Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo sekuyinto ebalulekile emkhakheni wamandla omhlaba wonke, futhi njengenye yezinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo ezindala kakhulu nezivuthiwe, amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla nasekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Lesi sihloko sizogxila endaweni kanye nekhono lamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi emandleni avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa izici zawo zobuchwepheshe, izitayela zentuthuko, izinselele, kanye namathemba.
1. Izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimiso zokusebenza zokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kusebenzisa isimiso sokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi, futhi kufeza inqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza kweziteshi zamandla kagesi. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza amandla kagesi, njengokukhiqiza amandla e-hydro turbine, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle, njll. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezici ezihlukile kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-turbine ubuchwepheshe bamanzi obuvame kakhulu futhi obusetshenziswa kabanzi. Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukusebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukuze kuqhutshwe i-turbine ukuze ijikeleze, ngaleyo ndlela kuqhutshwe i-generator ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-tidal inqubo yokuguqula amandla e-tidal abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa imishini yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-tidal, kusetshenziswa umehluko ekuphakameni nasekusheshiseni kokunyakaza kwama-tidal.
2. Isikhundla Nokubaluleka Kwamandla Kagesi Asebenzisa Amanzi Kumandla Avuselelekayo
Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla avuselelekayo, kunezikhundla eziningi nokubaluleka.
Okokuqala, amandla kagesi asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi aqukethe ingxenye enkulu yokuhlinzekwa kwamandla emhlabeni wonke futhi ahlinzeka ngokusekelwa kokuthembeka nokuzinza kohlelo lwamandla. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency, amandla kagesi asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi aqukethe cishe u-16% womkhiqizo wamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke, ebekwa endaweni yokuqala.
Okwesibili, inqubo yokusebenza kokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi ayinawo cishe ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, okunezinzuzo ezibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli wezinto ezilahliwe, ugesi wamanzi unomthelela omncane ekungcolisweni komoya kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, futhi ungabhekana ngempumelelo nezinkinga zokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
3. Izitayela Zokuthuthukiswa kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obusha Bokukhiqiza Ugesi Kagesi Osebenzisa Amanzi
Imboni yamandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi ibhekene nomkhuba wentuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziteshi ezinkulu zamandla kagesi kanye neziteshi ezincane zamandla kagesi ziyafana, ngasinye sinezici zaso kanye nezitayela ezahlukahlukene zentuthuko. Iziteshi ezinkulu zamandla kagesi ngokuvamile zinamandla aphezulu afakiwe kanye namandla okukhiqiza ugesi, okunganikeza ukwesekwa kokunikezwa kukagesi okukhulu. Iziteshi ezincane zamandla kagesi kagesi ziguquguquka kakhulu futhi zifanelekela ukunikezwa kukagesi okusabalele kanye nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezikude.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi buhlala buthuthuka maqondana nokusebenza kahle, ukusimama, kanye nobungane nemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi bendabuko sebuvuthiwe kakade, kodwa kusenemikhawulo ethile, njengokuncika emithonjeni yamanzi kanye nomthelela emvelweni wemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe obusha bamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi kanye nezixazululo ezintsha zithole ukunakwa nocwaningo kabanzi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-Tidal kuwubuchwepheshe obusha bamanzi obusebenzisa ukushintshashintsha kwamagagasi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-tidal, amandla e-tidal angaguqulwa ngempumelelo abe amandla kagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe buvuthiwe futhi bunokubikezela okuphezulu kanye nokuqina, okubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla ezindaweni ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi buthole ukunakwa njengesiqondiso esisha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Amandla kagesi avamile angaphansi kwamanzi ngokuvamile adinga amadamu amakhulu namachibi okugcina amanzi, kuyilapho amandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi angakhiqiza ugesi ngokusebenzisa imisinga yolwandle kanye namandla olwandle ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakhiwa kwamadamu. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezindleko eziphansi kakhulu futhi bunomthelela omncane emvelweni.
4. Izinselele Nezinkinga Ezibhekene Nokukhiqizwa Kwamandla Kagesi Ngamanzi
Nakuba ugesi wamanzi unezinzuzo eziningi, ubhekene nezinselele nezinkinga ezithile.
Okokuqala, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwezinsizakusebenza zikagesi wamanzi kungenye yezinto eziyinhloko ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kukagesi wamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi wamanzi kuncike ekutholakaleni kwezinsizakusebenza zamanzi kanye nokuqina komthamo wamanzi. Ngenxa yezici ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukutholakala kwezinsizakusebenza zamanzi kungashintsha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokukhiqizwa kukagesi wamanzi.
Okwesibili, umthelela wokwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi emanzini endaweni yemvelo kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela nazo ziyizinkinga ezidinga ukunakwa. Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi amakhulu ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa kanye nokuguqulwa kwemifula kanye nezindawo zemvelo, okungaba nomthelela ekufudukeni kwezinhlanzi, ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini, kanye nokugeleza kwemvelo kwemifula. Ngakho-ke, enkambisweni yokuhlela nokwakha amaphrojekthi kagesi ngamanzi, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokugcwele ukuvikelwa nokubuyiselwa kwendawo zemvelo.
Okwamanje, ukwenzeka kwezomnotho kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zokukhiqizwa kukagesi wamanzi nakho kudingeka kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela. Nakuba ugesi wamanzi unezinzuzo zokuba nezindleko eziphansi kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside, izindleko zawo zokwakha ziphakeme kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eziteshini ezinkulu zikagesi wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokusebenza nokugcinwa kokukhiqizwa kukagesi wamanzi nazo kudingeka zicatshangelwe, okuhlanganisa nokugcinwa kwamadamu, ukuvuselelwa kwemishini, njll.
5. Amathemba Esikhathi Esizayo kanye Nesiqondiso Sentuthuko Yokukhiqizwa Kwamandla Kagesi Ngamanzi
Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele nezinkinga ezithile, ugesi wamanzi usenamathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa kanye namathuba entuthuko abanzi.
Okokuqala, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obusha be-turbine yamanzi, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kukagesi ohamba emanzini, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kukagesi ohamba emanzini ajulile kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzinza kokukhiqizwa kukagesi ohamba ngamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe umnotho wawo kanye nokusimama kwawo.
Okwesibili, isilinganiso samandla aphehlwa ngamanzi ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla avuselelekayo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhule kakhulu. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla avuselelekayo siqhubeka nokukhula, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi, njengendlela evuthiwe nethembekile yamandla avuselelekayo, azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni samandla. Ikakhulukazi maqondana nokucheba okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ohlelweni lwamandla, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi anezinzuzo kanye namandla ahlukile.
Okokugcina, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye namaphrojekthi okubonisa ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi nakho kunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwawo kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukubambisana kanye nokushintshana phakathi kwamazwe emkhakheni wamandla kagesi ngamanzi kuyaqhubeka nokuqina. Ngokwabelana ngolwazi, ucwaningo oluhlangene, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe, intuthuko yemboni yamandla kagesi ngamanzi ingakhuthazwa, futhi imigomo yamandla azinzile emhlabeni wonke ingafezwa.
Isiphetho: Amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla avuselelekayo, anezinzuzo ezifana nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nentuthuko eqhubekayo, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekuzinzeni kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele nezinkinga ezithile, amandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi asenawo amathuba amakhulu kanye namathuba abanzi emandleni avuselelekayo ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Uhulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi kufanele bandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokusekelwa ukukhuthaza intuthuko yemboni yamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi futhi benze iminikelo emihle ekuqalisweni kwamandla azinzile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-19-2024
