Amandla ayindawo ebalulekile yokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni eCarbon Peak. Eminyakeni emibili edlule kusukela uNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping enza isimemezelo esikhulu mayelana nokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngesikhathi esiqongweni sekhabhoni, yonke iminyango efanele ezifundeni ezehlukene icwaninge futhi yasebenzisa umoya wezinkulumo nemiyalo ebalulekile kaNobhala Jikelele u-Xi Jinping, futhi yasebenzisa ngobuqotho izinqumo nokuthunyelwa kweKomidi Elikhulu leQembu kanye noMkhandlu Wezifundazwe kanye nomsebenzi wokuguqula ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ekusetshenzisweni kwekhabhoni esezingeni eliphakeme, ngokuya ngezidingo ze-carbon eluhlaza kanye nenani eliphansi lekhabhoni. amandla iye yakhuthazwa ngenkuthalo, kancane kancane futhi ehlelekile, futhi imiphumela emangalisayo iye yazuzwa.
1. Sheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungewona wezinsalela
(1) Amandla amasha agcina ukukhula okusheshayo. Yakha futhi usebenzise uhlelo lokuhlela kanye nesakhiwo sezisekelo ezinkulu zamandla omoya we-photovoltaic ezigxile ogwadule, iGobi, nezindawo eziwugwadule. Isamba sesikali esihleliwe singama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-450. Njengamanje, iqoqo lokuqala lamaphrojekthi esisekelo se-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingama-95 seliqalile ukwakhiwa, kanti iqoqo lesibili lohlu lwephrojekthi selikhishiwe. Thuthukisa umsebenzi wokuqala futhi uhlele futhi uhlele iqoqo lesithathu lamaphrojekthi ayisisekelo. Khuthaza kancane kancane iphrojekthi yokuhlola yokuthuthukiswa kwe-photovoltaic esabalalisiwe ophahleni lwesifunda sonke. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaNhlangulana kulo nyaka, isikali esibhalisiwe esiqoqiwe somklamo kazwelonke wokuhlola sasingama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-66.15. Khuthaza ngokuhlelekile ukwakhiwa kwezizinda zamandla omoya ogwini lolwandle eNhlonhlweni yaseShandong, iYangtze River Delta, eningizimu yeFujian, empumalanga yeGuangdong, naseBeibu Gulf. Kusukela ngo-2020, umthamo ofakiwe wamandla omoya asanda kufakwa namandla elanga usudlule ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-100 iminyaka emibili ilandelana, okubalelwa cishe ku-60% wawo wonke amandla okukhiqiza ugesi asanda kufakwa ngonyaka. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokuphehlwa kukagesi we-biomass, ekupheleni kukaJulayi kulo nyaka, umthamo ofakiwe wokuphehla ugesi we-biomass ube ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-39.67. Sebenzisana neminyango efanele ukuze kucwaningwe ngenkuthalo futhi kusekele ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ashisayo kanye nezibaseli ezingezona ezokudla ze-bio-liquid. Khuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwesilingo sezimboni kwemboni yokuqala yasekhaya ekhiqiza i-cellulose fuel ethanol ekhiqiza amathani angu-30,000 ngonyaka. Kwakhishwa Uhlelo Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla E-Hydrogen (2021-2035). Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha ngonyaka kuzodlula i-1 trillion kWh okokuqala ngqa.
