Ukuze usize ukufeza umgomo "wokuphakama kwekhabhoni, ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni" futhi kwakhiwe uhlelo olusha lwamandla, i-China Southern Power Grid Corporation ihlongoze ngokuyisisekelo ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla esifundeni esiseningizimu ngo-2030 futhi kwakhiwe ngokugcwele uhlelo olusha lwamandla ngo-2060. Kule nqubo, sizothuthukisa ngamandla isitoreji esipompowe. Kuhlelelwe ukwandisa umthamo ofakiwe wama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyisi-6, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-15 kanye nama-kilowatt ayizigidi eziyi-15 ngokulandelana kwawo ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Yeshumi Nane, Leshumi Nanhlanu kanye Neleshumi Nesithupha”. Sizolwela ukufinyelela cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-44 omthamo wokugcina ompontshwayo esifundeni esiseningizimu ngonyaka wezi-2035, sikwenze kube uhlobo olusha lwesilinganisi sokuphazamiseka kohlelo lwamandla, isilinganisi somthwalo kanye nesiqinisi segridi yamandla.
Umthombo: I-akhawunti esemthethweni ye-WeChat "China Energy Media Intelligent Manufacturing"
Umbhali: u-Peng Yumin, i-Energy Storage Research Institute yase-China Southern Power Grid Peak ukushefa kanye ne-Frequency Modulation Power Generation Co., Ltd
Izici eziyinhloko zesistimu entsha yamandla
Uhlelo olusha lwamandla lulawulwa amandla ahlanzekile, futhi ingxenye yamandla amasha ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla izoqhubeka nokukhula, kancane kancane yakha uhlobo lokusebenzisa amandla amasha, amandla aphehlwa ngamanzi, amandla enuzi njengendlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza ugesi. Ingxenye yokusetshenziswa kwamandla ensalela phansi izoncishiswa kancane kancane ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nethagethi engathathi hlangothi ye-carbon, futhi umthamo osele ofakiwe wamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi uzosetshenziswa njengesipele samandla kagesi wesistimu entsha yamandla. Ohlelweni olusha lwamandla, amandla amasha azoxhunywa kugridi yamandla ngendlela ebekwe endaweni eyodwa futhi esabalaliswe. Mayelana nokufinyelela endaweni eyodwa, isifunda esiseningizimu silwela ukuzuza amandla omoya osogwini angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-kilowatts angu-24, amandla omoya osogwini angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 zamakilowatts, kanye nokufinyelela kwe-photovoltaic angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-56 kilowatts ngo-2025. Mayelana nokufinyelela okusabalalisiwe, imithombo yamandla esabalalisiwe enamandla amancane, amagridi angakhiwa ngokwezimo ezihlukene zokufinyelela endaweni ngokwezinga eliphansi lokufinyelela.
Ohlelweni lwamandla olusha olunamandla amasha njengomzimba oyinhloko, ukukhishwa kwangempela kwemishini yokuphehla amandla amasha kuthinteka kakhulu indawo yesimo sezulu, enezici ezisobala zokungahleliwe, ukuguquguquka kanye nezikhawu. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kokushintshwa kwamandla kagesi, okokugcina amandla asendlini kanye nekhaya elihlakaniphile kwenza umthwalo oseceleni womsebenzisi uthuthuke ngendlela ehlukahlukene futhi esebenzisanayo, futhi isiphetho somsebenzisi singena kumodi entsha engumthengi nomkhiqizi. Uhlelo olusha lwamandla olunamandla amasha njengoba umzimba oyinhloko wethula izici "eziphindwe kabili" zenani eliphezulu lamandla amasha kanye nenani eliphezulu lemishini kagesi yamandla. Ukuze ubhekane nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamandla amasha kanye nezimo ezedlulele ezihlukahlukene, kuyadingeka ukufanisa umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esipompowe nesikali esihambisanayo ngokuvumelana nomthamo ofakiwe kanye nesilinganiso sokukhipha amandla amasha. Uma ukukhishwa kwamandla amasha kungavamile, indawo yokugcina empontshwayo kufanele igcine isimo sesistimu entsha yamandla egridi ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ivimbele ukuguqulwa kwesistimu entsha yamandla ohlelweni lwamandla oluvamile. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa nokwakhiwa kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo kuzoshesha futhi kube ngezinga elikhulu.
