Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi sakhiwe uhlelo lwe-hydraulic, uhlelo lwe-mechanical, kanye nedivayisi yokukhiqiza amandla kagesi. Kuyiphrojekthi yesikhungo sokugcina amanzi esiguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi. Ukusimama kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwamandla amanzi ngokungaphazanyiswa eziteshini zikagesi zamanzi.
Ngokwakha uhlelo lwedamu lamanzi, ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsizakusebenza ze-hydraulic ngesikhathi nasesikhala kungalawulwa ngokwenziwa futhi kushintshwe ukuze kufezwe ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwezinsizakusebenza ze-hydraulic. Ukuze kuguqulwe ngempumelelo amandla amanzi edamu abe amandla kagesi, isiteshi samanzi sidinga ukuqaliswa ngohlelo lwe-hydro mechanical kanye nolwe-elekthronikhi, oluqukethe ikakhulukazi amapayipi okushintsha umfutho, ama-turbine, ama-generator, kanye namapayipi okudonsa umfutho.
1, Umzila Wamandla Ahlanzekile
Ngo-Agasti 11, 2023, i-China Three Gorges Corporation yamemezela ukuthi umzila wamandla ahlanzekile omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni wawunamayunithi okusebenza ayi-100, okubeka izinga eliphezulu elisha lonyaka ngokwenani lamayunithi asetshenziswayo.
Iziteshi zikagesi eziyisithupha ezihamba ngesivinini esikhulu zaseWudongde, eBaihetan, eXiluodu, eXiangjiaba, eThree Gorges, naseGezhouba emfuleni omkhulu woMfula iYangtze ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kuphathwe uhlelo lwamandla oMfula iYangtze ndawonye zakha umzila wamandla ahlanzekile omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni.
2, iziteshi zikagesi zamanzi zaseShayina
1. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi i-Jinsha River Baihetan
Ngomhlaka-3 Agasti, umcimbi omkhulu wokwakhiwa kweSiteshi sikagesi i-Jinsha River Baihetan Hydropower wabanjwa phansi komgodi wesisekelo sedamu. Ngalolo suku, isiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esakhiwayo futhi sifakwa, iSiteshi sikagesi i-Baihetan Hydropower, sangena esigabeni sokwakhiwa okuphelele kwephrojekthi eyinhloko.
Isiteshi sikagesi iBaihetan Hydropower sitholakala ezindaweni ezingezansi zoMfula iJinsha eNingnan County, eSifundazweni saseSichuan kanye naseQiaojia County, eSifundazweni saseYunnan, sinomthamo ofakiwe ongama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-16. Ngemva kokuqedwa, singase sibe isiteshi sikagesi i-hydropower sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemuva kweThathu Gorges Dam.
Le phrojekthi yakhiwe yi-China Three Gorges Corporation futhi isebenza njengomthombo wamandla oyinhloko wesu likazwelonke lamandla le-“West East Power Transmission”.
2. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseWudongde
Isiteshi sikagesi iWudongde sitholakala eMfuleni iJinsha lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe zaseSichuan naseYunnan. Siyindawo yokuqala yeziteshi zikagesi ezine ezingaphansi komhlaba zoMfula iJinsha, okuyiWudongde, iSiteshi sikagesi iBaihetan, iSiteshi sikagesi iXiluodu, kanye neSiteshi sikagesi iXiangjiaba.
Ngo-11:12 ekuseni ngoJuni 16, 2021, iyunithi yokugcina yeSiteshi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower, isiteshi sikagesi sesikhombisa emhlabeni nesesine ngobukhulu eShayina, yaqeda ngempumelelo umsebenzi wokuhlola amahora angu-72 futhi yahlanganiswa neSouthern Power Grid, yaqaliswa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi. Kuleli qophelo, wonke amayunithi angu-12 eSiteshi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower aseqalile ukusebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi.
Isiteshi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower siwumklamo wokuqala omkhulu wamandla kagesi onama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-10 iShayina eqale ukwakhiwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngokugcwele kusukela eNgqungqutheleni Kazwelonke ye-18 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina. Siwumklamo obalulekile wokusekela ukusebenzisa isu "lokuThunyelwa kwamandla eNtshonalanga East" nokwakha uhlelo lwamandla oluhlanzekile, olusebenzisa ikhabhoni encane, oluphephile nolusebenza kahle.
3. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseShilongba
Isiteshi sikagesi iShilongba Hydropower yisiteshi sokuqala sikagesi eShayina. Saqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni koBukhosi baseQing futhi saqedwa eRiphabhulikhi yaseShayina. Sakhiwa yinkampani ezimele ngaleso sikhathi futhi sitholakala ezindaweni eziphezulu zoMfula iTangle eHaikou, eSifundeni saseXishan, eDolobheni laseKunming, eSifundazweni saseYunnan.
4. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseManwan
Isiteshi sikagesi iManwan Hydropower yisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu esingabizi kakhulu, kanye nesiteshi sokuqala sikagesi i-hydropower esiyizigidi zama-kilowatt esakhiwe esikhungweni sikagesi iLancang River. Esiphezulu yiSiteshi sikagesi iXiaowan Hydropower, kanti esingezansi yiSiteshi sikagesi iDachaoshan Hydropower.
5. Isiteshi sikagesi iTianba Hydropower
Isiteshi sikagesi iTianba Hydropower sitholakala eMfuleni iChuhe eZhenba County, eSifundazweni saseShaanxi. Siqala eSiteshini sikagesi iXiaonanhai futhi siphela emlonyeni woMfula iPianxi eSifundazweni saseZhenba. Singaphansi kwephrojekthi yohlobo lwesigaba sesine esincane (1), kanti izinga lesakhiwo eliyinhloko liyisigaba sesine kanti izinga lesibili lesakhiwo liyisigaba sesihlanu.
6. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi iThree Gorges
Idamu iThree Gorges, elaziwa nangokuthi iThree Gorges Water Conservancy Hub Project noma iThree Gorges Project, liyisiteshi sikagesi samanzi esinezitebhisi.
Ingxenye ye-Xiling Gorge yoMfula iYangtze, etholakala eDolobheni laseYichang, eSifundazweni saseHubei, eShayina, iyisiteshi sikagesi samanzi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kanye nephrojekthi yobunjiniyela enkulu kunazo zonke eyake yakhiwa eShayina.
Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi iThree Gorges savunyelwa ukwakhiwa yiNational People's Congress ngo-1992, saqala ukwakhiwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1994, saqala ukugcina amanzi kanye nokukhiqizwa kukagesi ntambama mhla lu-1 kuJuni 2003, saphothulwa ngo-2009.
Ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla yizinzuzo ezintathu ezinkulu zePhrojekthi ye-Three Gorges, lapho ukulawula izikhukhula kubhekwa khona njengenzuzo eyinhloko yePhrojekthi ye-Three Gorges.
7. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseBaishan
Isiteshi sikagesi iBaishan Hydropower yisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina. Siyiphrojekthi ekhiqiza ugesi kakhulu futhi inezinzuzo zokusetshenziswa okuphelele njengokulawula izikhukhula kanye nokufuywa kwezinhlanzi. Siwumthombo wamandla okusika uboya oyinhloko, ukulawulwa kwemvamisa, kanye nomthombo wamandla okusekelayo ophuthumayo wohlelo lwamandla iNortheast.
8. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseFengman
Isiteshi sikagesi iFengman Hydropower, esiseMfuleni iSonghua eDolobheni laseJilin, eSifundazweni saseJilin, saziwa ngokuthi “umama wamandla kagesi” kanye “nokuzalwa kwamandla kagesi aseShayina”. Sakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuthathwa kweJapane eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeShayina ngo-1937 futhi sasiyisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Asia ngaleso sikhathi.
9. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseLongtan
Isiteshi sikagesi iLongtan Hydropower, esitholakala ngamakhilomitha ayi-15 phezulu komfula weTian'e County eGuangxi, siyiphrojekthi ephawulekayo ye-“West East Power Transmission”.
10. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseXiluodu
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Xiluodu Hydropower sitholakala engxenyeni yoMfula i-Jinsha lapho kuhlangana khona iLeibo County eSifundazweni saseSichuan kanye neYongshan County eSifundazweni saseYunnan. Singomunye wemithombo yamandla eyinhloko ye-"West East Power Transmission" yaseShayina, ikakhulukazi yokukhiqizwa kwamandla, futhi sinezinzuzo eziphelele njengokulawula izikhukhula, ukuvimba indle, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuthunyelwa kwamanzi ezansi komfula.
11. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi saseXiangjiaba
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Xiangjiaba Hydropower sitholakala emngceleni weDolobha laseYibin, iSifundazwe saseSichuan kanye neDolobha laseShuifu, iSifundazwe saseYunnan, futhi siyisiteshi sikagesi i-hydropower esiphezulu sokugcina seSizinda sikagesi i-Jinsha River Hydropower. Iqembu lokuqala lamayunithi laqala ukusebenza ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi ngoNovemba 2012.
12. Isiteshi sikagesi samanzi sase-Ertan
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Ertan Hydropower sitholakala emngceleni wezifunda zaseYanbian naseMiyi ePanzhihua City, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSifundazwe saseSichuan, eShayina. Saqala ukwakhiwa ngoSepthemba 1991, iyunithi yokuqala yaqala ukukhiqiza ugesi ngoJulayi 1998, futhi saqedwa ngo-2000. Yisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke esakhiwa futhi saqala ukusebenza eShayina ngekhulu lama-20.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-27-2024