(2) Ukwakhiwa kwemiklamo evamile yokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi sekuthuthukisiwe kancane kancane. Ukudidiyela ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, futhi kugqugquzele ngamandla ukuhlelwa kwamandla kagesi kanye nokwakhiwa kwemiklamo emikhulu yokuphehla amandla ngamanzi emifuleni ebalulekile efana nezindawo eziphakeme zoMfula i-Jinsha, indawo emaphakathi yoMfula i-Yalong, kanye nezindawo ezifika phezulu zoMfula Ophuzi. I-Wudongde kanye ne-Lianghekou Hydropower Stations zisetshenziswe ngokugcwele. I-Baihetan Hydropower Station yaqedwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza namayunithi ayi-10 ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-August kulo nyaka. Iphrojekthi Yesiteshi Sokuphehla Ugesi i-Jinsha River Xulong Hydropower Station yagunyazwa ukuthi yakhiwe ekuqaleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka. Kusukela ngo-2021 kuya kuJuni kulo nyaka, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyisi-6 kagesi ojwayelekile ophehlwa ngamanzi aseqalisiwe. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaNhlangulana kulo nyaka, umthamo kazwelonke wokufakwa kukagesi wamanzi ufinyelele cishe kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-360, ukwanda okungaba ngama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-20 ngonyaka wezi-2020, futhi cishe ngama-50% omgomo wokwengeza ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-40 ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu” seluphothuliwe.
(3) Amandla enuzi agcina ijubane lokwakha elizinzile. Khuthaza ngokusebenza nangokuhlelekile ukwakhiwa kwamandla enuzi ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. I-Hualong No. 1, iphrojekthi yokubonisa i-Guohe No. 1, iphrojekthi yokubonisa i-reactor epholile yegesi ephezulu kanye namanye amaphrojekthi asakhiwayo akhuthazwa ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. NgoJanuwari 2021, i-Fuqing No. 5, inqwaba yokuqala ye-Hualong No. 1 emhlabeni, yaqedwa futhi yaqala ukusebenza. Kusukela ngoNtulikazi kulo nyaka, izwe lami linamayunithi kagesi enuzi angama-77 asebenzayo futhi asakhiwa, namandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-83.35.
Sekwenziwe inqubekelaphambili enhle ekuthuthukisweni okuhlanzekile nangempumelelo nasekusetshenzisweni kwamandla ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi
(1) Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle okuhlanzekile nokusebenza kahle kuyaqhubeka nokujula. Nikeza ngokugcwele indima yamandla amalahle kanye namalahle ekusekeleni nasekuqinisekiseni ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni eluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi. Ukuqhubeka nokwenza umsebenzi omuhle “esibhakeleni esihlanganisiwe” sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle kanye nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala, ukusebenzisa uhlelo lwesibopho sokuphepha kwamalahle nokuhlinzeka, ukusimamisa umgomo wesiqinisekiso sokuhlinzekwa kwamalahle, ukuqinisa uhlelo lukazwelonke lokukhiqiza amalahle, kanye nokuqhubeka nokukhulula amandla okukhiqiza athuthukile ukuze kwandiswe ngempumelelo nangokuqhubekayo ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle. Cwaninga futhi ukhuthaze ukuboniswa kokuhlola kokuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwamalahle okusezingeni eliphansi. Thepha ngokugcwele amandla aphezulu okukhipha amandla wamalahle. Ukukhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo nangokuhlelekile ukuqedwa kwamandla okukhiqiza okubuyela emuva embonini yamandla wamalahle. Ngo-2021, amandla aphehlwa ngamalahle azoba ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-50 amandla afakiwe, akhiqize ugesi wezwe ongama-60%, futhi enze u-70% wemisebenzi ephakeme kakhulu. Sebenzisa ngokugcwele “ukuxhumana okuthathu” okonga amandla amalahle kanye nokunciphisa ikhabhoni, ukuguquguquka nokushintsha kokushisisa. Ngo-2021, ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-240 woguquko aqediwe. Kubekwa isisekelo esihle somgomo.
