Imifula igeleza izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, equkethe amandla amakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amanzi emvelo kugesi kubizwa ngokuthi i-hydropower. Izakhi ezimbili eziyisisekelo ezakha amandla asebenza ngamanzi ukugeleza nekhanda. Ukugeleza kunqunywa umfula ngokwawo, futhi izinga lokusebenzisa amandla e-kinetic lokusebenzisa ngokuqondile amanzi omfula liyoba liphansi kakhulu, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa yonke ingxenye yomfula ngama-turbines amanzi.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydraulic ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa amandla angaba khona, futhi kufanele kwehle ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angaba khona. Kodwa-ke, ukuwa kwemvelo kwemifula ngokuvamile kwenzeka kancane kancane eduze nokugeleza komfula, futhi phakathi nebanga elifushane, ukuwa kwemvelo kokugeleza kwamanzi kuncane kakhulu. Kudingeka kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele zobunjiniyela ukuze kwandiswe ukwehla ngokwenziwa, okuwukugxilisa ukuwa kwemvelo okuhlakazekile ukuze kwakhiwe inhloko yamanzi esebenzisekayo.
Izinzuzo zamandla kagesi
1. Ukuvuselelwa kwamandla amanzi
Amandla amanzi avela emanzini emvelo agelezayo, akhiwa ikakhulukazi igesi yemvelo nokujikeleza kwamanzi. Ukujikeleza kwamanzi kwenza amandla amanzi aphinde asetshenziswe futhi asetshenziswe kabusha, ngakho amandla amanzi abizwa ngokuthi "amandla avuselelekayo". "Amandla avuselelekayo" anesikhundla esiyingqayizivele ekwakhiweni kwamandla.
2. Imithombo yamanzi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphelele
Amandla kagesi asebenzisa amandla okugeleza kwamanzi kuphela futhi awawadli amanzi. Ngakho-ke, imithombo yamanzi ingasetshenziswa ngokuphelele, futhi ngaphezu kokuphehlwa kukagesi, ingazuza ngesikhathi esisodwa ekulawuleni izikhukhula, ukuchelela, ukuthunyelwa ngemikhumbi, ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukufuywa kwezilwane zasemanzini, ezokuvakasha, kanye nezinye izici, futhi benze intuthuko enezinjongo eziningi.
3. Ukulawulwa kwamandla amanzi
Amandla kagesi awakwazi ukugcinwa, futhi ukukhiqiza nokusebenzisa kuqedwa kanyekanye. Amandla amanzi angagcinwa kuma-reservoirs, akhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesistimu yamandla. Amadamu asebenza njengezindawo zokugcina amandla zohlelo lwamandla. Ukulawulwa kwamachibi kuthuthukisa ikhono lesistimu yamandla okulawula imithwalo, ukwandisa ukwethembeka kanye nokuguquguquka kokunikezwa kwamandla.
4. Ukubuyiselwa emuva kokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi
I-turbine yamanzi eqondisa amanzi ukusuka endaweni ephakeme ukuya endaweni ephansi ingakhiqiza ugesi futhi iguqule amandla amanzi abe amandla kagesi; Ngokulandelayo, imizimba yamanzi etholakala emazingeni aphansi imuncwa amaphampu kagesi futhi ithunyelwe kuma-reservoirs emazingeni aphezulu ukuze igcinwe, iguqule amandla kagesi abe amandla amanzi. Ukusebenzisa ukubuyiseleka emuva kokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukuze kwakhiwe iziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo kunendima eyingqayizivele ekwenzeni ngcono ikhono lokulawula umthwalo wesistimu yamandla.
5. Ukuguquguquka kokusebenza kweyunithi
Amayunithi aphehla amandla kagesi anemishini elula, evumelana nezimo futhi ethembekile, futhi kulula kakhulu ukukhulisa noma ukunciphisa imithwalo. Angaqalwa ngokushesha noma amiswe ngokuya ngezidingo zabasebenzisi, futhi kulula ukufeza i-automation. Afaneleka kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi yokushefa okuphezulu kanye nokushintshashintsha izikhathi zohlelo lwamandla, kanye nokusebenza njengokulinda izimo eziphuthumayo, ukulungisa umthwalo, neminye imisebenzi. Bangakhuphula ukuthembeka kwesistimu yamandla, ngezinzuzo ezivelele eziguqukayo. Iziteshi zamandla kagesi yizona ezithwala imithwalo enamandla ohlelweni lwamandla.
6. Izindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi
Amandla kagesi awawudli uphethiloli, futhi awadingi inani elikhulu labasebenzi kanye nezinsiza ezitshalwe ekuxhashazweni nasekuthuthweni kukaphethiloli. Imishini ilula, inama-opharetha ambalwa, amandla asizayo amancane, impilo ende yesevisi yemishini, nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza nezokulungisa. Ngakho-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza zamandla kagesi eziteshini zikagesi ziphansi, kuphela i-1/5 kuya ku-1/8 yaleyo yesiteshi samandla kagesi. Ukwengeza, izinga lokusebenzisa amandla eziteshini zikagesi liphezulu, lifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-85%, kanti elesiteshi sikagesi wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi licishe libe ngama-40%.
7. Kuyasiza ekwenzeni ngcono indawo ezungezile
Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi akuyingcolisi imvelo. Indawo enkulu yamanzi echibini ilawula i-microclimate yesifunda kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwesikhashana kanye nendawo yokugeleza kwamanzi, okulungele ukuthuthukisa imvelo yemvelo yezindawo ezizungezile. Ezimbonini zamandla aphehlwa ngamalahle, ithani ngalinye lamalahle aluhlaza lidinga ukukhipha cishe u-30kg we-SO2, futhi ngaphezu kuka-30kg wothuli lwezinhlayiya kukhishwa. Ngokwezibalo zezitshalo zamandla kagesi ezibaselwa ngamalahle ezinkulu ezingu-50 ezweni lonke, u-90% wezitshalo zikagesi zikhipha i-SO2 ngokugxila okungaphezu kuka-860mg/m3, okuwukungcola okubi kakhulu. Emhlabeni wanamuhla lapho kugxilwa kakhulu ezindabeni zemvelo, ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi kanye nokwandisa ingxenye yamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi eShayina kubaluleke kakhulu ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa kwemvelo.
Ukungalungi kwamandla kagesi
Utshalomali olukhulu lwesikhathi esisodwa - umsebenzi omkhulu womhlaba kanye nemisebenzi ekhonkolo yokwakhiwa kweziteshi zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzodala ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezikhukhula futhi kudinga ukuthi kukhokhwe izindleko ezinkulu zokuhlaliswa kabusha; Isikhathi sokwakha futhi side kunokwakhiwa kwezitshalo zamandla ashisayo, okuthinta inzuzo yezimali zokwakha. Ngisho noma okunye ukutshalwa kwezimali kumaphrojekthi okonga amanzi kwabelwa iminyango eyahlukene yabahlomuli, ukutshalwa kwezimali nge-kilowatt ngayinye kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi kuphezulu kakhulu kunaleyo yamandla ashisayo. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni okuzayo, ukonga ezindlekweni zokusebenza zonyaka kuzoncishiswa unyaka nonyaka. Isikhathi esiphezulu esivumelekile sesinxephezelo sihlobene nezinga lezwe lokuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubomgomo yamandla. Uma isikhathi sesinxephezelo singaphansi kwevelu elivumelekile, kuthathwa njengokufanelekile ukukhulisa umthamo ofakiwe wesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.
Ingozi yokwehluleka - Ngenxa yezikhukhula, amadamu avimba amanzi amaningi, izinhlekelele zemvelo, umonakalo owenziwe umuntu, kanye nekhwalithi yokwakha, okungaba nemiphumela eyinhlekelele ezindaweni ezingaphansi komfula nengqalasizinda. Ukwehluleka okunjalo kungase kuthinte ukunikezwa kukagesi, izilwane nezitshalo, futhi kungase kubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kanye nezingozi.
Ukulimala kwe-ecosystem - Amadamu amakhulu adala izikhukhula ezinkulu ezikhuphuka nomfula, kwesinye isikhathi acekele phansi izindawo eziphansi, amahlathi ezigodi, nezikhotha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izophinde ithinte i-ecosystem yasemanzini ezungeze isitshalo. Inomthelela omkhulu ezinhlanzini, ezinyonini zasemanzini, nakwezinye izilwane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-03-2023
