Ekufuneni intuthuko esimeme kanye namandla aluhlaza, amandla agelezayo abe yinsika ebalulekile esakhiweni samandla somhlaba wonke ngezici zawo ezihlanzekile, ezivuselelekayo nezisebenza kahle. Ubuchwepheshe bamandla agelezayo, njengamandla ayinhloko aqhuba la mandla aluhlaza, buthuthuka ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe, buhola ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla.
Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa umehluko wekhanda emzimbeni wamanzi ukwenza umsebenzi nokuguqula amandla amanzi aqukethwe ezindaweni zamanzi njengemifula, amachibi noma izilwandle abe amandla kagesi. Kule nqubo, i-turbine idlala indima ebalulekile. Iguqula amandla okugeleza kwamanzi abe amandla omshini, bese iqhuba ijeneretha ukuthi ikhiqize ugesi. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukwakheka kwama-turbine kuye kwenziwa ngcono njalo. Kusukela ekugelezeni okuxubile kwendabuko kanye nokugeleza kwe-axial kuya ekugelezeni okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu kwe-impulse kanye ne-bulb cross-flow, uhlobo ngalunye lumelela ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi. Ikakhulukazi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yamandla kagesi ezweni lami kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu. Isibonelo, ipayipi lokusabalalisa amanzi le-turbine ye-impulse engu-500-megawatt elakhiwe ngokuzimela yiHarbin Electric Group libonisa ukuthi izwe lami selifinyelele ezingeni elihamba phambili emhlabeni emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi.
Ngaphezu kokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe be-turbine, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kuncike ezinhlelweni zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela. Ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuphepha kokusebenza kweziteshi zamandla kagesi, kodwa futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa. Ngezinhlelo zokuqapha ezithuthukisiwe, isimo sokusebenza kwama-turbine nama-generator singaqashwa ngesikhathi sangempela, izinkinga ezingaba khona zingatholakala futhi zisingathwe ngesikhathi esifanele, futhi ukusebenza kahle nokuzinzile kweziteshi zamandla kagesi ngamanzi kungaqinisekiswa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela kwenza ukuqala, ukuvala, ukulungiswa komthwalo kanye neminye imisebenzi yamayunithi akhiqiza amandla kagesi ngamanzi kube lula futhi kuphumelele, futhi kuthuthukisa izinga lokuncintisana kanye nentuthuko embonini iyonke.
Kuchungechunge lwezimboni lokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kwesiteshi sikagesi esisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokuthengiswa kukagesi osezingeni eliphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa komsebenzisi kwakha uchungechunge oluphelele lwezimboni. Ukusungula ubuchwepheshe embonini yokukhiqiza imishini esezingeni eliphezulu kuyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukagesi; ukwakhiwa nokusebenza kweziteshi zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphezulu kudinga ukubamba iqhaza kwezinkampani ezinkulu neziphakathi zobunjiniyela ezinamandla ezezimali kanye nezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezivuthiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa okubushelelezi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwephrojekthi; izixhumanisi zokuthengisa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ezisezingeni eliphansi zithembele ekuhlinzekweni kukagesi okuzinzile kanye nezikhungo zegridi kagesi eziphelele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeningi labasebenzisi bakagesi.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla okusimeme kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa umhlaba. Njengamandla ahlanzekile, amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi awashintshi amakhemikhali, awasebenzisi uphethiloli, noma akhiphe izinto eziyingozi ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa nokuguqulwa abe amandla kagesi, futhi awangcolisi imvelo. Njengoba ulwazi lomhlaba wonke ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nesidingo samandla asebenzisa amanzi esimeme lukhula, ubukhulu bemakethe yemboni yamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi buyaqhubeka nokukhula, bubonisa amathuba amaningi entuthuko.
Ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi akuwona nje kuphela ukusekela okubalulekile kwamandla aluhlaza, kodwa futhi buyimbangela ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla. Esikhathini esizayo, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezinqubomgomo, amandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi azoba nesikhundla esibaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni samandla somhlaba wonke futhi anikele kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme komphakathi wesintu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-09-2025