(2) Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kawoyela negesi kuthuthuke kakhulu. Khuthaza ngokuqinile uhlelo lokusebenza lweminyaka eyisikhombisa lokuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi, futhi andise ngamandla ukushuba kokuhlolwa nokuthuthukiswa kukawoyela negesi. Ngo-2021, ukukhiqizwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe kuzoba amathani ayizigidi eziyi-199, osezinzile futhi waphinde wagcwala iminyaka emithathu ilandelana, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo kuzoba ama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-207.6, nokwanda kwama-cubic metres angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10 iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana. Sheshisa intuthuko enkulu yemithombo kawoyela negesi engajwayelekile. Ngo-2021, uwoyela we-shale uzoba amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.4, ukukhiqizwa kwegesi ye-shale kuzoba ama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-23, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwe-coalbed methane kuzoba ama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.7, ukugcina umfutho omuhle wokukhula. Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda kawoyela negesi, kugqugquzelwe ukwakhiwa kwamapayipi amakhulu kawoyela negesi kanye nemiklamo ebalulekile yokuxhumanisa, futhi kuthuthukiswe “inethiwekhi kazwelonke eyodwa”. Umthamo wokugcina igesi yemvelo uthuthukiswe ngokushesha, futhi izinga lokugcinwa kwegesi liye laphindeka kabili eminyakeni engaphezu kwemithathu. Khuthaza ngokuqinile ukuqaliswa kokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi kawoyela ocolisisiwe, futhi uqinisekise ngempumelelo ukuhlinzekwa kukaphethiloli nodizili ohlangabezana namazinga kazwelonke ayisibopho esigaba sesithupha. Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi kuzogcina ukukhula okunengqondo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi kuzobalelwa cishe ku-27.4% wengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuyisisekelo ngo-2021.
(3) Ukusheshisa ukuqaliswa kokushintshwa okuhlanzekile kwamandla okusetshenziswa kokuphela. Izinqubomgomo ezinjengokuthi “Imibono Eqondisayo Ngokuqhubekayo Ukukhuthaza Ukushintshwa Kwamandla Kagesi” yethulwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kokufaka ugesi ezindaweni ezibalulekile njengezimboni, ezokuthutha, ezokwakha, ezolimo kanye nezindawo zasemakhaya. Khuthaza ngokujulile ukushisa okuhlanzekile esifundeni esisenyakatho. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, indawo yokushisa ehlanzekile izofinyelela kumamitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15.6, ngezinga lokushisa elihlanzekile lika-73.6%, elidlula okuhlosiwe okuhleliwe, futhi esikhundleni samathani angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-150 zamalahle axege ngokuphelele, okuzosiza ukunciphisa ukugxila kwe-PM2.5 nokuthuthukisa izinga lomoya Izinga lomnikelo lingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda yokushaja izimoto zikagesi. Kusukela ngoNtulikazi kulo nyaka, sekwakhiwe amayunithi ayizigidi ezi-3.98, angahlangabezana nezidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. Ukuboniswa kokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamandla enuzi kwenziwe. Indawo yokushisa ephelele yesigaba sokuqala nesesibili sephrojekthi yokushisa amandla enuzi e-Haiyang, eSifundazweni SaseShandong idlule amamitha-skwele ayizigidi ezingu-5, iqaphela "ukufakwa okugcwele" kokushisa kwamandla enuzi e-Haiyang City. I-Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Energy Heating Project yaqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni, yaba iphrojekthi yokuqala yokushisisa amandla enuzi esifundeni esiseningizimu.
Inqubekelaphambili eqinile ekwakhiweni kwamasistimu kagesi amasha amathathu
(1) Ikhono lokwaba izinsiza zamandla kuzo zonke izifundazwe liye lathuthukiswa kancane kancane. Qedela futhi usebenzise i-Yazhong-Jiangxi, iNyakatho ye-Shaanxi-Wuhan, i-Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC nezinye iziteshi zokudlulisa amandla phakathi kwezifundazwe, kusheshiswe ukukhushulwa kwamaphrojekthi we-DC axhumene ne-Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong, kanye ne-Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, enye i-transmission-provin-Wuhan channel. Ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi e-UHV AC ezifundazweni nasezifundeni kukhuthaza ngenkuthalo iziteshi “ezintathu ze-AC neziyisishiyagalolunye eziqondile” zokudlulisa amandla ezifundazweni. Qondisa futhi ukhuthaze ukuxhunywa kweqoqo lokuqala lamaphrojekthi esisekelo samandla omoya amakhulu we-photovoltaic kugridi. Ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2021, umthamo wezwe wokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi usuka entshonalanga usiya empumalanga uzofinyelela kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-290, okuwukunyuka kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-20 uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphela konyaka wezi-2020.
