Ukwakha uhlelo olusha lwamandla kuyiphrojekthi eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ehlelekile. Kudingeka icabangele ukuhlanganiswa kokuvikeleka kwamandla nokuzinza, ingxenye ekhulayo yamandla amasha, kanye nezindleko ezizwakalayo zesistimu ngesikhathi esifanayo. Idinga ukuphatha ubudlelwano phakathi kokuguqulwa okuhlanzekile kwamayunithi kagesi oshisayo, ukungena ngokuhlelekile kwamandla avuselelekayo njengomoya nemvula, ukwakhiwa kokuxhumana kwegridi yamandla namandla okusizana, kanye nokwabiwa okunengqondo kwezinsiza ezivumelana nezimo. Ukuhlelwa kwesayensi kwendlela yokwakha yohlelo olusha lwamandla kuyisisekelo sokufinyelela umgomo wokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni kanye ne-carbon neutralization, futhi kuwumngcele kanye nomhlahlandlela wokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene ohlelweni olusha lwamandla.
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umthamo wamandla wamalahle afakiwe eShayina uzokwedlula ama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.1, okubalelwa ku-46.67% wesamba esifakiwe samandla angama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2.378, kanti amandla akhiqizwayo azoba ngama-kilowatt amabhiliyoni angama-5042.6, okubalelwa ku-60.06% wama-kilowatt ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-8.9. Ingcindezi ekuncishisweni kwe-emission inkulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunciphisa umthamo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kokuhlinzekwa. Umthamo ofakiwe wamandla omoya kanye nelanga ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-635, okubalelwa ku-11.14% kuphela wesamba somthamo othuthukiswayo wobuchwepheshe wama-kilowatts ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-5.7, futhi amandla okukhiqiza amandla angama-kilowatt ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-982.8, okubalwa kuphela u-11.7% wawo wonke amandla okukhiqiza ugesi. Amandla afakiwe kanye namandla okukhiqiza amandla omoya namandla elanga anendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa, futhi adinga ukusheshisa ukungena kugridi yamandla. Kunokuntuleka okukhulu kwezinsiza zokuvumelana nezimo zesistimu. Umthamo ofakiwe wemithombo yamandla elawulwayo eguquguqukayo efana nesitoreji esimpontshwa namandla ophehla amandla ngegesi enza u-6.1% kuphela wesamba esifakiwe. Ikakhulukazi, umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esimpontshwayo ungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingama-36.39, okubalwa kuphela i-1.53% yenani eliphelele elifakiwe. Kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa nokwakha. Ukwengeza, ubuchwepheshe bokulingisa bedijithali kufanele busetshenziselwe ukubikezela umphumela wamandla amasha ohlangothini lokuhlinzeka, ukulawula ngokunembile futhi uthephe amandla ohlangothi lokuphathwa kwesidingo, nokwandisa ingxenye yokuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo kwamasethi amakhulu okuphehla umlilo Ukuthuthukisa ikhono legridi yamandla ukuze kwandiswe ukwabiwa kwezinsiza ebangeni elikhulu ukuze kubhekwane nenkinga yokunganele komthamo wokulawula uhlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinye izindikimba eziyinhloko ohlelweni zingahlinzeka ngamasevisi anemisebenzi efanayo, njengokumisa isitoreji samandla kanye nokwengeza izintambo zokubopha kugridi yamandla kungathuthukisa ukugeleza kwamandla endawo, futhi ukulungisa izitshalo zamandla ezipompayo zokulondoloza kungashintsha amanye ama-condenser. Kulokhu, ukuthuthukiswa okudidiyelwe kwesifundo ngasinye, ukwabiwa okuphelele kwezinsiza, nokonga izindleko zomnotho konke kuncike ekuhleleni kwesayensi nokuphusile, futhi kudinga ukuxhunyaniswa kusuka kububanzi obukhudlwana kanye nesilinganiso sesikhathi eside.
