Amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi ubuchwepheshe besayensi obufunda ngezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho njengokwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kanye nokuphathwa kokukhiqiza. Amandla amanzi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi asebenza ngamanzi ngokuyinhloko amandla angaba khona agcinwe emanzini. Ukuze kuguqulwe amandla kagesi abe ugesi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziteshi zamandla kagesi zidinga ukwakhiwa.
1. Isingeniso esiyisisekelo: Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi emifuleni, emachibini, njll. Atholakala ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi anamandla angase abe khona, ageleza aye ezindaweni eziphakeme futhi aguqule amandla angase abe khona abe amandla e-kinetic e-turbine yamanzi, asetshenziswa njengamandla okushayela i-generator ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi. Ukusebenzisa amandla e-hydraulic (anekhanda lamanzi) ukushayela ukujikeleza kwemishini ye-hydraulic (i-turbine yamanzi), ukuguqula amandla amanzi abe amandla emishini. Uma olunye uhlobo lomshini (i-generator) luxhunywe ku-turbine yamanzi, lungakhiqiza ugesi njengoba i-turbine ijikeleza, bese luguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi. Ngomqondo othile, amandla e-hydropower inqubo yokuguqula amandla angase abe khona amanzi abe amandla emishini, bese kuba amandla kagesi. Ngenxa ye-voltage ephansi yokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi ekhiqizwa izitshalo zamandla kagesi, uma izodluliselwa kubasebenzisi abakude, idinga ukukhushulwa ngama-transformer, bese idluliselwa eziteshini ezincane ezindaweni ezigxile kubasebenzisi ngemigqa yokudlulisa umoya, ekugcineni yehliswe ibe yi-voltage efanele abasebenzisi basekhaya kanye nemishini kagesi yasefektri, bese idluliselwa ezimbonini nasemakhaya ahlukahlukene ngemigqa yokusabalalisa. 2、 Isimiso esiyisisekelo sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngokusebenzisa ukwehla kwezinga lamanzi ukubambisana nejeneretha kagesi ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla, okungukuthi, ukuguqula amandla angaba khona amanzi abe amandla omshini we-hydraulic turbine, bese usebenzisa amandla omshini ukuqhuba ijeneretha ukuze ithole amandla kagesi. Ososayensi basebenzise ngempumelelo izimo zemvelo ezifana nobunjiniyela bokugeleza kanye ne-physics yemishini ngokusebenzisa izinga lamanzi elinciphayo. Futhi zihambisana ngokucophelela ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okuphezulu kakhulu kwabantu ukuze basebenzise ugesi oshibhile futhi ongenangcoliso. Amazinga amanzi aphansi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, amunca ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ajikeleze ngoLwesihlanu Lomhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela abuyisele imithombo yamanzi ephezulu.
Kuze kube manje, isilinganiso samandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi siyahlukahluka kusukela kumashumi amaningana ama-watts asetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya zezwe elingaphansi kuya kuzigidi eziningana zama-watts asetshenziswa ekuhlinzekweni kwamandla emadolobheni amakhulu. 3. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlukaniswa ngokwehla okugxilile, okuhlanganisa iziteshi zamandla kagesi ohlobo lwamadamu, iziteshi zamandla kagesi ohlobo lokuphambukisa, iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezihlanganisiwe, iziteshi zamandla kagesi olwandle, kanye neziteshi zamandla okugcina amanzi ezipompiwe. Ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokulawulwa kokuphuma kwamanzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuneziteshi zamandla kagesi olawula amanzi noma cha. Ngokwemvelo yomthombo wamanzi, ngokuvamile ubizwa ngokuthi isiteshi samandla kagesi esivamile, esisebenzisa imifula yemvelo, amachibi, kanye neminye imithombo yamanzi ukukhiqiza ugesi. Iziteshi zamandla kagesi zingahlukaniswa zibe yizinhloko eziphakeme (ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-70), izinhloko eziphakathi (amamitha angu-15-70), kanye nezinhloko eziphansi (ngaphansi kwamamitha angu-15) ngokusekelwe ezinhloko zazo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokuya ngomthamo ofakiwe weziteshi zamandla kagesi, zingahlukaniswa zibe iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezinkulu, eziphakathi, nezincane. Ngokuvamile, iziteshi ezincane zamandla kagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi ezinomthamo ofakiwe ongaphansi kwama-kilowatts angu-5000 zibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezincane, lezo ezinomthamo ofakiwe ophakathi kwama-kilowatts angu-5000 no-100000 zibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zamandla kagesi eziphakathi nendawo, kanti lezo ezinomthamo ofakiwe ongaphezu kwama-kilowatts angu-100000 zibizwa ngokuthi iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezinkulu noma iziteshi zamandla kagesi ezinkulu. 4, I-Advantage hydropower ingumthombo wamandla ahlanzekile angapheli futhi avuselelekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuze usebenzise amandla amanzi emvelo ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukwakha izakhiwo ze-hydraulic ngesandla ezingagxilisa ukwehla kokugeleza kwamanzi nokulawula ukugeleza, njengamadamu, amapayipi okuphambukisa, kanye nama-culvert. Ngakho-ke, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi kukhulu futhi umjikelezo wokwakha mude. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kunokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwamandla eziphansi, ukuqala okusheshayo kweyunithi, kanye nokulungiswa okulula. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kokugeleza kwamanzi emvelo, kuthinteka kakhulu yizimo zemvelo. Amandla kagesi agelezayo avame ukuba yingxenye ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi okuphelele, okwenza uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi oluphelele oluhlanganisa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, ukunisela, ukulawula izikhukhula, ezokuvakasha, njll. Amandla kagesi agelezayo angumthombo wamandla avuselelekayo onethonya elincane emvelweni. Ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngogesi oshibhile, futhi unezinzuzo ezilandelayo: ukulawula izikhukhula, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi okunisela, ukuthuthukisa ukuhamba kwemifula, kanye nokuthuthukisa ezokuthutha, ukuphakelwa kukagesi, kanye nomnotho esifundeni, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukisa ezokuvakasha kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2023