(2) Amandla okulungisa avumelana nezimo wesistimu yamandla athuthukiswe kakhulu. Khuthaza ukuguquguquka kokuguquguquka kwamayunithi wamandla wamalahle. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, ukuqaliswa kokuguqulwa kokuvumelana nezimo kuzodlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-100. Yakha futhi ikhiphe uHlelo Lwentuthuko Yesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lwesitoreji Esipompa (2021-2035), ikhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuqaliswa kwezifundazwe kanye nohlelo lokusebenza lokugunyaza lomklamo “we-14th Weminyaka Emihlanu”, futhi kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi ahambisana nemvelo, anezimo ezivuthiwe, futhi anezinkomba ezinhle kakhulu. Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esimpontshwayo ufinyelele ku-42 million kilowatts. “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu” Uhlelo Olusha Lokusebenza Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesitoreji Samandla lwakhishelwa ukusheshisa ukuhlukahluka, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni, kanye nokuthuthukiswa okukhulu kwendawo yokugcina amandla amasha. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo ofakiwe wokugcina amandla amasha uzodlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezi-4. Khuthaza ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kwamaphrojekthi kagesi wegesi afanelekayo. Ekupheleni kukaJuni kulo nyaka, amandla afakiwe okukhiqiza amandla egesi yemvelo alinganiselwa ezigidini eziyi-110 zamakilowathi, okuwukunyuka okungaba ngama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-10 uma kuqhathaniswa nowezi-2020. Ukuqondisa zonke izindawo ukuthi zenze umsebenzi omuhle ekuphenduleni kohlangothi lwesidingo ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo isidingo somthwalo omkhulu.
Iziqinisekiso ezine zokusekela ukuguqulwa kwamandla ziyaqhubeka nokuqina
(1) Ukusheshisa ukuthuthuka kokuqanjwa kabusha kobuchwepheshe bamandla. Inani lezinto ezintsha ezinkulu zesayensi nezobuchwepheshe zithole impumelelo entsha, zasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuzimele besizukulwane sesithathu samandla enuzi, zakha iyunithi yamandla kagesi ekhilowathi eyisigidi enomthamo omkhulu weyunithi eyodwa emhlabeni, futhi yavuselela irekhodi lomhlaba lokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamaseli e-photovoltaic izikhathi eziningana. Kwenziwe inqubekelaphambili entsha ku-R&D nasekusetshenzisweni kwenani lobuchwepheshe obusha bamandla njengokugcina amandla namandla e-hydrogen. Thuthukisa indlela yokusungula, udale futhi ukhiphe “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyi-14 Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lokusungula Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Emkhakheni Wamandla”, buyekeza izindlela zokuhlola nezindlela zokuhlola zokuqala (isethi) zezinto zobuchwepheshe ezinkulu emkhakheni wamandla, futhi uhlele ukwethulwa kweqoqo lokuqala le-R&D yamandla kazwelonke kanye nezinkundla zokuqamba ezintsha phakathi Nohlelo Lwesihlanu Lonyaka “lwesi-14” Lokukhetha.
