Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo sekuphenduke inkambiso ebalulekile emkhakheni wamandla omhlaba, futhi njengenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu nezivuthwe kakhulu zamandla avuselelekayo, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi udlala indima ebalulekile ekunikezeni amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Le ndatshana izocubungula isikhundla namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kumandla avuselelekayo, okuhlanganisa izici zawo zobuchwepheshe, izitayela zokuthuthuka, izinselele, namathemba.
1, Izici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezimiso zokusebenza zokukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngamanzi
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kusebenzisa isimiso sokuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi, futhi kufeza inqubo yokuguqulwa kwamandla ngokwakhiwa nokusebenza kweziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zobuchwepheshe bokuphehla amandla kagesi ngamanzi, njengokuphehla ugesi we-hydro turbine, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla olwandle, njll. Ifomu ngalinye linezici ezihlukile nezinkundla zokusebenzisa.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi we-Turbine wubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa kakhulu bakagesi ngamanzi futhi obusetshenziswa kabanzi. Umgomo oyisisekelo uwukusebenzisa ukugeleza kwamanzi ukushayela i-turbine ukuze ijikeleze, ngaleyo ndlela ishayela i-generator ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-tidal kuyinqubo yokuguqula amandla olwandle abe amandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphehla amandla olwandle, kusizakala ngomehluko wobude nesivinini sokuhamba kwamaza.
2, Isikhundla Nokubaluleka Kwamandla Kagesi Wamanzi Kumandla Avuselelekayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla avuselelekayo, kunezikhundla nokubaluleka okuningi.
Okokuqala, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi wenza ingxenye enkulu yokuphakelwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke futhi uhlinzeka ngokusekela ukwethembeka nokuzinza kohlelo lukagesi. Ngokusho kwe-International Energy Agency, amandla kagesi ngamanzi alinganiselwa ku-16% wengqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke, akleliswe kuqala.
Okwesibili, inqubo yokusebenza yokukhiqiza amandla kagesi ngamanzi cishe ayinakho ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni, enezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuvikela imvelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kukagesi wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi anomthelela omncane ekungcoleni komoya kanye nesisi esingcolisa umoya, futhi angabhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezindaba zokungcoliswa kwemvelo.
3, Amathrendi Okuthuthukiswa kanye Nobuchwepheshe Obusha bokuPhehla kwamandla kagesi
Imboni yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ibhekene nenkambiso yentuthuko eqhubekayo kanye nokuqamba izinto ezintsha.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziteshi ezinkulu eziphehla ugesi kanye neziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ziphila ndawonye, ngasinye sinezici zaso kanye nezitayela ezihlukahlukene zokuthuthuka. Iziteshi ezinkulu eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi zivame ukuba nomthamo ophezulu ofakiwe kanye nomthamo wokuphehla ugesi, okungahlinzeka ngokusekela kokuphakelwa kwamandla amakhulu. Iziteshi zikagesi ezincane eziphehla ugesi zivumelana nezimo futhi zilungele ukuphakelwa kukagesi ezindaweni ezikude kanye nogesi ezindaweni ezikude.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubuchwepheshe be-hydropower buthuthuka njalo mayelana nokusebenza kahle, ukusimama, kanye nobungane bemvelo. Ubuchwepheshe bendabuko obuphehlwa ngamanzi sebukhule kakhulu, kodwa kusenemikhawulo ethile, njengokuncika emithonjeni yamanzi kanye nomthelela endaweni ezungezile. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuphehlwa kwamanzi kanye nezixazululo ezintsha zithole ukunakwa nocwaningo olusabalele.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla e-tidal ubuchwepheshe obuvela emanzini obusebenzisa ugesi obusebenzisa ukuguquguquka ngezikhathi ezithile kwamagagasi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ngokusebenzisa imishini yokuphehla amandla olwandle, amandla olwandle angaguqulwa ngempumelelo abe amandla kagesi. Lobu buchwepheshe bukhulile uma kuqhathaniswa futhi bunokubikezelwa okuphezulu nokuzinza, okubaluleke kakhulu ekunikezeni amandla ezifundeni ezithile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-Deepwater hydropower buye bathola ukunakwa njengesiqondiso esisha eminyakeni yamuva. Amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi endabuko ngokuvamile adinga amadamu amakhulu namadamu, kuyilapho ugesi wamanzi ajulile ungaphehla ugesi ngokusebenzisa imisinga yasolwandle namandla olwandle ngaphandle kwesidingo sokwakhiwa kwamadamu. Lobu buchwepheshe bunezindleko eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nomthelela omncane endaweni ezungezile.
