Ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla kuyiphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi nehlelekile. Kudingeka kucatshangelwe ukuhlanganiswa kokuphepha kwamandla nokuzinza, isilinganiso esikhulayo samandla amasha, kanye nezindleko ezifanele zesistimu ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kudingeka kusingathwe ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguqulwa okuhlanzekile kwamayunithi kagesi okushisa, ukungena ngokuhlelekile kwamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya nemvula, ukwakhiwa kokuhlanganiswa kwegridi yamandla kanye namakhono okusizana, kanye nokwabiwa okunengqondo kwezinsiza eziguquguqukayo. Ukuhlela kwesayensi kwendlela yokwakha yesistimu entsha yamandla kuyisisekelo sokufeza umgomo wokukhula kwekhabhoni kanye nokungafaki ikhabhoni, futhi futhi kungumngcele kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ezahlukene ohlelweni olusha lwamandla.
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, amandla afakiwe kagesi wamalahle eShayina azodlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-1.1, okwenza u-46.67% wamandla afakiwe angama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-2.378, kanti amandla akhiqizwayo kagesi wamalahle azoba ngamahora angama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-5042.6, okwenza u-60.06% wamandla akhiqizwayo angamahora angama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-8395.9. Ingcindezi yokunciphisa ukukhishwa komoya inkulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa amandla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa. Amandla afakiwe kagesi womoya kanye nelanga angama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-635, okwenza u-11.14% kuphela wamandla aphelele okuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe angama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-5.7, kanti amandla okukhiqiza amandla angamahora angama-kilowatts ayizigidigidi eziyi-982.8, okwenza u-11.7% kuphela wamandla aphelele okukhiqiza amandla. Amandla afakiwe kanye namandla okukhiqiza amandla omoya kanye nelanga anendawo enkulu yokuthuthukisa, futhi kudingeka ukusheshisa ukungena kugridi yamandla. Kukhona ukuntuleka okukhulu kwezinsiza zokuguquguquka kohlelo. Umthamo ofakiwe wemithombo yamandla elawulwayo eguquguqukayo njengesitoreji esipompiwe kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi okusebenzisa igesi kubalwa u-6.1% kuphela womthamo ofakiwe. Ikakhulukazi, umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esipompiwe ungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-36.39, okubalwa u-1.53% kuphela womthamo ofakiwe. Kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokusheshisa intuthuko kanye nokwakhiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa bedijithali kufanele busetshenziswe ukubikezela ukukhishwa kwamandla amasha ohlangothini lokuphakelwa, ukulawula ngokunembile nokusebenzisa amandla okuphathwa kohlangothi lwesidingo, kanye nokwandisa isilinganiso sokuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo kwamasethi amakhulu okukhiqiza umlilo Thuthukisa ikhono legridi yamandla lokwenza ngcono ukwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza ebangeni elikhulu ukubhekana nenkinga yokuntuleka kwamandla okulawula uhlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izinhlangano eziyinhloko ohlelweni zinganikeza izinsizakalo ezinemisebenzi efanayo, njengokulungiselela isitoreji samandla nokwengeza imigqa yokubopha kugridi yamandla kungathuthukisa ukuhamba kwamandla endawo, futhi ukulungiselela izitshalo zamandla okugcina ezipompiwe kungathatha indawo yama-condenser athile. Kulesi simo, intuthuko ehlelekile yesifundo ngasinye, ukwabiwa kahle kwezinsizakusebenza, kanye nokonga izindleko kwezomnotho konke kuncike ekuhleleni kwesayensi nokunengqondo, futhi kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kusukela ebangeni elikhulu kanye nesikhathi eside.
