I-turbine ye-Turgo iyi-turbine yamanzi yohlobo lwe-impulse eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwe-medium-head, ngokuvamile isebenza ngempumelelo ngama-net head aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-15 nama-300. Yasungulwa futhi yanikezwa ilungelo lobunikazi ngu-Eric Crewdson ngo-1919, i-Turgo yathuthukiswa ukuze igcwalise isidingo semakethe senguqulo yesivinini esiphezulu se-turbine ye-Pelton. Umklamo wayo uyivumela ukuthi iphathe izinga lokugeleza elikhulu kunesondo le-Pelton elinobubanzi obufanayo, okuholela ekukhishweni kwamandla aphezulu futhi kuvame ukuqeda isidingo sokudluliselwa okubizayo okwandisa isivinini ngokunika amandla ukuxhumana okuqondile ne-generator.
Ngokungafani nomklamo wePelton, lapho amajethi amanzi eshaya khona amabhakede maphakathi bese ephenduka emuva, ijethi yeTurgo iqondiswa nge-engeli ebukhali (ngokuvamile engu-22.5°) eya endizeni yomgijimi. Amanzi angena ohlangothini olulodwa lomgijimi bese ephuma kolunye uhlangothi, anciphise ukuphazamiseka phakathi kokugeleza kokuphuma kanye nejethi engenayo. Le ndlela yokugeleza esebenza kahle, ehlanganiswe nomgijimi onesivinini esiphezulu, yenza iTurgo ifaneleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezinguquko ezinkulu zokugeleza.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Nomklamo
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-turbine ye-Turgo kudinga indlela eqondile yezingxenye zayo eziyinhloko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuqina.
Umgijimi
Umsebenzi Nokubaluleka: I-runner iyinhliziyo ye-turbine, lapho kwenzeka khona ukudluliselwa kwamandla kusuka emanzini kuya ekujikelezweni komshini. Ukwakheka kwayo kuthinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kwe-turbine.
Umklamo We-Blade: Ama-turgo runners anezinsika ezinesimo se-3D esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye nesimo se-勺状 (sháo zhuàng – esifana ne-scoop). Ubuso be-blade buklanyelwe ukwenza kube lula ukuphuma kwamanzi ngokushesha nangokuphelele, kunciphisa amandla athwalwa ukuphuma. Kuma-turbine amakhulu, izinsika zine-cross-section ye-airfoil (njengephiko lendiza) ukuze kusebenze kahle kakhulu nge-hydraulic, yize lokhu kudinga ukunemba okuphezulu kokukhiqiza. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko, izinsika ezincane noma ezincane ze-turbine ngezinye izikhathi zenziwa ngesimo se-hemispherical, okulula ukukukhiqiza ngesijeziso esincane sokusebenza kahle.
Ukwakhiwa: I-runner ivame ukuhlanganiswa ngama-blade amaningi ngamanye. Indlela evamile yokwakha ihilela ukwakha ama-blade ngeshidi lensimbi elingu-2mm ubukhulu, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa umshini wokunyathelisa, olandelwa ukusika nokuqeda. Lawa ma-blade abe esehlanganiswa futhi ahlanganiswe phakathi kwe-shroud yangaphandle (wài lún huán – indandatho yesondo yangaphandle) kanye ne-inner hub (nèi lún gǔ – i-inner wheel hub). I-shroud yangaphandle yengeza amandla kuma-blade futhi isiza ekunciphiseni ukulahleka kwe-windage.
Ukulawula Umlomo Nokugeleza
Umsebenzi We-Nozzle: Indima ye-nozzle ukusheshisa amanzi acindezelwe avela e-penstock aye e-jet enesivinini esikhulu (shè liú -射流). Iyipayipi eliyindilinga elincipha kancane kancane endaweni enqamulayo, okwandisa ijubane lamanzi.
Ukulawulwa Kokugeleza: Ukuze kulawulwe ukuphuma kwamandla e-turbine, ukugeleza kwamanzi kumele kulawulwe. Lokhu kufezwa nge-spear valve (noma i-needle valve) etholakala ngaphakathi kwe-nozzle, ehamba phambili nangemuva ukushintsha ububanzi be-jet, noma nge-valve yokulawula ngesandla ku-penstock. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-jet deflector asetshenziswa njengesinyathelo sokuphepha sokuguqula i-jet ngokushesha isuke kumgijimi uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa umthwalo ngokuzumayo, ukuvikela i-turbine ekushiseni ngokweqile kanye ne-penstock ekucindezelweni kokunyuka.
Amabheringi kanye ne-Casing
Ama-Bearings: I-bearings assembly kumele isekele isisindo esihlangene se-runner ne-generator rotor, imelane ne-axial thrust, futhi iphathe amandla e-radial ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukusetha okuvamile kweyunithi ye-micro-hydro Turgo kungafaka kokubili i-thrust roller bearing kanye ne-radial ball bearing enomugqa owodwa. Lawa ma-bearings aklanyelwe ukuba aqine, akwazi ukumelana nezimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa nesivinini sesikhashana sokubaleka.