4, Izinselele Nezinkinga Ezibhekene Nokukhiqizwa Kwamandla Amanzi
Yize amandla kagesi anezinzuzo eziningi, aphinde abhekane nezinselelo nezinkinga ezithile.
Okokuqala, ukutholakala okulinganiselwe kwemithombo kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokuphehlwa kukagesi ngamanzi. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kuncike ekutholakaleni kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuzinza komthamo wamanzi. Ngenxa yezinto ezifana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukutholakala kwemithombo yamanzi kungase kushintshe, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukuzinza nokuthembeka kokuphehlwa kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi.
Okwesibili, umthelela wokwakhiwa kwesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi endaweni ezungezile nezinyathelo zokuvikela kuyizindaba ezidinga ukunakwa. Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi ezinkulu zokuphehla amandla ngamanzi ngokuvamile kudinga ukulungiswa kanye noguquko emifuleni nasezinhlelweni zemvelo, okungase kube nomthelela ekufudukeni kwezinhlanzi, imvelo yasemanzini, kanye nokugeleza kwemvelo kwemifula. Ngakho-ke, ohlelweni lokuhlela nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi, kuyadingeka ukucabangela ngokugcwele ukuvikelwa nokubuyiselwa kwendawo ezungezile.
Khonamanjalo, ukuba nokwenzeka kwezomnotho nokuba yimpumelelo kwezindleko zokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nakho kudingeka kubhekwe ngokucophelela. Nakuba amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi anezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi nempilo ende ekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside, izindleko zawo zokwakha ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa, ikakhulukazi eziteshini ezinkulu zikagesi. Ukwengeza, izindleko zokusebenza nokugcina ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi nazo zidinga ukucatshangelwa, okuhlanganisa nokugcinwa kwamadamu, ukuvuselelwa kwemishini, njll.
5, Amathemba Ekusasa kanye Nesiqondiso Sokuthuthukiswa Kokuphehla Ugesi Wamanzi
Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselelo nezinkinga ezithile, ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi usenamandla amakhulu kanye namathemba entuthuko abanzi.
Okokuqala, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuqanjwa okusha kobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kahle kokuphehla ugesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kuzothuthukiswa nakakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe obusha benjini yamanzi, ubuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi olwandle, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphehla ugesi emanzini ajulile kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokuzinza kokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise umnotho nokusimama kwayo.
Okwesibili, ingxenye yamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kukho konke ukuphakelwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngokuqhubekayo. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke samandla avuselelekayo siqhubeka sikhula, amandla kagesi, njengendlela evuthiwe nethembekile yamandla avuselelekayo, azodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esakhiweni samandla. Ikakhulukazi mayelana nokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla ohlelweni lwamandla, i-hydropower inezinzuzo eziyingqayizivele namandla.
Okokugcina, ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe kanye nemiklamo yemiboniso ekuphehleni ugesi ngamanzi nakho kuhlinzeka ngosekelo olubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwawo kwekusasa. Ukubambisana nokuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe emkhakheni wokuphehlwa kwamanzi kuyaqhubeka nokuqina. Ngokwabelana ngolwazi, ucwaningo oluhlanganyelwe, kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi kungakhuthazwa, futhi nezinjongo zamandla ezinzile emhlabeni wonke zingafinyelelwa.
Isiphetho: Amandla kagesi ngamanzi, njengengxenye ebalulekile yamandla avuselelekayo, anezinzuzo ezifana nobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe, ubungane bemvelo, kanye nentuthuko esimeme, futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuthembekeni nasekusimameni kokunikezwa kwamandla. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele nezinkinga ezithile, amandla kagesi asenamandla amakhulu futhi abanzi emandleni avuselelekayo ngokusungula izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe. Uhulumeni, amabhizinisi, kanye nayo yonke imikhakha yomphakathi kufanele andise utshalomali kanye nokwesekwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi futhi kube negalelo elihle ekufezekisweni kwamandla esimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2024