Esikhathini sesimiso samandla sendabuko esithi “umthombo ulandela umthwalo”, ukuhlela ukuphakelwa kwamandla kanye negridi yamandla eShayina kunezinkinga ezithile. Esikhathini sesimiso esisha samandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa okuvamile “komthombo, igridi, umthwalo kanye nesitoreji”, ukubaluleka kokuhlela ngokubambisana kukhuliswa kakhulu. Isitoreji esinompompi, njengokunikezwa kwamandla okuhlanzekile nokuguquguqukayo okubalulekile ohlelweni lwamandla, sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kwegridi enkulu yamandla, sinikeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwesistimu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kufanele siqinise isiqondiso sokuhlela futhi sicabangele ngokugcwele ukuxhumana phakathi kwentuthuko yethu kanye nezidingo zokwakha zesistimu entsha yamandla. Selokhu kwangena “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane”, umbuso ukhiphe imibhalo ngokulandelana efana noHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokugcina Okupompiwe (2021-2035), Uhlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lomkhakha Wamandla E-hydrogen (2021-2035), kanye noHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo “Lohlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane” (FGNY [2021] No. 1445), kodwa kukhawulelwe kulo mkhakha, “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane” Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla, olubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni nasekuqondiseni jikelele imboni yamandla, alukakhishwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umnyango ofanele kazwelonke kufanele ukhiphe uhlelo lwesikhathi esimaphakathi neside lokwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lwamandla ukuze luqondise ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwamanye amacebo embonini yamandla, ukuze kufezwe umgomo wokwenza ngcono ukwabiwa kwezinsizakusebenza.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okusebenzisanayo Kwesitoreji Esipompiwe kanye Nesitoreji Samandla Amasha
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, iShayina isiqalise ukusebenza kwama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-5.7297 esitoreji samandla amasha, okuhlanganisa amabhethri e-lithium ion angu-89.7%, amabhethri e-lead angu-5.9%, umoya ocindezelwe ongu-3.2% kanye no-1.2% wezinye izinhlobo. Umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esipompiwe ungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-36.39, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kasithupha kohlobo olusha lwesitoreji samandla. Kokubili isitoreji samandla esisha kanye nesitoreji esipompiwe kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu entsha yamandla. Ukuhlelwa okuhlangene ohlelweni lwamandla kunganikeza izinzuzo zazo futhi kuthuthukise kakhulu amandla okulawula uhlelo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko osobala phakathi kwalokhu okubili ezimweni zomsebenzi kanye nezicelo.
Isitoreji samandla esisha sibhekisela kubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwesitoreji esipompiwe, okuhlanganisa isitoreji samandla se-electrochemical, i-flywheel, umoya ocindezelwe, isitoreji samandla se-hydrogen (ammonia), njll. Iningi leziteshi zamandla ezintsha zokugcina amandla zinezinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane sokwakha kanye nokukhethwa kwesiza okulula nokuguquguqukayo, kodwa umnotho wamanje awulungile. Phakathi kwazo, isikali sokugcina amandla se-electrochemical ngokuvamile singu-10 ~ 100 MW, ngesivinini sokuphendula samashumi kuya kumakhulu ama-millisecond, ubuningi bamandla aphezulu, kanye nokunemba okuhle kokulungiswa. Ifaneleka kakhulu ezimweni zokusetshenziswa kokushefa okuphezulu okusatshalaliswa, ngokuvamile kuxhunywe kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa ene-voltage ephansi noma ohlangothini lwesiteshi samandla esisha, futhi kufanelekile ngobuchwepheshe ezindaweni zokulungisa ezivame futhi ezisheshayo, njengokuguqulwa kwemvamisa eyinhloko kanye nokuguqulwa kwemvamisa yesibili. Isitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe sithatha umoya njengendawo ephakathi, enezici zomthamo omkhulu, izikhathi eziningi zokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwenkonzo. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle kwamanje kuphansi kakhulu. Isitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe ubuchwepheshe obufana kakhulu nesitoreji esipompiwe. Ezindaweni eziwugwadule, e-gobi, ehlane nakwezinye izindawo lapho kungafanele ukuhlela isitoreji esinompompi, ukuhlelwa kwesitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe kungabambisana ngempumelelo nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha ezindaweni ezinkulu, ezinamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa; Amandla e-hydrogen ayisithwali esibalulekile sokusetshenziswa okukhulu nokusebenza kahle kwamandla avuselelekayo. Izici zawo zokugcina amandla ezinkulu nezinde zingakhuthaza ukwabiwa kahle kwamandla angafani kuzo zonke izifunda nezinkathi zonyaka. Kuyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yamandla kazwelonke yesikhathi esizayo futhi kunamathuba amaningi okusetshenziswa.