Ukukhiqiza Nokukhiqiza Kwendabuko
Kwabagijimi bensimbi, ukuphonswa kwensimbi kwendabuko kanye nomshini wokulungisa ngokunemba kuvamile. Ukuma okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-3D kwama-blade kuvame ukudinga ukugaya nge-Computer Numerical Control (CNC) ukuze kufezwe ukunemba okudingekayo, ikakhulukazi kumaphrofayili e-airfoil asebenza kahle kakhulu. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, kuma-micro-turbine alula, ama-blade angagxivizwa noma abhotshozwe ngensimbi bese eshidiwe, okuyindlela engabizi kakhulu.
Ukwakhiwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo se-turbine, njenge-casing, kuvame ukuhilela ukushisela amapuleti ensimbi asongiwe. I-nozzle nezinye izingxenye zokulawula ukugeleza zivame ukwenziwa ngomshini ngezinsimbi ezingagqwali njengethusi noma insimbi engagqwali ukuze zimelane nokuguguleka.
Izindlela Zanamuhla Nezintsha
Amathuluzi Okuklama Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukukhiqiza kwanamuhla kuncike kakhulu ku-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) kanye namanye amathuluzi okuklama ngezinombolo. Lawa maphakheji esofthiwe avumela onjiniyela ukuba balingise ukugeleza kwamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-runner, bathuthukise i-geometry ye-blade ukuze kukhishwe amandla amaningi kanye nokusebenza kahle ngaphambi kokuba kwakhiwe noma iyiphi i-prototype ebonakalayo.
Ukukhiqizwa Okungeziwe (Ukuphrinta kwe-3D): Ukuphrinta kwe-3D kuvele njengethuluzi elinamandla lokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi kuma-turbine e-pico-scale Turgo noma ukudala ama-prototypes. Ucwaningo luphumelele ekukhiqizeni ama-turbine e-Turgo aphelele kusetshenziswa amaphrinta e-3D. Inqubo ihilela:
Ukuklama i-blade kusofthiwe yokumodela ye-3D (isb., i-SolidWorks).
Ukuthumela umklamo njengefayela le-STL.
Ukulungiselela ukuphrinta ngesofthiwe yokusika (isb., i-Ultimaker Cura), lapho amapharamitha abalulekile njengokugeleza kwe-nozzle filament, ubuningi bokugcwalisa, izakhiwo zokusekela, kanye nokushisa kokuphrinta kumele kulungiselelwe ngokucophelela.
Ukwenza ukuphrinta kuphrinta ye-3D elinganisiwe.
Le ndlela ivumela ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo nokungabizi kwezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, ngezinga elincane.
Ukusebenza kanye nezinzuzo
Uma ekhiqizwa kahle, ama-turbine e-Turgo anikeza izinzuzo eziningana ezikhangayo:
Ukusebenza Kahle: I-turbine ye-Turgo eyenziwe kahle ingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Amayunithi okusebenza ngokuvamile afinyelela cishe ku-87%, kanti ezinye izivivinyo zelebhu zibonisa ukuphakama okufika ku-90%. Ama-turbine e-Pico-scale asengafinyelela ukusebenza kahle okungaphezu kuka-80%.
Ukuqina Nokunakekelwa Okuphansi: I-turbine ye-Turgo yaziwa ngokwakhiwa kwayo okulula nokuqinile, okusho ukuthi inezidingo ezincane zokunakekelwa. Umklamo wayo, ikakhulukazi indlela ye-jet egobile, uholela ekuwohlokeni kokusebenza okuncane okuvela ezintweni ezihudulayo njengesihlabathi noma udaka uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye i-turbine, njengoba ukuguguleka kusatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ezindaweni zama-blade.
Ukuzivumelanisa Nokuguquguquka Kokusebenza: Amandla abalulekile e-Turgo yikhono layo lokugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu phezu kwezilinganiso eziningi zokugeleza. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi ezigeleza emfuleni lapho ukugeleza kwamanzi kungahluka kakhulu. Ngokungafani nama-turbine kaFrancis, okusebenza kwawo kwehla kakhulu ekugelezeni okuphansi, i-Turgo iyaqhubeka nokukhiqiza amandla ngempumelelo.
Izitayela zesikhathi esizayo ekukhiqizweni kwe-turbine ye-Turgo zikhomba ekuthuthukisweni komklamo okuqhubekayo ngokusebenzisa ukumodela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokwamukelwa okubanzi kokukhiqiza okungeziwe kokubili ukwenza ama-prototyping kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengxenye yokugcina. Njengoba imizamo yocwaningo nentuthuko iqhubeka, njengoba kuqokonyiswa yizincwadi ezahlukahlukene kanye nemisebenzi yezemfundo, singalindela ukuthuthuka okwengeziwe ekusebenzeni nasekusebenziseni kahle izindleko kwale mishini yamandla kagesi eguquguqukayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-17-2025
