Muva nje, uhulumeni waseSwitzerland ubhale inqubomgomo entsha. Uma inkinga yamandla yamanje iba yimbi kakhulu, iSwitzerland izokwenqabela ukushayela izimoto zikagesi ngenxa yokuhamba "okungadingekile".
Idatha efanele ikhombisa ukuthi cishe u-60% wamandla aseSwitzerland avela eziteshini zikagesi zamanzi kanye no-30% avela emandleni enuzi. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni uthembise ukuqeda amandla akhe enuzi, kanti okunye kuvela emapulazini omoya kanye namafutha emvelo avamile. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iSwitzerland ikhiqiza amandla anele minyaka yonke ukuze igcine ukukhanya, kodwa ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu sonyaka kuzoholela ezimweni ezingalindelekile.
Amanzi emvula kanye nokuncibilika kweqhwa ezinyangeni ezifudumele kungagcina izinga lamanzi omfula futhi kuhlinzeke ngezinsiza ezidingekayo zokukhiqizwa kukagesi ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, izinga lamanzi emachibini nasemifuleni ezinyangeni ezibandayo kanye nehlobo elomile ngokungajwayelekile laseYurophu lehlile, okuholele ekukhiqizweni kukagesi ngamanzi okuncane, ngakho-ke iSwitzerland kumele ithembele ekuthengweni kwamandla kwamanye amazwe.
Esikhathini esidlule, iSwitzerland yayithenga ugesi eFrance naseJalimane ukuze ihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zayo zikagesi, kodwa kulo nyaka isimo sishintshile, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kukagesi emazweni angomakhelwane nakho kumatasa kakhulu.
IFrance ibilokhu ingumthengisi kagesi ongaphandle amashumi eminyaka, kodwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, amandla enuzi aseFrance abhekana nokuphazamiseka njalo. Njengamanje, ukutholakala kwamayunithi kagesi enuzi aseFrance kuphakeme kancane kuno-50%, okuholele ekutheni iFrance ibe ngumthengisi kagesi okokuqala. Futhi ngenxa yokwehla kokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi, iFrance ingase ibhekane nengozi yokwehluleka kukagesi kulobu busika. Ngaphambilini, umqhubi wegridi waseFrance uthe uzonciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngo-1% kuya ku-5% ngaphansi kwezimo eziyisisekelo, futhi okungenani u-15% ngaphansi kwesimo esibi kakhulu. Ngokusho kwemininingwane yakamuva yokuphakelwa kukagesi edalulwe yi-French BFM TV ngomhlaka-2, umqhubi wegridi yamandla aseFrance useqalile ukwakha uhlelo oluthile lokuphela kukagesi. Izindawo zokuphela kukagesi zigcwele izwe lonke, futhi umndeni ngamunye unokuphela kukagesi okungafika emahoreni amabili ngosuku, futhi kanye kuphela ngosuku.
Isimo eJalimane siyafana. Endabeni yokulahlekelwa ugesi wemvelo wamapayipi aseRussia, izikhungo zomphakathi kufanele zilwe kanzima.
Kusukela ngoJuni kulo nyaka, i-Elcom, i-Swiss Federal Power Commission, ithe ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kukagesi wenuzi waseFrance kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungeniswa kukagesi eSwitzerland kusuka eFrance kulobu busika kungase kube phansi kakhulu kunaseminyakeni edlule, okungakususi inkinga yokuntuleka kwamandla kagesi.
Ngokusho kwezindaba, iSwitzerland ingadinga ukungenisa ugesi ovela eJalimane, e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane e-Italy. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kwe-Elcom, ukutholakala kokuthunyelwa kukagesi kula mazwe kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kukaphethiloli wemvelo osuselwa kugesi.
Ingakanani igebe likagesi eSwitzerland? Ngokusho kwemibiko yabezindaba bakwamanye amazwe, iSwitzerland inesidingo sikagesi esingaba ngu-4GWh kulobu busika. Kungani ungakhethi izindawo zokugcina amandla kagesi? Izindleko ziyisizathu esibalulekile. Okuntula kakhulu iYurophu ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla besikhathi sonyaka nobesikhathi eside. Njengamanje, ukugcina amandla isikhathi eside akukaze kuthandwe futhi kusetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu.