Esikhathini sesimiso samandla esivamile sokuthi "umthombo ulandela umthwalo", ukuhlelwa kokunikezwa kwamandla kanye negridi yamandla e-China kunezinkinga ezithile. Esikhathini sohlelo olusha lwamandla ngokuthuthukiswa okufanayo "komthombo, igridi, umthwalo kanye nesitoreji", ukubaluleka kokuhlela ngokubambisana kuyandiswa nakakhulu. Isitoreji esimpontshiwe, njengesiphakeli samandla esibalulekile esihlanzekile nesiguquguqukayo ohlelweni lwamandla, sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuvikeleka kwegridi enkulu yamandla, ukunikeza ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kohlelo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kufanele siqinise isiqondiso sokuhlela futhi sicabange ngokugcwele ukuxhumana phakathi kokuthuthuka kwethu kanye nezidingo zokwakha zesistimu entsha yamandla. Selokhu sangena “OHlelweni Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane”, umbuso usukhiphe imibhalo ngokulandelana kwayo njengoHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokulondolozwa Kwe-Pumped (2021-2035), Uhlelo Lwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Lokuthuthukiswa Kwemboni Yamandla E-Hydrogen (2021-2035), kanye Nohlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Avuselelwayo “Lohlelo Lweshumi Nane Leminyaka Emihlanu” (FGNY) lukhawulelwe kule mboni engu-245, kodwa lukhawulelwe ku-245. “Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane” lokuthuthukiswa kwamandla kagesi, olubaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni nasekuqondisweni kwemboni yamandla kagesi, alukakhishwa ngokusemthethweni. Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi umnyango kazwelonke onekhono kufanele ukhiphe uhlelo lwesikhathi esimaphakathi neside lokwakhiwa kohlelo olusha lwamandla ukuze luqondise ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kabusha kwezinye izinhlelo embonini kagesi, ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokuthuthukisa ukwabiwa kwezinsiza.
Ukuthuthukiswa Okuhlangene Kwesitoreji Esipompowe kanye Nesitoreji Samandla Esisha
Ekupheleni kuka-2021, i-China isisebenzise ama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-5.7297 zokugcinwa kwamandla amasha, okuhlanganisa u-89.7% wamabhethri e-lithium ion, amabhethri angu-5.9% omthofu, u-3.2% womoya ocindezelwe kanye no-1.2% wezinye izinhlobo. Umthamo ofakiwe wesitoreji esimpontshwayo ungama-kilowatts ayizigidi ezingu-36.39, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha kunohlobo olusha lokugcina amandla. Kokubili isitoreji samandla esisha nesitoreji esimpontshwayo kuyizici ezibalulekile zesistimu entsha yamandla. Ukuhlelwa okuhlanganyelwe ohlelweni lwamandla kunganikeza ukudlala ezinzuzweni zabo futhi kuthuthukise amandla okulawula uhlelo. Kodwa-ke, kunomehluko osobala phakathi kwalokhu okubili ekusebenzeni nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza.