(2) Ukuguqulwa kohlelo lwamandla kanye nendlela yokusebenza kuye kwajulwa ngokuqhubekayo. Kukhishwe futhi kwasetshenziswa “Imibono Eqondisayo Ekusheshiseni Ukwakhiwa Kohlelo Lukazwelonke Lwemakethe Kagesi Oluhlanganisiwe”. Phendula ohlelweni lokuqalisa lokwakhiwa kwemakethe kagesi yesifunda esiseningizimu. Ukwakhiwa kwemakethe yendawo kagesi kwakhuthazwa ngokuqhubekayo futhi kancane kancane, futhi iziqephu zokuqala eziyisithupha zezindawo zokuhlola ugesi okuhlanganisa ne-Shanxi zenze umsebenzi wokulinga ukuxazulula le nkinga ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Engxenyeni yokuqala yalo nyaka, ugesi wezwe ogxile ezimakethe wawungu-2.5 trillion kWh, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-45.8%, okwenza cishe ama-61% okusetshenziswa kukagesi womphakathi wonkana. Yenza izinguquko ezikhulayo zobunikazi obuxubile emkhakheni wamandla amasha, ucwaningo futhi unqume inani lamaphrojekthi abalulekile. Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwentengo yamalahle, intengo kagesi, kanye nendlela yokwakheka kwentengo yokugcina, ukukhulula intengo kagesi wamalahle kugridi, ukukhansela intengo kagesi okuthengiswa kwekhathalogi yezimboni nezentengiso, futhi kukhuthaze abasebenzisi bezimboni nabezentengiselwano ukuthi bangene emakethe. Sheshisa ukwakhiwa nokubuyekezwa koMthetho Wamandla, Umthetho Wamalahle kanye Nomthetho Wamandla Kagesi.
(3) Isiqinisekiso senqubomgomo sokushintsha kwamandla siye sathuthukiswa nakakhulu. Kukhishwe futhi kwasetshenziswa “Uhlelo Lokusebenza Lokukhuthaza Ukuguqulwa Kwamandla Aluhlaza Nekhabhoni Ephansi Ukuze Kwenze Umsebenzi Omuhle We-Carbon Peaking”, “Imibono Yokuthuthukisa Uhlelo, Indlela, kanye Nezinyathelo Zenqubomgomo Zokuguqulwa Kwamandla Aluhlaza Nekhabhoni Ephansi” kanye Nohlelo Lokuqalisa Lokusebenza Kwekhabhoni Ephakeme Embonini Yamalahle, Uwoyela kanye Nokuthuthukisa Imboni Yokuqalwa Kwegesi Yemvelo. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezinga Eliphezulu Kwamandla Amasha Esikhathini Esisha”, kukhuthaza ngokuhlelekile ukuguqulwa kwamandla aluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi, futhi kwakha inqubomgomo yokusebenzisana.Qinisekisa ucwaningo ngezindaba ezibalulekile nezinzima, futhi uhlele amaqembu afanelekile ukuze enze ucwaningo olunzulu ngezindlela zokushintsha kwamandla.
Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko kanye Nokuphathwa Kwezamandla Kazwelonke bazowusebenzisa ngokugcwele umoya weNgqungquthela Kazwelonke yama-20 yeQembu LamaKhomanisi laseChina, futhi baqhubeke nokugqugquzela “Imibono Ngokusetshenziswa Ngokuphelele, Ngokunemba Kakhulu Ngokuphelele Umqondo Omusha Wokuthuthukisa Nokwenza Umsebenzi Omuhle Wokungathathi hlangothi KweCarbon Peak Yekhabhoni” kanye “nokuqaliswa koHlelo Olubalulekile Lokufundisa I-Peak30 onyakeni Ongaphambili uzogqugquzela ngempumelelo ukuqaliswa kochungechunge lwezinqubomgomo zokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni emkhakheni wezamandla Ukuqhubeka nezimo zangempela zezwe, kufanele sihambisane nomgomo wokubeka ukusungulwa kuqala, ukusungula ngaphambi kokuphulwa, kanye nokuhlela konke, ngokukhuthala nangokuhlelekile ukukhuthaza uguquko lwamandla aluhlaza kanye nekhabhoni ephansi ngesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla kagesi, ukulungisa kabusha ukwakhiwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla embonini. imboni yamalahle Lungiselela inhlanganisela namandla amasha, uqinise ukusungulwa kobuchwepheshe bamandla kanye nokuguqulwa kwesistimu kanye nemishini, futhi unikeze isiqinisekiso samandla esiluhlaza, esinekhabhoni ephansi, esiphephile nesithembekile sokufeza umgomo wokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni esiqongweni sekhabhoni njengoba kuhleliwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-06-2022