Ngokusho kocwaningo olwenziwe yi-Elcom kubahlinzeki bakagesi baseSwitzerland abangu-613, iningi labasebenzi kulindeleke ukuthi linyuse izindleko zabo zikagesi cishe ngo-47%, okusho ukuthi amanani kagesi asekhaya azokhuphuka cishe ngo-20%. Ukwanda kwamanani kagesi emvelo, amalahle kanye nekhabhoni, kanye nokwehla kokukhiqizwa kukagesi wenuzi eFrance, konke kube nomthelela ekukhuphukeni kwamanani kagesi eSwitzerland.
Ngokwezinga lakamuva lentengo kagesi elingu-183.97 euros/MWh (cishe u-1.36 yuan/kWh) eSwitzerland, intengo yemakethe efanayo kagesi ongu-4GWh okungenani ingu-735900 euros, cishe u-5.44 million yuan. Uma intengo kagesi ephezulu kakhulu ngo-Agasti ingu-488.14 euro/MWh (cishe u-3.61 yuan/kWh), izindleko ezifanayo zika-4GWh zingaba ngu-14.4348 million yuan.
Ukuvinjelwa kwamandla kagesi! Ukuvinjelwa okungadingekile kwezimoto zikagesi
Abezindaba abaningi babike ukuthi ukuze kubhekane nokuntuleka kukagesi okungenzeka futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwamandla kulobu busika, i-Swiss Federal Council okwamanje ibhala uhlaka oluphakamisa imithethonqubo "yokukhawulela nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ukuqinisekisa ukuphakelwa kukagesi kuzwelonke", icacisa uhlelo lwezinyathelo ezine lokugwema ukucima kukagesi, futhi isebenzise ukuvinjelwa okuhlukene lapho kuvela izinkinga zamazinga ahlukene.
Kodwa-ke, enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ihlobene nokuvinjelwa kokushayela izimoto zikagesi ezingeni lesithathu. Lo mbhalo udinga ukuthi "izimoto zikagesi zangasese zivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kuphela ekuhambeni okudingekayo (njengezidingo zobungcweti, ukuyothenga, ukubona udokotela, ukuya emisebenzini yenkolo, kanye nokuya emihlanganweni yenkantolo)."
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isilinganiso sokuthengisa sezimoto zaseSwitzerland singaba ngu-300000 ngonyaka, kanti isilinganiso sezimoto zikagesi siyakhuphuka. Ngo-2021, kwanezelwa izimoto zikagesi ezintsha ezingu-31823 eSwitzerland, kanti isilinganiso sezimoto zikagesi ezintsha eSwitzerland kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2022 safinyelela ku-25%. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokunganeli kwama-chip nezinkinga zokunikezwa kukagesi, ukukhula kwezimoto zikagesi eSwitzerland kulo nyaka akukuhle njengaseminyakeni edlule.
ISwitzerland ihlela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emadolobheni ngokuvimbela ukushaja izimoto zikagesi kwezinye izimo. Lesi yisinyathelo esisha kakhulu kodwa esibi kakhulu, esigcizelela kakhulu ukungathi sína kokuntuleka kukagesi eYurophu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iSwitzerland ingaba yizwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuvimbela izimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, lo mthethonqubo nawo uyahlekisa kakhulu, ngoba njengamanje, ezokuthutha zomhlaba wonke ziyashintsha kusuka ezimotweni zikaphethiloli ziye ezimotweni zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika kumafutha asetshenziswayo futhi kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile.
Uma inani elikhulu lezimoto zikagesi lixhunywe kugridi kagesi, empeleni kungandisa ingozi yokungatholakali kukagesi ngokwanele futhi kulethe izinselele ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kohlelo lwamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kochwepheshe embonini, izimoto zikagesi ezizokhuthazwa ngezinga elikhulu esikhathini esizayo zingasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokugcina amandla futhi zibizwe ndawonye ukuthi zihlanganyele ekushefweni okuphezulu nasekugcwalisweni kwegridi kagesi. Abanikazi bezimoto bangashaja lapho ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuphansi. Bangabuyisela emuva ukunikezwa kukagesi kugridi kagesi ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kukagesi okuphezulu, noma ngisho nalapho ugesi ufushane. Lokhu kunciphisa ingcindezi yokunikezwa kukagesi, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kohlelo lwamandla, futhi kuthuthukisa nokusebenza kahle kohlelo lwamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 12-2022