Isitoreji samandla esisha sibhekisela kubuchwepheshe obusha bokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwe-pumped storage, okuhlanganisa isitoreji samandla e-electrochemical, i-flywheel, umoya ocindezelweyo, i-hydrogen (ammonia) isitoreji samandla, njll. Iningi leziteshi zamandla ezintsha zokugcina amandla zinezinzuzo zesikhathi esifushane sokwakha kanye nokukhetha indawo elula futhi evumelana nezimo, kodwa umnotho wamanje awulungile. Phakathi kwazo, isikali sokugcina amandla e-electrochemical ngokuvamile singu-10 ~ 100 MW, nesivinini sokuphendula samashumi kuya kumakhulu ama-millisecond, ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, nokunemba okuhle kokulungisa. Ilungele kakhulu izimo ezisabalalisiwe zokushefa okuphezulu, ngokuvamile okuxhunywe kunethiwekhi yokusabalalisa i-voltage ephansi noma ohlangothini lwesiteshi samandla esisha, futhi ngokobuchwepheshe ifanelekela izindawo zokulungiswa okuvamisile nokushesha, njengokuguquguquka kwefrikhwensi okuyisisekelo kanye nokushintshwa kwefrikhwensi yesibili. Isitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe sithatha umoya njengesiphakathi, esinezici zomthamo omkhulu, izikhathi eziningi zokushaja nokukhipha, kanye nempilo ende yesevisi. Nokho, ukusebenza kahle kwamanje kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa. Ukugcinwa kwamandla omoya ocindezelwe wubuchwepheshe obufana kakhulu bokugcina amandla endaweni yokupompa. Ogwadule, i-gobi, ugwadule kanye nezinye izindawo lapho kungafaneleki khona ukuhlela isitoreji esiponsiwe, ukuhlelwa kwesitoreji samandla omoya ocindezelwe kungabambisana ngokuphumelelayo nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amasha ezisekelweni zezindawo ezinkulu, ezinamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa; Amandla e-Hydrogen ayisiphathi esibalulekile sokusebenzisa amandla amakhulu nangempumelelo amandla avuselelekayo. Izici zayo zokulondoloza amandla ezinkulu nezesikhathi eside zingaphromotha ukunikezwa okuphelele kwamandla ahlukahlukene kuzo zonke izifunda nezinkathi zonyaka. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yezamandla kazwelonke yesikhathi esizayo futhi inamathuba abanzi okusebenza.
Ngokuphambene, iziteshi zamandla ezimpontshwa zesitoreji zinokuvuthwa okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe, umthamo omkhulu, impilo ende yesevisi, ukwethembeka okuphezulu kanye nomnotho omuhle. Zifanele izimo ezinesidingo esikhulu somthamo wokushefa noma ukushefa okuphezulu kwesidingo samandla, futhi zixhunywe kunethiwekhi eyinhloko ezingeni eliphezulu likagesi. Uma kucatshangelwa izidingo ze-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutralization kanye neqiniso lokuthi inqubekelaphambili yentuthuko yangaphambilini ihlehla kancane, ukuze kusheshiswe inqubekelaphambili yokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi futhi kuzuzwe izidingo zokwanda ngokushesha komthamo ofakiwe, ijubane lokwakhiwa okujwayelekile kweziteshi zikagesi ezimpontshwayo eChina liye lasheshiswa nakakhulu. Ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokubhekana nobunzima nezinselele ezehlukene ngemva kokuba isiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwayo singene enkathini ephakeme yokuthuthukiswa, ukwakhiwa nokukhiqiza. Kuyasiza ukusheshisa inqubekelaphambili yokukhiqiza imishini kanye nokwenza ngcono ikhwalithi, ukukhuthaza ukuphepha nokuhleleka kokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, ukusebenza nokuphatha, futhi kuyisiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esimponsiwe sibheke lapho kuqondiswa khona.