Ama-turbine e-hydraulic asebenza ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-hydraulic kanye nezemishini, lapho ingcindezi, ijubane, kanye namaphethini okugeleza kuhlangana khona njalo. Phakathi kwezinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithinta ukuthembeka nokusebenza kahle kwe-turbine yi-cavitation kanye nokuguguleka kwe-cavitation okubangelwa yi-cavitation. Ukuqonda lezi zimo kubalulekile ekwenzeni ngcono ukwakheka kwe-turbine, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside, kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi.
1. Kuyini ukukhishwa kwe-Cavitation kuma-Hydraulic Turbines
Ukuqhekeka kwamanzi kwenzeka lapho ingcindezi yendawo yamanzi yehla ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomhwamuko wayo, okubangela ukuthi amabhamuza omhwamuko akheke ngaphakathi koketshezi olugelezayo. Njengoba la mabhamuza ethuthela ezindaweni ezinengcindezi ephezulu, ayawa ngamandla, akhiqize amagagasi okushaqeka kanye nama-micro-jet athinta izindawo eziseduze.
Kuma-turbine e-hydraulic, i-cavitation ivame ukuvela ezindaweni lapho
Ijubane lokugeleza liphezulu
Ingcindezi iphansi
Kwenzeka ukuhlukana kokugeleza noma ukuphazamiseka
Izindawo ezivamile ezivame ukucasuka zifaka phakathi
Uhlangothi lokumunca i-blade yomgijimi
Ukungena kwepayipi eliyi-draft
Imiphetho elandelanayo ye-vane yomhlahlandlela
Amathiphu e-blade kanye nezindawo ze-hub
2. Ukuguguleka Komgodi Umphumela Obhubhisayo
Lapho amabhamuza omhwamuko ewa eduze kwezindawo zensimbi, ama-micro-impacts aphindaphindwayo asusa kancane kancane izinto ezivela ezingxenyeni ze-turbine. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation (noma i-cavitation pitting). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuholela ekuqineni kobuso, ekulahlekelweni kwezinto, kanye nasekuwohlokeni kwesakhiwo.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zokuguguleka Kwe-Cavitation
Ukwakheka kwemigodi noma umonakalo wobuso obufana noju lwezinyosi
Ukukhathala kwezinto ezibonakalayo okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqhekeka okuncane
Ukwehla kokusebenza kahle kwe-hydraulic
Ukudlidliza okukhulu nomsindo
Uma kungalawulwa, ukuguguleka okukhulu kwe-cavitation kunganciphisa impilo yenkonzo ye-turbine futhi kwandise isikhathi sokungasebenzi kokulungisa.
3. Izimbangela Zokugedla Kwama-Hydraulic Turbines
Izici eziningana ze-hydraulic kanye nokusebenza zinegalelo ekwakhekeni kwe-cavitation
3.1 Izici Zokuklama Ama-Hydraulic
Iphrofayili noma ukugoba kwe-blade okungalungile
Ukusheshisa kokugeleza ngokweqile
Ukusatshalaliswa kokugeleza okubi endaweni yokungena yomgijimi
Umklamo wepayipi lokudonsa onganele
3.2 Izimo Zokusebenza
Ukusebenza ngaphandle komklamo
Isivinini esikhulu se-turbine
Ukwenqatshwa komthwalo ngokuzumayo noma izimo zokugeleza ezingazinzile
Izinga eliphansi lamanzi omsila noma ikhanda lokumunca eliphezulu
3.3 Izici Zemvelo
Ukugcwala okukhulu kwenhlabathi emanzini
Ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa okuthinta ingcindezi yomhwamuko
Ukungena komoya noma amagesi ancibilikisiwe
4. Imiphumela ye-Cavitation ekusebenzeni kwe-Turbine
I-cavitation ayigcini nje ngokulimaza izinto kodwa futhi ithinta ukusebenza kwe-turbine iyonke.
4.1 Ukulahlekelwa Ukusebenza Kahle
Ukufakwa kwemigodi ebusweni kwandisa ukumelana kwamanzi futhi kuphazamise ukugeleza okubushelelezi, kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine.
4.2 Umonakalo Wemishini
Ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo kwenza buthaka ama-blade, ama-guide vanes, kanye nama-draft tube linings, ekugcineni kuholele ekuguqukeni noma ekuqhekekeni.
4.3 Ukudlidliza Okukhuphukile Nomsindo
Ukuwa kwebhamuza kudala ukushaya kwengcindezi okuvama kakhulu, okubangela ukudlidliza, umsindo, kanye nokucindezeleka okungenzeka kube khona.
4.4 Impilo Yesevisi Encishisiwe
Ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation okungalawulwa kusheshisa ukuguguleka futhi kudinga ukulungiswa njalo noma ukushintshwa kwezingxenye.
5. Ukutholwa Nokuqapha Ukucasuka
Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kusiza ukuvimbela umonakalo omkhulu. Izindlela ezivamile zokuqapha zifaka phakathi
Ukuqapha ukukhishwa kwe-acoustic (ukuthola umsindo wokuwa kwebhamuza)
Ukuhlaziywa kokudlidliza komgijimi nama-bearings
Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo ngesikhathi sokuvalwa okuhleliwe
Ukuhlaziywa kwethrendi yokusebenza kahle
Lezi zindlela zivumela opharetha ukuthi babone izimo ezivame ukucasuka futhi balungise amapharamitha okusebenza ngesikhathi.
6. Amasu Okunciphisa Nokuvimbela
6.1 Umklamo Olungiselelwe We-Hydraulic
Sebenzisa ukulingiswa kwe-CFD okuthuthukisiwe ukuze uthuthukise i-geometry ye-runner blade
Qinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi okubushelelezi ezindaweni zama-blade
Lungiselela izici zokubuyisa i-draft tube
6.2 Ukukhethwa Kwezinto Nokuvikelwa Komphezulu
Izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali noma ezimelana nomgodi
Izembozo eziqinile noma izembozo ezifuthwa ngokushisa
Ukuqedwa kwendawo epholishiwe futhi ebushelelezi ukunciphisa ukunamathela kwebhamuza
6.3 Ukusebenza Nokulawula Okufanele
Gcina ukusebenza eduze nendawo engcono kakhulu yokusebenza kahle (i-BEP)
Gwema ukushintshashintsha kwemithwalo okusheshayo
Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lamanzi angemuva liyanele kanye nomkhawulo wekhanda lokumunca
6.4 Amasu Okujova Umoya
Kweminye imiklamo ye-turbine, ukungena komoya olawulwayo epayipini lokudonsa kunciphisa amandla okugaya futhi kunciphise ukushaya kwengcindezi.
7. Izindlela Zokulungisa Nokulungisa
Uma kutholakala ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation, ukulungiswa ngesikhathi kubalulekile
Ukugaya nokupholisha izindawo ezithintekile
Ukulungiswa kokushisela noma ukushisela okumboziwe kwembobo enzima
Ukuphinda umboze izindawo ezonakele ngezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala
Izikhawu zokuhlola ezihleliwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenza
Ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela kuhlale kubiza kakhulu kunokushintsha izingxenye ezinkulu.
Ukuguguleka kwe-cavitation kanye ne-cavitation kuyinselele engenakugwenywa ekusebenzeni kwe-hydraulic turbine, kodwa umthelela wazo ungalawulwa ngempumelelo ngokuklama okufanele, ukukhethwa kwezinto, ukusebenza okulungiselelwe, kanye nokuhleleka.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-24-2026
