Muva nje, uhulumeni waseSwitzerland ubhale inqubomgomo entsha. Uma inkinga yamanje yamandla iba yimbi kakhulu, iSwitzerland izokwenqabela ukushayela izimoto zikagesi ukuze zihambe “okungenasidingo”.
Idatha efanele ibonisa ukuthi cishe u-60% wamandla waseSwitzerland avela eziteshini zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi kanye no-30% emandleni enuzi. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni uthembise ukuqeda amandla akhe enuzi, kanti amanye avela emapulazini omoya kanye nezibaso ezisetshenziswa kudala. Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iSwitzerland ikhiqiza amandla anele minyaka yonke ukugcina ukukhanya, kodwa ukushintshashintsha kwesimo sezulu kwesizini kuzoholela ezimweni ezingalindelekile.
Amanzi emvula nokuncibilika kweqhwa ezinyangeni ezifudumele kungagcina izinga lamanzi omfula futhi kunikeze izinsiza ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza ugesi ngamanzi. Kodwa-ke, izinga lamanzi lamachibi nemifula ezinyangeni ezibandayo kanye nehlobo lase-Europe elomile ngendlela engavamile lehlile, okuholela ekuphehleni kukagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, ngakho-ke iSwitzerland kumele ithembele ekuthengeni amandla kwamanye amazwe.
Phambilini, iSwitzerland yayithenga ugesi eFrance naseJalimane ukuze ihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo zayo zikagesi, kodwa kulo nyaka isimo sishintshile, nokuphakelwa kukagesi emazweni angomakhelwane nakho kumatasa kakhulu.
I-France ibilokhu ihweba ngaphandle kukagesi amashumi eminyaka, kodwa engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2022, amandla enuzi aseFrance abhekana nezingqinamba njalo. Njengamanje, ukutholakala kwamayunithi anamandla enuzi aseFrance kungaphezulu kancane kuka-50%, okuholela eFrance ukuthi ibe umthengi ongenisa ugesi okokuqala ngqa. Futhi ngenxa yokwehliswa kokukhiqizwa kwamandla enuzi, iFrance ingase ibhekane nengozi yokuphela kukagesi kulobu busika. Phambilini, opharetha wegridi waseFrance uthe kuzokwehlisa ukusetshenziswa ngo-1% kuye ku-5% ngaphansi kwezimo eziyisisekelo, futhi okungenani ngo-15% ngaphansi kwesimo esibi kakhulu. Ngokwemininingwane yakamuva yokuphakelwa kukagesi edalulwe yi-French BFM TV ngomhlaka-2, isisebenzisi segridi kagesi yase-French isiqalile ukwenza uhlelo oluthile lokucisha ugesi. Izindawo zokunqanyulwa kukagesi zigcwele izwe lonke, futhi umndeni ngamunye unqamuka ugesi amahora afinyelela kwamabili ngosuku, kanye kuphela ngosuku.
Isimo saseJalimane siyefana. Esimeni sokulahleka kwegesi yemvelo yamapayipi aseRussia, izinsiza zomphakathi kufanele zithwale kanzima.
Ekuqaleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, i-Elcom, i-Swiss Federal Power Commission, yathi ngenxa yokunciphisa amandla kagesi enuzi aseFrance kanye nogesi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, ukungenisa kukagesi waseSwitzerland kusuka eFrance kulobu busika kungase kube phansi kakhulu kunalokho eminyakeni eyedlule, okungakhiphi inkinga yokuntuleka kwamandla okwanele.
Ngokwezindaba, iSwitzerland ingase idinge ukungenisa ugesi eJalimane, e-Austria nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane e-Italy. Nokho, ngokusho kwabakwa-Elcom, ukutholakala kokuthunyelwa kukagesi kulawa mazwe kuncike kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwamandla egesi yemvelo.
Lingakanani igebe likagesi eSwitzerland? Ngokwemibiko yabezindaba yakwamanye amazwe, iSwitzerland inesidingo sikagesi esilinganiselwa ku-4GWh kulobu busika. Kungani ungakhethi izindawo zokugcina amandla kagesi? Izindleko ziyisizathu esibalulekile. Okuntula kakhulu i-Europe ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla besizini nesikhathi eside. Njengamanje, isitoreji samandla sesikhathi eside asizange saziwe futhi sisetshenziswe ngezinga elikhulu.