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukahlukene kokugcinwa kwe-pump nakho kuyaziswa kancane kancane. Okokuqala nje, uhlelo lwesikhathi esimaphakathi nesikhathi eside sokugcinwa kwephampu luhlongoza ukuqinisa ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi empontshwayo emincane naphakathi. Isitoreji sokupompa esincane nesiphakathi sinezinzuzo zezinsiza zesayithi ezicebile, ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo, ukusondelana nesikhungo somthwalo, nokuhlanganiswa okuseduze namandla amasha asabalalisiwe, okuyisithasiselo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesitoreji esipompowe. Okwesibili ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo yokugcina amanzi olwandle empontshwa. Ukusetshenziswa okuxhunyiwe kwegridi kwamandla amakhulu omoya ogwini lolwandle kudinga ukumiswa ngezinsiza zokulungisa ezivumelana nezimo. NgokweSaziso Sokushicilela Imiphumela Yokubalwa Kwensiza Yezimboni Zamandla Asemanzini Ampompa Isitoreji (GNXN [2017] No. 68) esikhishwe ngo-2017, izinsiza zokugcina ezimpontshwa amanzi olwandle zaseChina zigxile kakhulu ezindaweni ezingasogwini naseziqhingini zezifundazwe ezinhlanu ezisempumalanga nezisogwini kanye nezifundazwe ezintathu eziseningizimu nentuthuko enhle. Okokugcina, umthamo ofakiwe namahora okusetshenziswa kubhekwa njengawo wonke ngokuhlanganiswa nesidingo sokulawula igridi yamandla. Ngokukhula kwengxenye yamandla amasha kanye nokuthambekela kokuba umthombo oyinhloko wokunikezwa kwamandla esikhathini esizayo, umthamo omkhulu kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla kwesikhathi eside kuzodingeka nje. Esizeni sesiteshi esiqeqeshiwe, sizocatshangelwa ngokufanelekile njengokwandisa umthamo wokulondoloza nokwelula amahora okusetshenziswa, futhi ngeke sibe ngaphansi kokukhawulelwa kwezinto ezifana nenkomba yezindleko zeyunithi futhi sihlukaniswe nesidingo sesistimu.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni samanje lapho uhlelo lwamandla lwaseShayina lushoda kakhulu ezinsizeni eziguquguqukayo, ukugcinwa okumpontshwa kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla amasha kunamathemba abanzi entuthuko. Ngokusho komehluko ezicini zabo zobuchwepheshe, ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokucatshangelwa okugcwele kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokufinyelela, kuhlanganiswe nezidingo zangempela zesistimu yamandla wesifunda, futhi kuvinjelwa ukuphepha, ukuzinza, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nezinye izimo zemingcele, ukuhlelwa kokubambisana kufanele kwenziwe ngomthamo kanye nesakhiwo ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela omuhle.
Umthelela wendlela yenani likagesi ekuthuthukisweni kwesitoreji esimpontshwa
Isitoreji esimpontshiwe sinikeza lonke uhlelo lwamandla, okuhlanganisa ukuphakelwa kwamandla, igridi kagesi nabasebenzisi, futhi zonke izinhlangothi ziyazuza kuso ngendlela engaqhudelani futhi engakhethekile. Ngokombono wezomnotho, imikhiqizo ehlinzekwe isitoreji esimpontshelwe yimikhiqizo yomphakathi yesistimu yamandla futhi inikeza izinsizakalo zomphakathi ukuze kusebenze kahle uhlelo lwamandla.
Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kwesistimu yamandla kagesi, umbuso ukhiphe izinqubomgomo zokukwenza kucace ukuthi indawo yokupompa inikezela ngokuyinhloko igridi yamandla, futhi isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi amabhizinisi asebenza ngegridi yamandla ngendlela ebumbene noma eqashisiwe. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wenza ngendlela efanayo amanani kagesi wegridi kanye nenani likagesi wokudayiswa. Imali engenayo eyinhloko yegridi yamandla ivela emalini yokuthenga nokuthengisa. Inqubomgomo ekhona ichaza ngokuyisisekelo ukuthi izindleko zesitoreji esimponliwe kufanele zibuyiswe kusukela kumehluko wentengo yokuthenga neyokuthengisa yegridi yamandla, futhi kuhlanganiswe isiteshi sokudonsa.
