Isiteshi esiphehla ugesi ngamanzi sinohlelo olusebenza ngamanzi, isistimu yomshini, kanye nethuluzi lokuphehla amandla kagesi. Iphrojekthi yehabhu yokonga amanzi eqaphela ukuguqulwa kwamandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi. Ukusimama kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kudinga ukusetshenziswa okungaphazamiseki kwamandla amanzi eziteshini zokuphehla amandla kagesi.
Ngokwakha i-hydroelectric reservoir system, ukusatshalaliswa kwemithombo yamanzi ngesikhathi nasemkhathini kungalawulwa ngokuzenzela futhi kushintshwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukusetshenziswa okusimeme kwemithombo yamanzi. Ukuze kuguqulwe ngempumelelo amandla amanzi echibini libe amandla kagesi, isiteshi sikagesi esiphehla amandla kagesi sidinga ukuqaliswa ngohlelo lukagesi olusebenza ngamanzi kanye nolukagesi, oluhlanganisa ikakhulukazi amapayipi okuphambukisa umfutho, izinjini zomoya, amajeneretha, namapayipi angemuva.
1. Hlanza Umhubhe Wamandla
Ngomhla ziyi-11 ku-Agasti 2023, i-China Three Gorges Corporation yamemezela ukuthi umhubhe omkhulu wamandla ahlanzekile omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni unamayunithi asebenzayo ayi-100, okwenza kube nokuphakama okusha konyaka ngokwenani lamayunithi aqalisiwe.
Iziteshi eziyisithupha zikagesi ze-Cascade zase-Wudongde, i-Baihetan, i-Xiluodu, i-Xiangjiaba, i-Three Gorges, ne-Gezhouba emfudlaneni omkhulu woMfula i-Yangtze ukuze kusetshenziswe futhi kuphathwe uhlelo lwamandla oMfula i-Yangtze ndawonye zakha umhubhe wamandla ahlanzekile omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni.
2. Iziteshi zikagesi zaseChina
1. I-Jinsha River Baihetan Hydropower Station
Ngomhla zi-3 ku-Agasti, umcimbi wokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Jinsha River Baihetan Hydropower Station waba ngezansi komgodi wesisekelo sedamu. Ngalolo suku, isiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni esakhiwa futhi sifakwa, i-Baihetan Hydropower Station, sangena esigabeni sokwakhiwa okuphelele kwephrojekthi enkulu.
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Baihetan Hydropower Station sisendaweni ephansi yoMfula i-Jinsha esiFundazweni sase-Ningnan, eSifundazweni saseSichuan kanye naseSifundazweni sase-Qiaojia, eSifundazweni sase-Yunnan, esinamandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-16. Ngemva kokuqedwa, ingase ibe isiteshi sikagesi sesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni ngemva kweDamu Lemigobho Emithathu.
Lo msebenzi wakhiwe yi-China Three Gorges Corporation futhi usebenza njengomgogodla womthombo wamandla wesu likazwelonke lamandla “Lokudluliswa kukagesi e-West East East”.
2. Isiteshi samandla kagesi iWudongde
Isiteshi sikagesi iWudongde Hydropower Station siseMfuleni iJinsha lapho kuhlangana khona izifundazwe zaseSichuan naseYunnan. Yisiteshi sokuqala sikagesi esiphehlwa ngamanzi angaphansi kwesiteshi soMfula i-Jinsha, okuyiWudongde, Baihetan Hydropower Station, Xiluodu Hydropower Station, kanye ne-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station.
Ngo-11:12 ekuseni ngo-June 16, 2021, iyunithi yokugcina ye-Wudongde Hydropower Station, isiteshi sikagesi sesikhombisa nesine ngobukhulu emhlabeni e-China, saphothula ngempumelelo ukulinga amahora angama-72 futhi sahlanganiswa ne-Southern Power Grid, yaqalwa ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi. Njengamanje, wonke amayunithi ayi-12 e-Wudongde Hydropower Station aseqalile ukusebenza ukuze akhiqize ugesi.
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Wudongde Hydropower Project siwumklamo wokuqala wokuphehla ugesi omkhulu wamanzi onamandla omthamo wama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-10 i-China eqale ukuwakha futhi yaqala ukusebenza kusukela kuKhongolose Kazwelonke ye-18 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseChina. Kuwuhlelo olubalulekile olusekelayo lokuqalisa ukusebenza kwesu “lokudluliswa kukagesi waseNtshonalanga Mpumalanga” kanye nokwakha uhlelo lwamandla oluhlanzekile, olunekhabhoni ephansi, oluphephile futhi olusebenza kahle.
3. Isiteshi sikagesi saseShilongba
I-Shilongba Hydropower Station iyisiteshi sokuqala sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi e-China. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngasekupheleni kwe-Qing Dynasty futhi yaqedwa eRiphabhulikhi yaseChina. Yakhiwa inhloko-dolobha yangasese ngaleso sikhathi futhi itholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme zomfula iTanglang eHaikou, esifundeni saseXishan, Idolobha laseKunming, esifundazweni saseYunnan.