Izinkinga kanye nezinyathelo eziphikisanayo zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo nokukhulu kwesitoreji esipompowe
Ukuthuthuka nokwakhiwa okusheshayo nokukhulu kulethe izinkinga zokuphepha, izinga kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lukagesi, iziteshi eziningi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo zigunyazwe ukuthi zakhiwe minyaka yonke. Isikhathi sokwakha esidingekayo siphinde safinyezwa kakhulu kusukela eminyakeni engu-8-10 kuya eminyakeni engu-4-6. Ukuthuthuka ngokushesha kanye nokwakhiwa kwephrojekthi nakanjani kuzoletha izinkinga zokuphepha, izinga kanye nokushoda kwabasebenzi.
Ukuze kuxazululwe uchungechunge lwezinkinga ezilethwa ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi, amayunithi okwakha kanye nokuphathwa kwephrojekthi kudingeka aqale enze ucwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuzijwayeza ngokusetshenziswa kwemishini kanye nobuhlakani bobunjiniyela bomphakathi bezitshalo zamandla okugcina amponliwe. Ubuchwepheshe be-TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) bethulwa ukuze kumbiwe inani elikhulu lemigede engaphansi komhlaba, futhi imishini ye-TBM ithuthukiswa ngokuhambisana nezici zesiteshi samandla esigciniwe esimpontshwa, futhi kwakhiwa uhlelo lobuchwepheshe bokwakha. Ngenxa yezimo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza ezifana nokumba, ukuthunyelwa, ukusekelwa kanye ne-arch inverted ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa komphakathi, uhlelo lokufaka isicelo olusekela yonke inqubo yokwakha ngomshini nohlakaniphile seluthuthukisiwe, futhi ucwaningo selwenziwe ngezihloko ezifana nokusebenza okuhlakaniphile kwemishini yenqubo eyodwa, ukuzenzekelayo kwayo yonke inqubo yokwakha uhlelo, ukufakwa kwedijithali kolwazi lokwakhiwa kwemishini, ukwakhiwa okungenamuntu, ukwakhiwa kwemishini ehlukahlukene yokwakhiwa kwekhwalithi, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini ehlukahlukene, njll. imishini nezinhlelo zokwakha ezihlakaniphile nezihlakaniphile.
Mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemishini nobuhlakani bobunjiniyela bemishini nogesi, singahlaziya isidingo sohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokwenzeka kwemishini kanye nobuhlakani ezicini zokunciphisa ama-opharetha, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komsebenzi, ukunciphisa ubungozi bomsebenzi, njll., futhi sithuthukise ubunjiniyela bemishini nobunjiniyela obuhlukahlukene kanye nemishini yokwakha yezobunhloli kanye nezinhlelo zezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza zokufakwa kwemishini nemishini kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo wobunjiniyela be-3D nobuchwepheshe bokulingisa bungasetshenziswa futhi ukwenza kusengaphambili futhi kulingisa ezinye izikhungo nemishini kusengaphambili, engakwazi nje ukuqeda ingxenye yomsebenzi kusenesikhathi, ifinyeze isikhathi sokwakha esizeni, kodwa futhi yenze ukwamukelwa okusebenzayo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi kusenesikhathi, ithuthukise ngempumelelo izinga kanye nezinga lokuphatha ukuphepha.