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, iziteshi zamandla okugcina ezipompiwe zinokuvuthwa okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe, amandla amakhulu, impilo ende yesevisi, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nomnotho omuhle. Zifanele izimo ezinesidingo esikhulu samandla okusika noma amandla okusika aphezulu, futhi zixhunywe kunethiwekhi eyinhloko ezingeni eliphezulu le-voltage. Uma sicabangela izidingo ze-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutralization kanye neqiniso lokuthi intuthuko yangaphambilini ibuyela emuva, ukuze kusheshiswe intuthuko yesitoreji esipompiwe futhi kufezwe izidingo zokwanda okusheshayo kwamandla afakiwe, ijubane lokwakhiwa okujwayelekile kweziteshi zamandla okugcina ezipompiwe eShayina liye lasheshiswa kakhulu. Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nobunzima nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ngemuva kokuba isiteshi samandla okugcina esipompiwe singene esikhathini esiphezulu sokuthuthukiswa, ukwakhiwa kanye nokukhiqiza. Kusiza ukusheshisa intuthuko yokukhiqiza imishini nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukukhuthaza ukuphepha nokuhleleka kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukusebenza kanye nokuphathwa, futhi kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esipompiwe esiqondisweni esithambile.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kwesitoreji esipompiwe nakho kuyaziswa kancane kancane. Okokuqala, uhlelo lwesikhathi esiphakathi neside lwesitoreji esipompiwe luphakamisa ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esipompiwe esincane nesiphakathi. Isitoreji esipompiwe esincane nesiphakathi sinezinzuzo zezinsizakusebenza ezicebile zesiza, ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo, ukusondelana nesikhungo somthwalo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuseduze namandla amasha asatshalaliswayo, okuyisithasiselo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesitoreji esipompiwe. Okwesibili ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kwesitoreji esipompiwe samanzi olwandle. Ukusetshenziswa okuxhunywe kugridi kwamandla omoya amakhulu asogwini lolwandle kudinga ukulungiswa ngezinsizakusebenza zokulungisa eziguquguqukayo ezifanayo. Ngokusho kweSaziso Sokushicilela Imiphumela Ye-Resource Census of Seawater Pumped Storage Power Plants (GNXN [2017] No. 68) esakhishwa ngo-2017, izinsizakusebenza zokugcina amanzi olwandle apompiwe eShayina zigxile kakhulu ezindaweni zasogwini lolwandle kanye neziqhingi zezifundazwe ezinhlanu zasogwini olusempumalanga kanye nezifundazwe ezintathu zasogwini oluseningizimu, Inethuba elihle lokuthuthukiswa. Okokugcina, amandla afakiwe kanye namahora okusetshenziswa kubhekwa njengokuphelele kuhlangene nesidingo sokulawulwa kwegridi yamandla. Njengoba inani lamandla amasha likhula kanye nomkhuba wokuba umthombo oyinhloko wokuhlinzekwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo, umthamo omkhulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwesikhathi eside kuzodingeka kakhulu. Endaweni yesiteshi esifanelekile, kufanele kucatshangelwe kahle ukwandisa umthamo wokugcina nokwandisa amahora okusetshenziswa, futhi ngeke kube ngaphansi kwemingcele yezici ezifana nenani lezindleko zomthamo weyunithi futhi kuhlukaniswe nesidingo sohlelo.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni samanje sokuthi uhlelo lwamandla lwaseShayina alunazo izinsiza eziguquguqukayo, indawo yokugcina epompiwe kanye nendawo yokugcina amandla amasha kunamathuba amakhulu okuthuthukiswa. Ngokusho komehluko ezicini zabo zobuchwepheshe, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokucatshangelwa ngokugcwele kwezimo ezahlukene zokufinyelela, kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zangempela zohlelo lwamandla lwesifunda, futhi kuvinjelwe ukuphepha, ukuzinza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nezinye izimo zemingcele, ukuhlelwa ngokubambisana kufanele kwenziwe ngamandla kanye nokuhlelwa ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle kakhulu.
Ithonya lendlela yokulinganisa intengo kagesi ekuthuthukisweni kwesitoreji esipompiwe
Isitoreji esinompompi sisebenzela lonke uhlelo lwamandla, okuhlanganisa ukunikezwa kwamandla, igridi yamandla kanye nabasebenzisi, futhi bonke abantu bayazuza kuso ngendlela engancintisani futhi engakhethi. Ngokombono wezomnotho, imikhiqizo enikezwa yisitoreji esinompompi iyimikhiqizo yomphakathi yesistimu yamandla futhi inikeza izinsizakalo zomphakathi ukuze uhlelo lwamandla lusebenze kahle.
Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kohlelo lwamandla kagesi, umbuso wawukhiphe izinqubomgomo zokucacisa ukuthi isitoreji esipompiwe sisebenzela kakhulu igridi yamandla, futhi siqhutshwa kakhulu yizinkampani ezisebenza ngegridi yamandla ngendlela ehlanganisiwe noma eqashiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni waklama ngokufanayo intengo kagesi egridi kanye nentengo kagesi yokuthengisa. Imali engenayo eyinhloko yegridi yamandla ivela ekwehlukeni kwentengo yokuthenga kanye neyokuthengisa. Inqubomgomo ekhona yayichaza ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi izindleko zesitoreji esipompiwe kufanele zibuyiswe ekwehlukeni kwentengo yokuthenga kanye neyokuthengisa yegridi yamandla, futhi yahlanganisa isiteshi sokudonsa amanzi.
Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwentengo kagesi yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, iSaziso seKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke Ezindabeni Ezihlobene Nokuthuthukisa Indlela Yokwakheka Kwentengo Yezitshalo Zikagesi Ezifuthwayo (FGJG [2014] No. 1763) sakwenza kwacaca ukuthi intengo kagesi enezingxenye ezimbili yasetshenziswa kumandla okugcina afuthwayo, okwaqinisekiswa ngokwesimiso sezindleko ezifanele kanye nemali engenayo evumelekile. Imali kagesi yomthamo kanye nokulahlekelwa kokufuthwa kwezitshalo zikagesi ezifuthwayo kufakiwe ekubalweni okuhlanganisiwe kwezindleko zokusebenza kwegridi kagesi yesifundazwe sendawo (noma igridi kagesi yesifunda) njengento yokulungisa intengo kagesi yokuthengisa, kodwa umzila wokudlulisa izindleko awulungiswanga. Ngemva kwalokho, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke yakhipha imibhalo ngokulandelana ngo-2016 nango-2019, ibeka ukuthi izindleko ezifanele zezitshalo zikagesi ezifuthwayo azifakiwe emalini engenayo evunyelwe yamabhizinisi egridi kagesi, futhi izindleko zezitshalo zikagesi ezifuthwayo azifakiwe ezindleko zentengo yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, okuye kwavimba indlela yokushintsha izindleko zesitoreji esifuthwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isilinganiso sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esipompiwe ngesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu lwe-13" sasiphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ngenxa yokuqonda okwanele kwendawo yokusebenza kwesitoreji esipompiwe ngaleso sikhathi kanye nesihloko sokutshalwa kwezimali esisodwa.
Ibhekene nale nkinga, imibono yeKhomishini Yentuthuko Nezinguquko Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukisa Kakhulu Indlela Yokubiza Amanani Yamandla Okugcina Okupompelwe (FGJG [2021] No. 633) yasungulwa ngoMeyi 2021. Le nqubomgomo ichaze ngokwesayensi inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi yamandla okugcina okupompelwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kanye neqiniso lokuthi isici somphakathi samandla okugcina okupompelwe sinamandla futhi izindleko azikwazi ukubuyiselwa ngogesi, indlela yentengo yesikhathi sokusebenza yasetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa intengo yamandla nokubuyisa ngentengo yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlanganiswe nesivinini sokuguqulwa kwemakethe yamandla, imakethe yendawo yentengo kagesi iyahlolwa. Ukwethulwa kwale nqubomgomo kukhuthaze kakhulu ukuzimisela kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezihloko zomphakathi, kwabeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwesitoreji esipompelwe. Ngokusho kwezibalo, amandla amaphrojekthi okugcina okupompelwe aqaliswa ukusebenza, akhiwayo futhi akhushulwa afinyelele kuma-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyi-130. Uma wonke amaphrojekthi akhiwayo futhi asathuthukiswa eqala ukusebenza ngaphambi kuka-2030, lokhu kuphakeme kunokulindelekile kokuthi “ama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingu-120 azokhiqizwa ngo-2030″ kuHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokugcina Okupompelwe (2021-2035). Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi yendabuko yokukhiqizwa kwamandla ezinto ezindala, izindleko ezingaphansi zokukhiqizwa kwamandla amasha njengomoya namandla cishe ziyi-zero, kodwa izindleko zokusetshenziswa kohlelo ezifanayo zinkulu futhi azinawo indlela yokwabiwa nokudluliselwa. Kulokhu, enkambisweni yokuguqulwa kwamandla, izinsiza ezinezimfanelo zomphakathi eziqinile njengesitoreji esipompelwe, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nesiqondiso kuyadingeka esigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa ukuqinisekisa intuthuko esheshayo yomkhakha. Ngaphansi kwendawo eqondile yokuthi isikali sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esipompelwe saseShayina sibuyela emuva kakhulu kanti isikhathi sefasitela lokungaphazamisi ikhabhoni esicongweni sifushane kakhulu, ukwethulwa kwenqubomgomo entsha yamanani kagesi kudlale indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni intuthuko yomkhakha wokugcina opompelwe.
Ukuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuhlinzekwa kwamandla kusuka emandleni avamile asendulo kuya emandleni avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile kunquma ukuthi izindleko eziyinhloko zamanani kagesi ziyashintsha kusukela ezindleleni zamafutha asendulo kuya ezindleleni zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokulawulwa okuguquguqukayo kokwakhiwa kwezinsizakusebenza. Ngenxa yobunzima kanye nohlobo lwesikhathi eside lokuguqulwa, inqubo yokusungulwa kohlelo lokukhiqizwa kwamandla olusekelwe kumalahle lwaseShayina kanye nohlelo olusha lwamandla olusekelwe emandleni avuselelekayo luzohlala isikhathi eside, okudinga ukuthi siqinise kakhulu umgomo wesimo sezulu wokukhula kwekhabhoni kanye nokungaguquki kwekhabhoni. Ekuqaleni kokuguqulwa kwamandla, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda okuye kwaba negalelo elikhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile kufanele kuqhutshwe yinqubomgomo futhi kuqhutshwe yimakethe, kuncishiswe ukuphazamiseka kanye nesiqondiso esingalungile sokufuna inzuzo enkulu isu lonke, futhi kuqinisekiswe indlela efanele yokuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile naphansi kwekhabhoni.
Njengoba kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele amandla avuselelekayo futhi kancane kancane kuba umhlinzeki wamandla oyinhloko, ukwakhiwa kwemakethe yamandla yaseShayina nakho kuyathuthuka futhi kuvuthwa njalo. Izinsiza zokulawula eziguquguqukayo zizoba yisidingo esiyinhloko ohlelweni olusha lwamandla, futhi ukunikezwa kwesitoreji esipompiwe kanye nesitoreji samandla amasha kuzokwanela kakhulu. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinsiza zokulawula eziguquguqukayo kuzoqhutshwa kakhulu ngamandla emakethe, Indlela yentengo yesitoreji esipompiwe kanye nezinye izinhlaka eziyinhloko izobonisa ngempela ubudlelwano phakathi kokunikezwa kwemakethe nesidingo, okubonisa ukuncintisana okugcwele.
Qonda kahle umphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni wesitoreji esipompiwe
Isiteshi sikagesi sokugcina ugesi sinokonga amandla okukhulu kanye nezinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamandla. Ohlelweni lwamandla lwendabuko, indima yokugcina ugesi ekongiweni kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamandla ibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili. Okokuqala ukufaka esikhundleni samandla okushisa ohlelweni ukuze kulawulwe umthwalo ophezulu, kukhiqizwe amandla ngesikhathi somthwalo ophezulu, kuncishiswe inani lokuqalisa kanye nokuvalwa kwamayunithi kagesi okushisa ukuze kulawulwe umthwalo ophezulu, kanye nokupompa amanzi ngesikhathi somthwalo ophansi, ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bomthwalo wokucindezela wamayunithi kagesi okushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kudlale indima yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamandla. Okwesibili ukudlala indima yokusekela ukuphepha nokuzinza njengokushintshashintsha kwemvamisa, ukushintshashintsha kwesigaba, ukugcinwa okujikelezayo kanye nokugcinwa okuphuthumayo, kanye nokwandisa izinga lomthwalo wawo wonke amayunithi kagesi okushisa ohlelweni lapho kufakwa esikhundleni amayunithi kagesi okushisa ukuze kugcinwe okuphuthumayo, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kwamayunithi kagesi okushisa futhi kufezwe indima yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamandla.
Ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu entsha yamandla, ukonga amandla kanye nomphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesitoreji esipompiwe kukhombisa izici ezintsha ngokwesisekelo esikhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzodlala indima enkulu ekushefeni okuphezulu ukusiza ukusetshenziswa okukhulu komoya kanye nokunye okusha kwegridi yamandla, okuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ohlelweni lonke; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzodlala indima ephephile nezinzile yokusekela njengokuguqulwa kwemvamisa, ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kanye nokulinda okujikelezayo ukusiza uhlelo ukunqoba izinkinga ezifana nokukhishwa okungazinzile kwamandla amasha kanye nokuntuleka kwe-inertia okubangelwa yisilinganiso esikhulu semishini kagesi yamandla, kuthuthukiswe kakhulu isilinganiso sokungena kwamandla amasha ohlelweni lwamandla, ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla akudala. Izici ezithonya isidingo sokulawulwa kwesistimu yamandla zifaka phakathi izici zomthwalo, isilinganiso sokuxhumeka kwegridi yamandla amasha kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla kwangaphandle kwesifunda. Ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu entsha yamandla, umthelela wokuxhumeka kwegridi yamandla amasha esidingweni sokulawulwa kwesistimu yamandla uzodlula kancane kancane izici zomthwalo, futhi indima yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yesitoreji esipompiwe kule nqubo izoba nkulu kakhulu.
IShayina inomsebenzi wesikhathi esifushane nonzima wokufeza izinga eliphezulu lekhabhoni kanye nokungaguquguquki kwekhabhoni. IKhomishini Yentuthuko Nezinguquko Kazwelonke ikhiphe Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa Ukulawulwa Okubili Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla kanye Nenani Eliphelele (FGHZ [2021] No. 1310) ukuze inikeze izinkomba zokulawula ukukhishwa kwegesi kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngendlela efanele. Ngakho-ke, isihloko esingadlala indima ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwegesi kufanele sihlolwe kahle futhi sinikezwe ukunakwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngesitoreji esipompiwe azikaqashelwa kahle. Okokuqala, amayunithi afanele awanaso isisekelo sesikhungo njengendlela yokwenza ikhabhoni ekuphathweni kwamandla okugcina okupompelwe, kanti okwesibili, izimiso zokusebenza zokugcina okupompelwe kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi ngaphandle kwemboni yamandla azisaqondakali kahle, okuholela ekubalweni kwamanje kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwabanye abashayeli bezindiza zokuhweba ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni ezitshalweni zamandla okugcina okupompelwe ngokweziqondiso zokubalwa nokubika kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni dioksijini ebhizinisini (iyunithi), kanye nokuthatha wonke ugesi opompelwe njengesisekelo sokubalwa kokukhishwa, Isiteshi samandla okugcina okupompelwe sesibe "yiyunithi yokukhipha ukhiye", okuletha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesiteshi samandla okugcina okupompelwe, futhi kubangele ukungaqondi kahle okukhulu emphakathini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuze kuqondwe kahle umphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni wesitoreji esipompiwe futhi kuqondiswe indlela yokuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kubalulekile ukusungula indlela esebenzayo ehambisana nezinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eziphelele zesitoreji esipompiwe ohlelweni lwamandla, kulinganiswe izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni zesitoreji esipompiwe, futhi kwakhiwe isaphulelo ngokumelene nesabelo esinganele ngaphakathi, esingasetshenziswa ekuthengiselaneni kwangaphandle kwemakethe yekhabhoni. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuqala okungacacile kwe-CCER kanye nomkhawulo wama-5% ekuncishisweni kokukhishwa kwekhabhoni, kukhona nokungaqiniseki ekuthuthukisweni kwendlela. Ngokusekelwe esimweni samanje sangempela, kunconywa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphelele kuthathwe ngokucacile njengesibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele kanye nezinhloso zokonga amandla zezitshalo zamandla zokugcina ezipompiwe ezingeni likazwelonke, ukuze kuncishiswe imingcele ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwesitoreji esipompiwe esikhathini esizayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-29-2022