4. Isiteshi sikagesi saseManwan
Isiteshi sikagesi iManwan Hydropower Station siyisiteshi esikhulu sokuphehla ugesi samanzi esingabizi kakhulu, kanye nesiteshi sikagesi esiyisigidi sokuqala esiphehla ugesi ngama-kilowatt esakhiwa endaweni esetshenziswa uphehla ugesi ngamanzi emfuleni iLancang. Esenhla yi-Xiaowan Hydropower Station, kanti ezansi nomfula yi-Dachaoshan Hydropower Station.
5. Isiteshi sikagesi saseTianba
I-Tianba Hydropower Station itholakala emfuleni iChuhe eZhenba County, esifundazweni saseShaanxi. Iqala eSiteshini Samandla SaseXiaonanhai futhi iphelele emlonyeni womfula iPianxi eZhenba County. Kungokwesigaba sesine sephrojekthi yohlobo oluncane (1), kanti izinga lesakhiwo esikhulu liyikilasi lesine kanye nezinga lesibili lesakhiwo eso isigaba sesihlanu.
6. Three Gorges Hydropower Station
I-Three Gorges Dam, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Three Gorges Water Conservancy Hub Project noma i-Three Gorges Project, iyisiteshi sokuphehla ugesi esinezitebhisi.
Ingxenye ye-Xiling Gorge yoMfula i-Yangtze, eseDolobheni lase-Yichang, eSifundazweni sase-Hubei, e-China, iyisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni futhi siwumsebenzi wobunjiniyela omkhulu kunayo yonke eyake yakhiwa e-China.
I-Three Gorges Hydropower Station yagunyazwa ukwakhiwa yiNgqungquthela Yabantu Kazwelonke ngo-1992, yaqala ukwakhiwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-1994, yaqala ukugcinwa kwamanzi nokuphehlwa kukagesi ntambama mhla lu-1 kuNhlangulana wezi-2003, futhi yaqedwa ngo-2009.
Ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula, ukuphehlwa kukagesi, nokuthutha ngemikhumbi kuyizinzuzo ezintathu ezinkulu ze-Three Gorges Project, phakathi kwazo ukulawulwa kwezikhukhula kuthathwa njengenzuzo eyinhloko ye-Three Gorges Project.
7. Isiteshi sikagesi sase-Baishan
I-Baishan Hydropower Station iyisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Kuwumsebenzi ophehla ugesi ikakhulukazi futhi onezinzuzo eziphelele zokusebenzisa njengokulawula izikhukhula kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini. Iwukushefa okuphezulu okuphezulu, ukulawulwa kwemvamisa, kanye nomthombo wamandla oyisipele ophuthumayo wesistimu yamandla yaseNyakatho-mpumalanga.
8. Fengman Hydropower Station
I-Fengman Hydropower Station, etholakala emfuleni i-Songhua eDolobheni laseJilin, eSifundazweni saseJilin, yaziwa ngokuthi “umama wokuphehlwa ngamanzi” kanye “nesizinda samandla kagesi aseShayina”. Yakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuhlala kweJapan eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina ngo-1937 futhi yayiyisiteshi esikhulu samandla kagesi e-Asia ngaleso sikhathi.
9. Isiteshi sikagesi saseLongtan
I-Longtan Hydropower Station, esendaweni engamakhilomitha angu-15 ukhuphuka nomfula i-Tian'e County e-Guangxi, iwumsebenzi oyingqopha-mlando “we-West East Power Transmission”.
10. Isiteshi sikagesi i-Xiluodu
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Xiluodu sitholakala engxenyeni yomfula i-Jinsha River Gorge enhlanganweni yeSifunda saseLeibo esifundazweni saseSichuan kanye naseSifundazweni saseYongshan esifundazweni saseYunnan. Ingenye yemithombo yamandla ewumgogodla we-China “West East Power Transmission”, ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza ugesi, futhi inezinzuzo ezibanzi njengokulawula izikhukhula, ukunqanyulwa kwenhlabathi, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimo zemikhumbi eziwela ezansi nomfula.
11. Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station sisemngceleni weDolobha i-Yibin, iSifundazwe saseSichuan kanye neDolobha laseShuifu, eSifundazweni saseYunnan, futhi siyisiteshi sokugcina sokuphehla amandla ngamanzi e-Jinsha River Hydropower Base. Iqoqo lokuqala lamayunithi laqalwa ukusebenza ukuze kuphehlwe ugesi ngoNovemba 2012.
12. Ertan Hydropower Station
Isiteshi sikagesi i-Ertan Hydropower sisemngceleni wezifunda zaseYanbian naseMiyi ePanzhihua City, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSifundazwe saseSichuan, eChina. Yaqala ukwakhiwa ngoSepthemba 1991, iyunithi yokuqala yaqala ukuphehla ugesi ngoJulayi 1998, futhi yaqedwa ngo-2000. Yisiteshi sikagesi esikhulu kunazo zonke esakhiwe futhi saqala ukusebenza eShayina ekhulwini lama-20.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-27-2024
