Imboni yamandla kagesi, njengemboni eyisisekelo yomnotho wezwe, ihlobene kakhulu nentuthuko yomnotho wezwe kanye nezinguquko esakhiweni sezimboni. Njengamanje, ukusebenza kwemboni yamandla kagesi kagesi eShayina kuzinzile, ngokwanda kwamandla okufakwa kwamandla kagesi, ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza amandla kagesi, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwamandla kagesi, kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokukhula kokubhaliswa kwamabhizinisi ahlobene namandla kagesi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke "yokulondolozwa kwamandla nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya", ukushintsha amandla nokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya sekuyinto ewusizo eShayina, futhi amandla kagesi kagesi asephenduke ukhetho olukhethwayo lwamandla avuselelekayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi ubuchwepheshe besayensi obufunda ngezinkinga zobuchwepheshe nezomnotho zokwakha nokukhiqiza kobunjiniyela okuguqula amandla amanzi abe ugesi. Amandla amanzi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi ngokuyinhloko amandla angaba khona agcinwe ezindaweni zamanzi. Ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla kagesi abe ugesi, izinhlobo ezahlukene zeziteshi zamandla kagesi ngamanzi zidinga ukwakhiwa.
Ukuqaliswa kwamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi kuhlanganisa ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi, bese kuba ukusebenza kwamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi. Imboni yamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa ugesi ixhumanisa ugesi nemboni yamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa ugesi ukuze kufezwe uxhumano lwegridi. Umsebenzi wokwakha isiteshi samandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi uhlanganisa ukubonisana nokuhlelwa kobunjiniyela bokuqala, ukuthengwa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yesiteshi samandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi asebenzisa amanzi, kanye nokwakhiwa kokugcina. Ukwakheka kwezimboni zamandla kagesi asebenzisa amanzi ...
Ngokukhuthazwa kokukhula komnotho waseShayina, ukuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuhlinzeka kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha komnotho, ukulondolozwa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nokukhula okuluhlaza sekuyisivumelwano sentuthuko yomnotho. Imboni yamandla kagesi ithole ukunakwa okukhulu kohulumeni kuzo zonke izigaba kanye nokusekelwa okubalulekile okuvela ezinqubweni zezimboni zikazwelonke. Izwe liye lethula ngokulandelana izinqubomgomo eziningi zokusekela intuthuko yemboni yamandla kagesi kagesi. Izinqubomgomo zezimboni ezifana noHlelo Lokusebenza Lokuxazulula Inkinga Yamanzi, Umoya, Nokukhanya Okulahliwe, Isaziso Sokusungula Nokuthuthukisa Indlela Yokuqinisekisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo, kanye noHlelo Lokusebenza Lomsebenzi Wokukhangisa Wezindaba Zikahulumeni ka-2021 woMnyango Wezinsiza Zamanzi kuhlinzeke ngamathuba amakhulu emakethe okuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla kagesi kagesi kanye nendawo enhle yokukhiqiza nokusebenza kwamabhizinisi.
Ukuhlaziywa okujulile kwemboni yamandla kagesi
Ngokusho kophenyo lwebhizinisi, eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla afakiwe kagesi wamanzi eShayina abelokhu ekhula unyaka nonyaka, kusukela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-333 ngo-2016 kuya kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-370 ngo-2020, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-2.7%. Idatha yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, amandla ahlanganisiwe kagesi wamanzi eShayina afinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-391 (kufaka phakathi ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-36 zesitoreji esipompiwe), ukwanda okungu-5.6% unyaka nonyaka.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inani lokubhaliswa kwamabhizinisi ahlobene nogesi wamanzi eShayina likhule ngokushesha, kusukela ngo-198000 ngo-2016 laya ku-539000 ngo-2019, ngesilinganiso sokukhula okuhlanganisiwe sonyaka esingu-39.6%. Ngo-2020, izinga lokukhula lokubhaliswa kwamabhizinisi ahlobene nogesi wamanzi lehla futhi lehla. Idatha yakamuva ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2021, kwakunamabhizinisi abhalisiwe angu-483000 ahlobene nogesi wamanzi eShayina, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka okungu-7.3%.
Kusukela ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla afakiwe, kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2021, isifundazwe esinesilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi eShayina kwakuyiSifundazwe saseSichuan, esinomthamo ofakiwe wama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-88.87, silandelwe yiYunnan enekhono elifakiwe lama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-78.2; Izifundazwe ezibekwe endaweni yesibili kuya kweyeshumi yiHubei, iGuizhou, iGuangxi, iGuangdong, iHunan, iFujian, iZhejiang, neQinghai, ezinomthamo ofakiwe osukela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-10 kuya ku-40.
Ngokombono wokukhiqizwa kukagesi, ngo-2021, isifunda esasinamandla amakhulu okukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi eShayina kwakuyiSichuan, lapho amandla kagesi ngamanzi akhiqizwa khona angama-kilowatt amahora angu-353.14 billion, alinganiselwa ku-26.37%; Okwesibili, amandla kagesi ngamanzi esifundeni saseYunnan angama-kilowatt amahora angu-271.63 billion, alinganiselwa ku-20.29%; Futhi, amandla kagesi ngamanzi esifundeni saseHubei angama-kilowatt amahora angu-153.15 billion, alinganiselwa ku-11.44%.