Ukusebenza ngezinga elikhulu kwesiteshi sikagesi kuletha inkinga yokusebenza okuthembekile, ukufunwa okuhlakaniphile nokukhulu. Ukusebenza ngezinga elikhulu kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo kuzoletha izinkinga ezifana nezindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokugcinwa kwazo, ukushoda kwabasebenzi, njll. Ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokusebenza nokunakekelwa, okubalulekile ukwenza ngcono ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwamayunithi okugcina amanzi; Ukuze kuxazululwe inkinga yokushoda kwabasebenzi, kuyadingeka ukuqaphela ukuphathwa kokusebenza okuhlakaniphile nokujulile kwesikhungo sikagesi.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka kokusebenza kweyunithi, ngokuya ngokukhethwa nokwakhiwa kohlobo lwemishini, ochwepheshe badinga ukufingqa ngokujulile ulwazi olungokoqobo ekwakhiweni nasekusebenzeni kwezitshalo zamandla okugcina ampontshiwe, benze ukwakheka okuhle, ukukhetha uhlobo kanye nocwaningo lokulinganisa kumasistimu angaphansi kwemishini efanele yezitshalo zamandla okugcina ampontshiwe, futhi bazibuyekeze ngokuphindaphindiwe ngokuvumelana nokugunyazwa kwemishini, ukuphatha amaphutha kanye nesipiliyoni sokunakekela. Mayelana nokukhiqizwa kwemishini, izindawo zokugcina ezimpontshwayo zendabuko zisenobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokukhiqiza imishini ezandleni zabakhiqizi bangaphandle. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo lwendawo ngalezi zisetshenziswa “zokuminyanisa”, futhi kuhlanganiswe iminyaka yokusebenza kanye nesipiliyoni sokunakekelwa kanye namasu kuzo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuthembeka kokusebenza kwalezi zinsiza ezibalulekile. Mayelana nokuqapha ukusebenza kwemishini, ochwepheshe badinga ukuhlela ngendlela ehlelekile izindinganiso zokumiswa kwesici sokuqapha isimo semishini ngokombono wokubonwa kwesisetshenziswa kanye nokukaleka, benze ucwaningo olunzulu ngamasu okulawula okokusebenza, amasu okuqapha isimo nezindlela zokuhlola impilo ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuphepha eziyisisekelo, bakhe ukuhlaziya okuhlakaniphile kanye nenkundla yesixwayiso yangaphambi kwesikhathi yokuqapha isimo semishini kusenesikhathi futhi benze izingozi ezifihliwe kusenesikhathi.
Ukuze kuqashelwe ukuphathwa kokusebenza okukhaliphile nokujulile kwesikhungo sikagesi, ochwepheshe badinga ukwenza ucwaningo ngokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kwemishini noma ubuchwepheshe obubodwa bokusebenza obubalulekile ngokuya kokulawula nokusebenza kwemishini, ukuze kutholwe ukuqalisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokuvala shaqa kanye nokulawulwa komthwalo weyunithi ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabasebenzi, futhi babone ukulandelana kokusebenza kanye nokuqinisekiswa kobuhlakani okunezinhlangothi eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka; Mayelana nokuhlolwa kwemishini, ochwepheshe bangenza ucwaningo lobuchwepheshe ngokubona komshini, ukubona kokuzwa komshini, ukuhlola irobhothi nezinye izici, futhi benze umkhuba wobuchwepheshe ekushintsheni imishini yokuhlola; Mayelana nokusebenza okujulile kwesiteshi sikagesi, kuyadingeka ukwenza ucwaningo kanye nokwenza kubuchwepheshe bokuqapha obumaphakathi bomuntu oyedwa kanye nezitshalo eziningi ukuze kuxazululwe ngempumelelo inkinga yokushoda kwezinsiza zabantu emsebenzini okulethwa ukuthuthukiswa kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo.