Ngemva kokuguqulwa kwenani likagesi wokudluliswa nokusabalalisa, Isaziso Sekhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nenguquko Ezindabeni Ezihlobene Nokuthuthukisa Indlela Yokwenza Intengo Yezimboni Zamandla Ezipompa Amandla Esitoreji (FGJG [2014] No. 1763) sikubeke kwacaca ukuthi inani lentengo kagesi elinezingxenye ezimbili lasetshenziswa emandleni okugcina ampontshiwe, aqinisekiswa ngokuhambisana nenani elifanele lemali engenayo. Izindleko zikagesi wamandla kanye nokulahlekelwa kokuphampa kwemishini yamandla ampontshwayo afakwe ekubalweni okuhlanganisiwe kwezindleko zokusebenza kwegridi yamandla kagesi wesifundazwe (noma igridi yamandla wesifunda) njengento yokulungisa amanani kagesi othengiswayo, kodwa umgudu wokudlulisa izindleko awulungiswanga. Ngemva kwalokho, Ikhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko yakhipha imibhalo ngokulandelana kowezi-2016 nango-2019, ebeka ukuthi izindleko ezifanele zemishini yokuphehla amandla okugcina amandla azifakiwe emalini evunyelwe yamabhizinisi egridi kagesi, futhi izindleko zemishini yokuphehla amandla okugcina amandla azifakiwe ezindlekweni zentengo yokudlulisa nokusabalalisa, okuphinde kunqamule indlela yokushanela izindleko zokugcinwa kwegesi. Ukwengeza, isikali sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji esimpontshwa phakathi nesikhathi "soHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu" sasiphansi kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelwe ngenxa yokuqonda okunganele kokuma kokusebenza kwesitoreji esimpontshwa ngaleso sikhathi kanye nesihloko sokutshalwa kwezimali okukodwa.
Njengoba ibhekene nale nkinga, Imibono Yekhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko Yokuthuthukisa Kakhudlwana Indlela Yezintengo Ye-Pumped Storage Energy (FGJG [2021] No. 633) yethulwa ngoMeyi 2021. Le nqubomgomo ichaze ngokwesayensi inqubomgomo yentengo kagesi yamandla okugcina ampontshiwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuhlanganiswa neqiniso elihlosiwe lokuthi isici somphakathi samandla okugcina ampontshwayo sinamandla futhi izindleko azikwazi ukutholwa ngogesi, indlela yokubeka amanani enkathi yokusebenza yasetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe intengo yomthamo kanye nokululama ngenani lokudlulisela nokusabalalisa; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuhlanganiswe nejubane lokuguqulwa kwemakethe yamandla, imakethe yendawo yentengo kagesi iyahlolwa. Ukwethulwa kwenqubomgomo kukhuthaze kakhulu ukuzimisela kokutshalwa kwezimali kwezifundo zomphakathi, kwabeka isisekelo esiqinile sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwendawo yokugcina amanzi. Ngokwezibalo, umthamo wamaphrojekthi okugcinwa kwephampu aqalisiwe, esakhiwayo nangaphansi kokukhuthazwa afinyelele ku-130 million kilowatts. Uma wonke amaphrojekthi asakhiwayo nangaphansi kokukhuthazwa eqala ukusebenza ngaphambi kuka-2030, lokhu kungaphezu kwalokho okulindelekile “kokuthi ama-kilowatt ayizigidi ezingu-120 azofakwa ekukhiqizweni ngo-2030” kuHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esimaphakathi Neside Sesitoreji Esipompa (2021-2035). Uma kuqhathaniswa nemodi evamile yokukhiqiza amandla ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi, uhlelo olusha lwamandla omoya luhambisana nezindleko zokukhiqiza amandla amasha, kodwa amandla amasha ahambisana nezindleko zokukhiqiza amandla omoya amasha. Izindleko zokusetshenziswa zinkulu futhi azinayo indlela yokwabiwa nokudlulisa amandla, ezinsizeni ezinezimfanelo eziqinile zomphakathi ezifana nesitoreji esimpontshelwe, ukusekelwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nesiqondiso kuyadingeka ekuqaleni kwentuthuko ukuze kuqinisekiswe intuthuko esheshayo yembonini ngaphansi kwesimo senhloso yokuthi isikali sokuthuthukiswa kwesitoreji sase-China sisemuva futhi indima ye-carbontro enenani elibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwefasitela idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni i-carbon. embonini yokulondoloza empontshiwe.