Ngokocwaningo olwenziwe ngabakwa-Elcom kubahlinzeki bakagesi baseSwitzerland abangu-613, iningi labasebenzi balindeleke ukuthi banyuse amanani kagesi ngo-47%, okusho ukuthi amanani kagesi wasendlini azonyuka cishe ngo-20%. Ukwenyuka kwentengo yegesi yemvelo, amalahle nekhabhoni, kanye nokwehla kwamandla enuzi aseFrance, konke kube nomthelela ekwenyukeni kwentengo kagesi eSwitzerland.
Ngokwezinga lakamuva lentengo kagesi lika-183.97 euros/MWh (cishe 1.36 yuan/kWh) e-Switzerland, intengo yemakethe ehambisanayo kagesi we-4GWh okungenani ingama-euro angu-735900, cishe ama-yuan ayizigidi ezingu-5.44. Uma inani eliphakeme kakhulu likagesi ngo-Agasti lingu-488.14 euro/MWh (cishe u-3.61 yuan/kWh), izindleko ezihambisanayo ze-4GWh zingaba yi-14.4348 million yuan.
Ukuvinjelwa kwamandla kagesi! Ukuvinjelwa okungadingekile kwezimoto zikagesi
Imithombo yezindaba eminingi ibike ukuthi ukuze kubhekwane nokushoda kwamandla okungase kube khona nokuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kwamandla kulobu busika, i-Swiss Federal Council okwamanje ibhala uhlaka oluhlongoza imithethonqubo "yokukhawulela nokwenqabela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwamandla kagesi", icacisa uhlelo lwezinyathelo ezine lokugwema ukunqamuka kukagesi, futhi isebenzisa ukuvinjelwa okuhlukene lapho kuvela izinkinga zamazinga ahlukene.
Nokho, enye yezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ihlobene nokuvinjelwa ukushayela izimoto zikagesi ezingeni lesithathu. Lo mbhalo udinga ukuthi “izimoto zikagesi ezizimele zivunyelwe kuphela ukuthi zisetshenziselwe uhambo oludingekile (njengezidingo zomsebenzi, ukuthenga, ukubona udokotela, ukuya emisebenzini yezenkolo, nokuhambela izikhathi zokuya enkantolo).”
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isilinganiso sokuthengiswa kwezimoto zaseSwitzerland silinganiselwa ku-300000 ngonyaka, kanti ingxenye yezimoto zikagesi iyanda. Ngo-2021, izimoto zikagesi ezintsha ezibhalisiwe ezingu-31823 zengezwe eSwitzerland, kanti ingxenye yezimoto zikagesi ezintsha eSwitzerland kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-August 2022 yafinyelela ku-25%. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yama-chips anganele kanye nezinkinga zokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, ukukhula kwezimoto zikagesi eSwitzerland kulo nyaka akulungile njengoba eminyakeni edlule.
ISwitzerland ihlela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukagesi emadolobheni ngokuvimbela ukushajwa kwezimoto zikagesi kwezinye izimo. Lesi yisinyathelo esisha kakhulu kodwa esidlulele, esiphinde sigqamise ubucayi bokushoda kukagesi eYurophu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iSwitzerland ingase ibe izwe lokuqala emhlabeni ukuvimbela izimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, lo mthetho ubuye uxake kakhulu, ngoba okwamanje, ezokuthutha zomhlaba wonke ziyasuka ezimotweni zikaphethiloli ziye ezimotweni zikagesi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika emafutheni ezinto ezimbiwa phansi futhi kubone ukuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile.
Uma inombolo enkulu yezimoto zikagesi zixhunywe kugridi yamandla, ingase inyuse ngempela ingozi yokungatholakali kwamandla okwanele futhi ilethe izinselele ekusebenzeni okuzinzile kwesistimu yamandla. Kodwa-ke, ngokombono wochwepheshe embonini, izimoto zikagesi ezizokhuthazwa ngezinga elikhulu esikhathini esizayo nazo zingasetshenziswa njengezindawo zokugcina amandla futhi zihlangene zibizwe ukuba zibambe iqhaza ekushebeni okuphezulu nokugcwaliswa kwesigodi segridi yamandla. Abanikazi bezimoto bangashaja lapho ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphansi. Bangakwazi ukubuyisela ukunikezwa kwamandla kugridi yamandla ngesikhathi esiphezulu sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, noma ngisho nalapho amandla emafushane. Lokhu kukhulula ingcindezi yokunikezwa kwamandla, kuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuzinza kwesistimu yamandla, futhi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu yamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-12-2022