Ngokombono womthamo ofakiwe wemboni yamandla kagesi aseShayina, iChangjiang Power iyibhizinisi elikhulu kunawo wonke ngokwekhono lokufakwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi. Ngo-2021, umthamo ofakiwe we-hydropower waseChangjiang Power wawungaphezu kuka-11% wezwe, kanti umthamo ofakiwe we-hydropower ngaphansi kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu okukhiqiza amandla kagesi wawungaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yezwe; Ngokombono wokukhiqiza amandla kagesi asemanzini, ngo-2021, ingxenye yokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi eMfuleni iYangtze yadlula u-15%, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asemanzini ngaphansi kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu okukhiqiza amandla kagesi kwadlula cishe u-20% wenani likazwelonke. Ngokombono wesilinganiso sokuhlushwa kwemakethe, inani lamaqembu amahlanu okufaka amandla kagesi aseShayina kanye neYangtze River Power licishe libe yisigamu sesabelo semakethe; Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi asemanzini kuba ngaphezu kuka-30% wezwe, futhi imboni inesilinganiso sokuhlushwa okuphezulu.
Ngokusho “kombiko Wokubikezela Okujulile Kwemboni Yamandla Kagesi WaseShayina ka-2022-2027 kanye Nombiko Wokubikezela Amathemba Entuthuko” yi-China Research Institute of Industry
Imboni yamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi yaseShayina ibuswa kakhulu yizinkampani zikahulumeni eziphethwe yibodwa. Ngaphezu kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu okukhiqiza ugesi, kunezinkampani eziningi ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza ugesi ebhizinisini lamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi laseShayina. Amabhizinisi angaphandle kwamaqembu amahlanu amakhulu, amelelwe yiYangtze Power, makhulu kakhulu ngokwekhono lokufaka ugesi wamanzi ngalinye. Ngokwesabelo somthamo ofakiwe ugesi wangaphansi kwamanzi, isigaba sokuncintisana semboni yamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi yaseShayina singahlukaniswa cishe sibe yizigaba ezimbili, lapho amaqembu amahlanu amakhulu kanye neYangtze Power zibekwe kuqala.
Amathemba Okuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla Kagesi Wamanzi
Ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba kanye nokuncipha okwandayo kwamafutha emvelo, ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuthola ukunakwa okuvela emphakathini wamazwe omhlaba, futhi ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla avuselelekayo sekuyinto evunyelwene ngayo phakathi kwamazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi ngamanzi kuwumthombo wamandla ohlanzekile futhi ovuselelekayo onobuchwepheshe obuvuthiwe obungathuthukiswa ngezinga elikhulu. Izindawo zokugcina izinsiza zamandla kagesi eShayina zibekwe endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni. Ukuthuthukisa ngamandla amandla kagesi ngamanzi akuyona nje indlela ebalulekile yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi okushisa ukushisa, kodwa futhi kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukukhuthaza ukongiwa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi, kanye nokufeza intuthuko esimeme.
Ngemva kwezizukulwane eziningana zomzabalazo oqhubekayo wabasebenzi bamandla kagesi, izinguquko kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye nomkhuba onesibindi, imboni yamandla kagesi kagesi yaseShayina ifinyelele intuthuko yomlando kusukela kokuncane kuya kokukhulu, kusukela ebuthaka kuya kokuqinile, kanye nokulandela nokuhola. Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kobuchwepheshe, amayunithi ahlukahlukene kagesi kagesi kagesi kanye nezisebenzi eShayina zithembele kubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu njengobuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nedatha enkulu ukuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nokuphepha kwamadamu.
Ngesikhathi se-14th Five Year Plan, i-China yachaza umkhawulo wesikhathi sokufeza imigomo yokwanda kwekhabhoni kanye nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, okwenza izinhlobo eziningi zamandla zizwa amathuba nezingcindezi eziza ngesikhathi esisodwa. Njengommeleli wamandla avuselelekayo, amandla angaphansi kwamanzi, esimweni sezulu somhlaba wonke kanye nokuncipha kwamandla, isidingo sentuthuko esimeme sokwenza ngcono isakhiwo samandla sizoqhubeka nokuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla angaphansi kwamanzi.
Esikhathini esizayo, iShayina kufanele igxile kubuchwepheshe obubalulekile njengokwakha okuhlakaniphile, ukusebenza okuhlakaniphile, kanye nemishini ehlakaniphile yamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi, ikhuthaze ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi, iqinise, ilungise, futhi yandise amandla ahlanzekile, yandise intuthuko yamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi kanye namandla amasha, futhi ithuthukise njalo izinga lokwakhiwa okuhlakaniphile kanye nokuphathwa kokusebenza kweziteshi zamandla kagesi angaphansi kwamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-10-2023
