulu isimo sokusebenza se-oil slinger. Isihlilingi samafutha asivunyelwe ukuba sibhajwe. Isimo sokunikezwa kukawoyela kwe-thrust disc kanye nezinga likawoyela lethangi likawoyela leposi kuzoqinisekiswa.
3. Gcoba ukuthwala ngamafutha omile. Naka ukuthi ukucaciswa kwamafutha omile kuyahambisana yini namafutha athwalayo nokuthi izinga likawoyela lihle yini. Engeza amafutha njalo ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi imvume yokufaka i-1/3 ~ 2/5.
4. Imishini yokuvala ama-bearings namapayipi amanzi okupholisa asesimweni esihle ukuvimbela amanzi acindezelwe kanye nothuli ekungeneni kuma-bearings futhi kulimaze ukuthambisa okuvamile kwama-bearings.
5. Ukuvunyelwa kokufakwa kwe-lubricating bearing kuhlobene nokucindezela kweyunithi ye-bearing bush, isivinini esiqondile sokujikeleza, imodi yokugcoba, i-viscosity yamafutha, ukucubungula ingxenye, ukunemba kokufaka nokudlidliza kweyunithi.
3, Ukudlidliza kweyunithi
(1) Ukudlidliza komshini, ukudlidliza okubangelwa izizathu zemishini.
isizathu; Okokuqala, i-hydraulic turbine ichemile; Okwesibili, isikhungo se-axis se-turbine kanye nejeneretha akuhambisani futhi ukuxhumana akukuhle; Okwesithathu, ukuthwala akulungile noma ukulungiswa kwemvume akulungile, ikakhulukazi imvume inkulu kakhulu; 4. Ukungqubuzana nokushayisana phakathi kwezingxenye eziphendukayo nezingxenye ezimile
(2) Ukudlidliza kwe-hydraulic, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa ukungalingani kokugeleza kwamanzi kumgijimi
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-vane yomhlahlandlela yonakalisiwe futhi amabhawodi aphuka, okuholele ekuvulekeni okungalingani kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi angalingani azungeze umgijimi; Okwesibili, kukhona ama-sundries ku-volute noma umgijimi uvinjelwe ama-sundries, ukuze ukugeleza kwamanzi azungeze umgijimi kungalingani; Okwesithathu, ukugeleza kwamanzi kushubhu okusalungiswa akuzinzile, okubangela izinguquko ngezikhathi ezithile kumfutho wamanzi weshubhu esalungiswa, noma umoya ungena endaweni eyisiyingi ye-hydraulic turbine, okubangela ukudlidliza kweyunithi nokuduma kokugeleza kwamanzi.
(3) Ukudlidliza kukagesi kubhekisela ekudlidlizeni kweyunithi okubangelwa ukungalingani noma ukushintsha okungazelelwe komthamo kagesi.
Izizathu: okokuqala, i-current yezigaba ezintathu ze-generator ayilingani kakhulu. Ngenxa yokungalingani kwamanje, amandla kazibuthe ezigaba ezintathu awalingani; Okwesibili, ukushintshwa okusheshayo kwamandla okubangelwa ingozi kagesi kwenza isivinini se-generator ne-turbine singakwazi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha; Okwesithathu, igebe phakathi kwe-stator ne-rotor alilingani, okubangela ukungazinzi kwensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo.
(4) Ukudlidliza kwe-Cavitation, ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa i-cavitation.
Izizathu: okokuqala, ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukungalingani kwe-hydraulic, i-amplitude yayo ikhula ngokunyuka kokugeleza; Okwesibili ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukungalingani okubangelwa isisindo se-eccentric somgijimi, ukuxhumeka okungalungile kweyunithi kanye ne-eccentricity, futhi i-amplitude iyanda ngokunyuka kwejubane elijikelezayo; Okwesithathu ukudlidliza okubangelwa indawo kagesi. I-amplitude iyanda ngokukhula kwe-excitation current. Lapho isasasa lisusiwe, ukudlidliza kunganyamalala; Okwesine ukudlidliza okubangelwa ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation. I-amplitude yayo ihlobene nomthwalo wesifunda, ngezinye izikhathi uphazamiseka futhi ngezinye izikhathi ubudlova. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunomsindo ongqongqozayo ku-tube yokusalungiswa, futhi kungase kube khona into eguqukayo kumitha ye-vacuum.