Ukuguqulwa kohlangothi lokuphakelwa kukagesi ukusuka kumandla avamile ensalela kuya kumandla avuselelekayo ngezikhathi ezithile kunquma ukuthi izindleko eziyinhloko zamanani kagesi ziyashintsha zisuka ezindlekweni zamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi ziye ezindlekweni zamandla avuselelekayo kanye nokulawulwa okuvumelana nezimo kokwakhiwa kwezinsiza. Ngenxa yobunzima kanye nesimo sesikhathi eside soguquko, inqubo yokusungulwa kohlelo lokukhiqiza amandla aseShayina olusekelwe emalahleni kanye nohlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo olusekelwe kumandla amasha luzohlala isikhathi eside, okudinga ukuthi siqhubeke nokuqinisa umgomo wesimo sezulu wokukhuphuka kwekhabhoni kanye nokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni. Ekuqaleni koguquko lwamandla, ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda okubambe iqhaza elikhulu ekugqugquzeleni ukuguqulwa kwamandla ahlanzekile kufanele kuqhutshekwe nenqubomgomo futhi kugqugquzelwe yimakethe, Kuncishiswe ukugxambukela kanye nesiqondiso esingalungile senzuzo yemali efunwa ngesu eliphelele, futhi kuqinisekiswe isiqondiso esifanele soguquko lwamandla ahlanzekile nekhabhoni ephansi.
Ngokuthuthuka okugcwele kwamandla avuselelekayo futhi kancane kancane iba umphakeli omkhulu wamandla, ukwakhiwa kwemakethe yamandla yaseChina nakho kuthuthuka futhi kukhula njalo. Izinsiza zokulawula eziguquguqukayo zizoba yisidingo esiyinhloko ohlelweni olusha lwamandla, futhi ukunikezwa kwesitoreji esipompowe kanye nokugcinwa kwamandla okusha kuzokwanela. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwakhiwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kanye nezinsiza zokulawula eziguquguqukayo kuzoqhutshwa ngokuyinhloko amandla emakethe, Indlela yentengo yesitoreji esipompowe kanye nezinye izindikimba eziyinhloko zizobonisa ngempela ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe nokufunwa, okubonisa ukuncintisana okuphelele.
Qonda kahle umphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni endaweni yokupompa
Isiteshi samandla esigciniwe esimpontshiwe sinezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokonga kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Ohlelweni lwamandla endabuko, indima yokumpontshwa kwesitoreji ekongiweni kwamandla nasekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ibonakala kakhulu ezicini ezimbili. Eyokuqala iwukuba esikhundleni samandla ashisayo ohlelweni lokulawulwa komthwalo ophakeme kakhulu, ukukhiqiza amandla ekulayisheni okuphezulu, ukunciphisa inani lokuqalisa kanye nokuvalwa kwamayunithi wamandla ashisayo wokulawula umthwalo ophakeme, kanye nokumpompa amanzi ngomthwalo ophansi, ukuze kuncishiswe ububanzi bomthwalo wengcindezi yamayunithi amandla ashisayo, ngaleyo ndlela kudlale indima yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa. Okwesibili ukudlala indima yokusekelwa kokuphepha nokuzinza njengokuguquguquka kwemvamisa, ukuguquguquka kwesigaba, indawo yokugcina amandla kanye nokugcinwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, kanye nokwenyusa izinga lomthwalo wawo wonke amayunithi amandla ashisayo ohlelweni lapho kushintsha amayunithi amandla ashisayo endaweni yokugcinwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamalahle kwamayunithi amandla ashisayo futhi kuzuzwe indima yokonga amandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.
Ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu entsha yamandla, ukonga amandla kanye nomphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwesitoreji esipompowe kukhombisa izici ezintsha kusisekelo esikhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izodlala indima enkulu ekushebeni okuphezulu ukusiza umoya omkhulu kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa kwegridi yamandla entsha okuxhumene, okuzoletha izinzuzo ezinkulu zokunciphisa ukungcola ohlelweni lulonke; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izodlala indima esekelayo ephephile futhi ezinzile njengokuguquguquka kwemvamisa, ukuguquguquka kwesigaba kanye nokulinda okujikelezayo ukuze isize isistimu inqobe izinkinga ezifana nokukhishwa okungazinzile kwamandla amasha kanye nokuntuleka kwe-inertia okubangelwa ingxenye ephezulu yamandla emishini kagesi, ithuthukise futhi ingxenye yokungena kwamandla amasha ohlelweni lwamandla, ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezinsalela. Izici ezinomthelela wesidingo sokulawulwa kwesistimu yamandla zihlanganisa izici zomthwalo, ingxenye yokuxhumeka kwegridi yamandla amasha kanye nokudluliswa kwamandla angaphandle kwesifunda. Ngokwakhiwa kwesistimu entsha yamandla, umthelela wokuxhunywa kwegridi yamandla amasha esidingweni sokulawulwa kwesistimu kagesi kancane kancane uzodlula izici zomthwalo, futhi indima yokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni yokugcinwa okumpontshwayo kule nqubo izobaluleka kakhulu.
I-China inomsebenzi wesikhathi esifushane nomsebenzi osindayo wokufeza i-carbon peak kanye ne-carbon neutralization. IKhomishana Kazwelonke Yokuthuthukiswa Nezinguquko ikhiphe Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa Ukulawulwa Okukabili Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Amandla kanye Nesamba Sesamba (i-FGHZ [2021] No. 1310) ukuze yabele izinkomba zokulawula ukungcola kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe ukuze zilawule ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngokunengqondo. Ngakho-ke, isihloko esingabamba iqhaza ekunciphiseni ukungcola kufanele sihlaziywe ngendlela efanele futhi sinikezwe ukunakwa okufanele. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje, izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni endaweni yokupompa ayikaqashelwa ngendlela efanele. Okokuqala, amayunithi afanele awanazo isisekelo sesikhungo esifana nendlela ye-carbon ekuphathweni kwamandla endaweni yokupompa, kanti okwesibili, izimiso zokusebenza zokuphonswa kwesitoreji kwezinye izindawo zomphakathi ngaphandle kwemboni yamandla kagesi azikaqondwa kahle, okuholela ekubalweni kwamanje kwe-carbon emission accounting yabanye abashayeli bezindiza abahweba nge-carbon emission yezitshalo zamandla okugcina ngokumpontshwa ngokweziqondiso zebhizinisi (iyunithi) ukukhishwa kukagesi we-carbon dioxide kanye ne-accounting ekhishwayo, ukupompa kukagesi kanye nokubika konke Isiteshi samandla okugcina amandla sesiphenduke “iyunithi yokukhipha ukhiye”, okuletha ukuphazamiseka okuningi ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesiteshi samandla esipompayo, futhi kubangela nokungaqondi okukhulu emphakathini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuze kuqondwe kahle umphumela wokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni endaweni yokugcina empontshwa futhi kuqondiswe indlela yokuphatha ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kuyadingeka ukusungula indlela esebenzayo ngokuhambisana nezinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni iyonke yokugcinwa okumpontshwa ohlelweni lwamandla, ukulinganisa izinzuzo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni endaweni yokugcina empontshwayo, futhi wenze i-offset ngokumelene nesabelo esinganele ngaphakathi, esingasetshenziselwa ukuhwebelana kwemakethe yekhabhoni yangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesiqalo esingacacile se-CCER kanye nomkhawulo wama-5% wokunciphisa i-emissions, kukhona nokungaqiniseki ekuthuthukisweni kwendlela. Ngokusekelwe esimweni sangempela samanje, kunconywa ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kuthathwe ngokusobala njengenkomba yokulawula yengqikithi yokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezinjongo zokongiwa kwamandla ezitshalo zamandla okugcina ampontshiwe ezingeni likazwelonke, ukuze kuncishiswe izithiyo ekuthuthukisweni okunempilo kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ngokuzayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-29-2022
