Muva nje, amazwe amaningi aphakamise imigomo yawo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngokulandelana. EYurophu, i-Italy iphakamise umgomo wayo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo wafinyelela ku-64% ngo-2030. Ngokusho kohlelo lwe-Italy olusanda kubuyekezwa lwesimo sezulu namandla, ngo-2030, umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo wase-Italy uzokhuphuka usuka kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-80 uye kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-131, kanti amandla afakwe yi-photovoltaic kanye namandla omoya afinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-79 kanye nama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-28.1 ngokulandelana. I-Portugal iphakamise umgomo wayo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo wafinyelela kuma-56% ngo-2030. Ngokusho kokulindelekile kukahulumeni wasePortugal, umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo wezwe uzokhuphuka usuka kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-27.4 uye kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-42.8 ngo-2030. Umthamo ofakiwe we-photovoltaic kanye namandla omoya uzofinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-21 kanye nama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-10.4 ngokulandelana, kanti umgomo wokufakwa kwamaseli e-electrolytic uzokhuphuka ufike kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-5.5. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo ePortugal kulindeleke ukuthi kudinge ukutshalwa kwezimali okungama-euro ayizigidigidi ezingama-75, kanti uxhaso luvela kakhulu emkhakheni ozimele.
EMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-United Arab Emirates isanda kumemezela isu layo lakamuva lamandla kazwelonke, elihlela ukuphindeka kabili ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo ngo-2030. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izwe lizotshala imali ecishe ibe yizigidigidi ezingama-54.44 zamaRandi emandleni avuselelekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo samandla esikhulayo ngenxa yokukhula kwabantu. Leli su lihlanganisa futhi isu elisha lamandla e-hydrogen kazwelonke kanye nokusungulwa kwenethiwekhi yesiteshi sokushaja izimoto zikagesi kazwelonke, kanye nezinqubomgomo zokulawula imakethe yezimoto zikagesi.
E-Asia, uhulumeni waseVietnam usanda kuvuma uhlelo lwesishiyagalombili lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla eVietnam (PDP8). I-PDP8 ifaka phakathi uhlelo lokuthuthukiswa kukagesi lwaseVietnam kuze kube ngu-2030 kanye nombono walo kuze kube ngu-2050. Ngokuphathelene namandla avuselelekayo, i-PDP 8 ibikezela ukuthi ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo izofinyelela ku-30.9% kuya ku-39.2% ngo-2030, kanye no-67.5% kuya ku-71.5% ngo-2050. NgoDisemba 2022, iVietnam kanye ne-IPG (amalungu e-International Partnership Group) bakhiphe isitatimende esihlangene mayelana “noBambiswano Lokuguquka Kwamandla Afanele”. Eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ezayo, iVietnam izothola okungenani amaRandi ayizigidigidi eziyi-15.5, azosetshenziselwa ukusiza iVietnam ekusheshiseni ukuguquka kwayo kusuka emalahleni iye emandleni ahlanzekile. I-PDP 8 iphakamisa ukuthi uma "i-Fair Energy Transition Partnership" isetshenziswa ngokugcwele, isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo eVietnam sizofinyelela ku-47% ngo-2030. UMnyango Wezomnotho waseMalaysia umemezele isibuyekezo semigomo yawo yokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, ehlose ukubala cishe u-70% wesakhiwo sikagesi sikazwelonke ngo-2050, ngenkathi isusa izithiyo zokuhweba eziwela imingcele yamandla avuselelekayo. Umgomo wokuthuthukiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo owabekwa yiMalaysia ngo-2021 ukubala u-40% wesakhiwo sikagesi. Lokhu kubuyekezwa kusho ukuthi amandla kagesi avuselelekayo afakiwe ezweni azokwanda ngokuphindwe kayishumi kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2050. UMnyango Wezomnotho waseMalaysia uthe ukuze kufezwe imigomo emisha yokuthuthukiswa, kudingeka ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaba yizigidigidi ezingu-143 zamaRandi aseMelika, okuhlanganisa nengqalasizinda yegridi, ukuhlanganiswa kwesistimu yokugcina amandla, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kwesistimu yenethiwekhi.
Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, amazwe aya ngokuya ebazisa futhi ekhulisa njalo ukutshalwa kwezimali kwawo emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo, futhi umfutho wokukhula emikhakheni ehlobene uyabonakala. Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, iJalimane yengeze ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-8 zamandla afakwe yilanga nomoya. Iqhutshwa umoya ophehlwayo kanye namandla elanga olwandle, amandla avuselelekayo ahlangabezana no-52% wesidingo sikagesi saseJalimane. Ngokusho kohlelo lwamandla lwangaphambilini lwaseJalimane, ngo-2030, u-80% wamandla ayo azovela emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengelanga, umoya, i-biomass, kanye namandla e-hydro.
Ngokusho kombiko wakamuva ovela kwi-International Energy Agency, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo okwandisiwe, ukukhuphuka kwentengo kaphethiloli wezinto ezingaphili, kanye nokwanda kokunaka ezindabeni zokuphepha kwamandla kuqhuba ukuthunyelwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kanye nawomoya. Imboni yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi isheshise intuthuko ngo-2023, kanti amandla amasha afakiwe kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke cishe ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu unyaka nonyaka, kanti ukufakwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic kanye nawomoya kukhula kakhulu. Ngo-2024, amandla avuselelekayo omhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke afike kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.5, futhi lokhu kwanda okunamandla kwenzeka ezimakethe ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele, okuhlanganisa iYurophu, i-United States, i-India, kanye ne-China. I-International Energy Agency ibikezela ukuthi utshalomali lomhlaba wonke lwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-380 luzongena emkhakheni wamandla elanga kulo nyaka, ludlule utshalomali emkhakheni kawoyela okokuqala. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngo-2024, amandla okukhiqiza embonini ye-photovoltaic azophindeka kabili. Ngaphezu kokwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla e-photovoltaic ezinkulu ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni jikelele, izinhlelo zokukhiqizwa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ezincane nazo zibonisa ukuthambekela kokukhula okusheshayo. Emkhakheni wamandla omoya, njengoba amaphrojekthi kagesi omoya ayebambezelekile ngaphambilini ngesikhathi sobhubhane eqhubeka nokuthuthuka, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya emhlabeni wonke kuzokhuphuka kakhulu kulo nyaka, ngokukhula konyaka nonyaka okungaba ngu-70%. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zamandla avuselelekayo njengokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga nawomoya ziya ngokuya ziphansi, futhi amazwe amaningi ayaqaphela ukuthi ukuthuthukisa amandla avuselelekayo akuzuzisi nje kuphela ekubhekaneni nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kodwa futhi kunikeza izixazululo ezibalulekile zokubhekana nezinkinga zokuphepha kwamandla.
Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kusenegebe elikhulu ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamandla azinzile emazweni asathuthuka. Selokhu kwamukelwa iSivumelwano saseParis ngo-2015, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamanye amazwe kumandla avuselelekayo sekuphindwe kabili ngo-2022, kodwa iningi lawo ligxile emazweni athuthukile. Ngomhlaka-5 Julayi, iNgqungquthela Yezizwe Ezihlangene Yezohwebo Nentuthuko ikhiphe uMbiko Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Womhlaba ka-2023, owaveza ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022 kubonise ukusebenza okuqinile, kodwa kusadingeka kuthuthukiswe. Igebe lokutshalwa kwezimali lemigomo yentuthuko eqhubekayo lifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-$4 trillion ngonyaka. Kwamazwe asathuthuka, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwawo kumandla azinzile kusala ngemuva kokukhula kwesidingo. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi amazwe asathuthuka adinga cishe ama-$1.7 trillion ekutshalweni kwezimali kwamandla avuselelekayo minyaka yonke, kodwa adonse ama-$544 billion kuphela ngo-2022. I-International Energy Agency iphinde yaveza umbono ofanayo kuMbiko wayo Wokutshalwa Kwezimali Kwamandla Omhlaba ka-2023, ithi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla ahlanzekile emhlabeni wonke akungalingani, kanti igebe lokutshalwa kwezimali elikhulu kunawo wonke livela ezimakethe ezisafufusa kanye namazwe asathuthuka. Uma la mazwe engasheshisi ukushintshela kwawo kumandla ahlanzekile, isimo samandla omhlaba wonke sizobhekana negebe elisha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-29-2023