I-4, izinga lokushisa lephedi elineyunithi liyakhuphuka futhi liphezulu kakhulu
(1) Imbangela
1. Izizathu zokulondoloza nokufaka: ukuvuza komcengezi kawoyela, indawo yokufaka ishubhu le-pitot ayilungile, igebe lamathayela alihlangabezani nezidingo, futhi ukudlidliza kweyunithi okubangelwa izinga lokufaka akujwayelekile;
2. Izizathu zokusebenza: ukusebenza endaweni yokudlidliza, ukwehluleka ukungeza uwoyela ngesikhathi ngenxa yezinga likawoyela ophethe okungavamile kanye nezinga likawoyela, ukwehluleka ukubona ukuphazamiseka kwamanzi okupholisa kanye nomthamo wamanzi onganele, okuholela ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwejubane eliphansi lomshini.
(2) Iyacubungula
1. Lapho izinga lokushisa elithwalayo likhuphuka, qala uhlole amafutha okugcoba, bese wengeza ngesikhathi esifanele noma uthinte ukuze ushintshe uwoyela; Lungisa umfutho wamanzi okupholisa noma shintsha imodi yokuphakela amanzi; Hlola ukuthi ukudlidliza kweyunithi kuyaweqa yini izinga. Uma ukudlidliza kungenakuqedwa, iyunithi izovalwa;
2. Uma kuphuma indawo yokuvikela izinga lokushisa, qapha ukuthi ukuvala shaqa kujwayelekile yini, futhi uhlole ukuthi isihlahla esithwalayo sishile yini. Uma iBush selishisiwe, esikhundleni salo ufake esisha noma usigaye futhi.
5. Ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini
Lapho ukuvulwa kombusi kuvalwe ngokugcwele, umgijimi akakwazi ukuma kuze kube yilapho ukuvulwa kwe-vane ye-guide kungakwazi ukulawulwa ngokuphumelelayo, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini. Izizathu: okokuqala, uxhumano lwe-vane ye-guide igobile, engakwazi ukulawula ngokuphumelelayo ukuvulwa kwe-vane yomhlahlandlela, okuholela ekutheni i-vane yomhlahlandlela ayikwazi ukuvalwa futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukumiswa. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi amanye amayunithi amancane awanawo amadivaysi okubhuleka, futhi iyunithi ayikwazi ukuma isikhashana ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungacabangi ngephutha ukuthi ayikavalwa. Uma uqhubeka nokuvala i-vane yomhlahlandlela, induku yokuxhuma izogoba. Okwesibili, ukwehluleka kokulawula isivinini kubangelwa ukwehluleka kombusi ozenzakalelayo. Esimeni sokusebenza okungavamile kweyunithi ye-turbine yamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka kuba nenkinga ekusebenzeni okuphephile kweyunithi, zama ukumisa umshini ngokushesha ukuze ulashwe. Ukugijima ngokunqikaza kuzokhulisa iphutha kuphela. Uma umbusi ehluleka futhi indlela yokuvula i-vane yegayidi ingakwazi ukuma, i-valve eyinhloko ye-turbine izosetshenziswa ukunqamula ukugeleza kwamanzi ku-turbine.
Ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa: 1. Hlanza njalo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zendlela yokuqondisa amanzi, uyigcine ihlanzekile, futhi njalo ugcwalise ingxenye enyakazayo; 2. Amarack kadoti kufanele abekwe endaweni yokungena futhi ahlelwe njalo; 3. Ngenjini esebenza ngogesi enanoma iyiphi idivayisi yemoto, naka ukushintshwa okufika ngesikhathi kwamaphedi amabhuleki bese wengeza uwoyela wamabhuleki.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-28-2022