Ukwenziwa kancane kwesitoreji esimpontshwa kanye nokusebenza okudidiyelwe kokugcwalisa amandla amaningi okulethwe ukusetshenziswa kwenani elikhulu lemithombo yamandla emisha esabalalisiwe. Isici esiphawulekayo sohlelo olusha lwamandla ukuthi kunenani elikhulu lamandla amancane amasha asabalele ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zegridi, asebenza kugridi yamandla kagesi aphansi. Ukumunca nokusebenzisa le mithombo yamandla emisha esabalalisiwe ngokusemandleni futhi kudambise ngempumelelo ukuminyana kwamandla kwegridi enkulu yamandla, kuyadingeka ukwakha amayunithi esitoreji esimponsiwe eduze kwemithombo yamandla emisha esabalalisiwe ukuze kutholakale isitoreji sendawo, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha ngokusebenzisa amagridi kagesi ane-voltage ephansi. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-miniaturization ye-pumped storage kanye nokusebenza okuhlanganisiwe kokugcwaliswa kwamandla amaningi.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi onjiniyela kanye nochwepheshe benze ucwaningo ngenkuthalo ekukhetheni indawo, ukuklama kanye nokukhiqiza, isu lokulawula kanye nokusetshenziswa okudidiyelwe kwezinhlobo eziningi zeziteshi zamandla ezipompa ezisatshalaliswa, okuhlanganisa amayunithi amancane okugcinwa okuphonswa abuyiselwe emuva, ukusebenza okuzimele kwe-coaxial kwamaphampu nama-turbines, ukusebenza ngokuhlanganyela kweziteshi ezincane zamanzi kanye neziteshi zephampu, njll; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ucwaningo kanye nokuboniswa kwephrojekthi kubuchwepheshe bokusebenza obudidiyelwe bokugcinwa kwepompo nomoya, ukukhanya kanye nokuphehlwa kwamanzi kwenziwa ukuze kuphakanyiswe izixazululo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nokusebenzisana kwezomnotho ohlelweni olusha lwamandla.
Inkinga "yokuminyanisa" yobuchwepheshe yamayunithi okugcina ampontshwa ngesivinini esishintshashintshayo aguqulelwe kugridi yamandla anwebekayo aphezulu. Amayunithi esitoreji esimpontshwa ngesivinini esishintshashintshayo anezici zokusabela okusheshayo kumthethonqubo wokuqala wokuvama, amandla okokufaka alungisekayo ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zephampu, kanye neyunithi esebenza ejikeni elifanele, kanye nokusabela okubucayi kanye nesikhashana esiphezulu sokungaguquki. Ukuze unqande ngokuphumelelayo ukungahleleki nokuntengantenga kwegridi yamandla, ukulungisa ngokunembe kakhudlwana futhi umunce amandla engeziwe akhiqizwe amandla amasha ohlangothini lwesizukulwane kanye nohlangothi lomsebenzisi, futhi ulawule kangcono ibhalansi yomthwalo wegridi yamandla enwebeka kakhulu futhi asebenzisanayo, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ingxenye yamayunithi esivinini aguquguqukayo kugridi yamandla. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, iningi lobuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuguquguquka kwamanzi okupompa kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi kusesezandleni zabakhiqizi bangaphandle, futhi inkinga yezobuchwepheshe "i-choke" idinga ukuxazululwa.
Ukuze kuqashelwe ukulawula okuzimele kobuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obubalulekile, kuyadingeka ukugxilisa ucwaningo lwasekhaya lwesayensi namandla ezobuchwepheshe ukwenza ngokujulile ukuklama nokuthuthukiswa kwama-motor generator-speed-speed kanye nama-pump turbines, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okulawula kanye namadivayisi weziguquli ze-AC excitation, ukuthuthukiswa kwamasu okulawula adidiyelwe kanye namadivayisi amayunithi aguquguqukayo-speed, amasu ocwaningo lwe-conversion yocwaningo lweyunithi ye-conversion ye-conversion yocwaningo. inqubo kanye namasu okulawula adidiyelwe amayunithi esivinini esiguquguqukayo, Thola idizayini ephelele yokwenza kwasendaweni kanye nokukhiqiza kanye nokusetshenziswa kokuboniswa kobunjiniyela kwamayunithi amakhulu esivinini esiguquguqukayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-09-2022
