Ukuphakama kweyunithi yokudonsa kwesiteshi samandla esipompayo kuzoba nomthelela oqondile ohlelweni lokuphambukisa kanye nesakhiwo sendlu kagesi yesiteshi sikagesi, futhi imfuneko yokujula kokumba okungajulile inganciphisa izindleko ezihambisanayo zokwakha isikhungo sikagesi; Kodwa-ke, kuzophinde kwandise ingozi ye-cavitation ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwepompo, ngakho-ke ukunemba kwesilinganiso sokuphakama ngesikhathi sokufakwa kokuqala kwesiteshi samandla kubaluleke kakhulu. Enqubweni yokuqala yokufaka isicelo se-pump turbine, kwatholakala ukuthi i-runner cavitation ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kwepompo yayibucayi kakhulu kunaleyo engaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza kwe-turbine. Ekwakhiweni, ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi uma i-cavitation ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza sepompo ingahlangatshezwana nayo, isimo sokusebenza se-turbine singabuye sihlangane.
Ukukhethwa kokuphakama kokumunca kwe-turbine yephampu yokugeleza okuxubile kubhekiselwa kakhulu ezimisweni ezimbili:
Okokuqala, kuzokwenziwa ngokuvumelana nesimo sokuthi akukho cavitation ngaphansi kwesimo sokusebenza sepompo yamanzi; Okwesibili, ukuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi akukwazi ukwenzeka kulo lonke uhlelo lokudluliswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yoshintsho yokwenqatshwa kweyunithi.
Ngokuvamile, isivinini esithile silingana ne-cavitation coefficient yomgijimi. Ngokukhula kwejubane elithile, i-cavitation coefficient yomgijimi nayo iyanda, futhi ukusebenza kwe-cavitation kuncipha. Kuhlanganiswe nenani lokubala elingokomfanekiso lobude bokumunca kanye nenani lokubala ledigri ye-vacuum yeshubhu esalungiswa ngaphansi kwezimo zenqubo yoshintsho eziyingozi kakhulu, futhi kucatshangelwa ukuthi ngesisekelo sokulondoloza ukumbiwa komphakathi ngangokunokwenzeka, iyunithi inokujula okwanele kokucwilisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kweyunithi.
Ukujula kwe-submergence ye-turbine yepompo yekhanda eliphezulu kunqunywa ngokusho kokungabikho kwe-cavitation ye-turbine yepompo kanye nokungabikho kokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi ku-tube yokusalungiswa ngesikhathi sezinguquko ezihlukahlukene. Ukujula kokucwiliswa kwamanzi kwamaphampu ophephela ezimbonini zamandla okugcina ampontshiwe kukhulu kakhulu, ngakho ukuphakama kokufakwa kwamayunithi kuphansi. Ukuphakama kwamayunithi amakhanda aphezulu asetshenziswa ezimbonini zikagesi eziqaliswe ukusebenza eShayina, njenge-Xilong Pond, kungu-75m, kanti ukuphakama kwezitshalo eziningi ezinamandla ezinamakhanda amanzi angama-400-500m cishe - 70 kuya - 80m, futhi ukuphakama kwamanzi angama-700m cishe - 100m.
Phakathi nenqubo yokwenqatshwa komthwalo we-turbine yepompo, umphumela wesando samanzi wenza ukucindezela okumaphakathi kwesigaba seshubhu esalungiswa kwehle kakhulu. Ngokukhula okusheshayo kwesivinini somgijimi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqulwa kokwenqatshwa komthwalo, ukugeleza kwamanzi okujikelezayo okunamandla kubonakala ngaphandle kwesigaba sokuphuma komgijimi, okwenza ukucindezela kwesikhungo kwesigaba kube phansi kunokucindezela kwangaphandle. Ngisho noma ukucindezela okumaphakathi kwesigaba kusekukhulu kunomfutho wamanzi wokuhwamuka, ingcindezi yendawo yesikhungo ingase ibe ngaphansi kunomfutho wokuhwamuka kwamanzi, okubangela ukuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi. Ekuhlaziyeni izinombolo zenqubo yokuguqula i-turbine yephampu, ukucindezela okumaphakathi kuphela kwesigaba ngasinye sepayipi kunganikezwa. Kuphela ngokuhlolwa okugcwele kokulingisa kwenqubo yokuguqulwa kokwenqatshwa komthwalo lapho ukwehla kwengcindezi yendawo kunganqunywa ukuze kugwenywe isenzakalo sokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi kushubhu yokusalungiswa.
Ukujula kokucwiliswa kwamanzi kwe-turbine yepompo ephezulu yekhanda akufanele nje kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokunqanda ukuguguleka, kodwa futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi ishubhu elisalungiswa alinakho ukuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi phakathi nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zoguquko. I-super high head pump turbine ithatha ukujula okukhulu kokucwiliswa kwamanzi ukuze igweme ukuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi ngesikhathi senqubo yoshintsho futhi iqinisekise ukuphepha kwesistimu yokuphambukisa amanzi kanye namayunithi esiteshi sikagesi. Isibonelo, ubuncane bokujula kokucwiliswa kwamanzi kweSiteshi Samandla Samandla Se-Geyechuan Pumped Storage ngu-98m, kanti ubuncane bokujula kokucwiliswa kwe-Shenliuchuan Pumped Storage Power Station ngu-104m. Isiteshi sikagesi esimpontshwa iJixi singu-85m, iDunhua ingu-94m, iChanglongshan ingu-94m, kanti iYangjiang iyi-100m.
Kuyo injini yephampu efanayo, lapho ichezuka kakhulu esimeni esikahle sokusebenza, kulapho kukhulu ukushuba kwe-cavitation ehluphekayo. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza zokuphakama okuphezulu nokugeleza okuncane, imigqa eminingi yokugeleza ine-angle enhle yokuhlasela, futhi i-cavitation kulula ukwenzeka endaweni yokucindezela okungalungile kwe-blade suction surface; Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuphakama okuphansi nokugeleza okukhulu, i-angle engalungile yokuhlaselwa kwendawo yokucindezela i-blade inkulu, okulula ukubangela ukuhlukaniswa kokugeleza, ngaleyo ndlela kuholele ekugugulekeni kwe-cavitation ye-blade pressure surface. Ngokuvamile, i-coefficient ye-cavitation inkulu kakhulu esiteshini samandla esinebanga elikhulu lokushintsha ikhanda, futhi ukuphakama okuphansi kokufakwa kungahlangabezana nemfuneko yokuthi akukho cavitation ezokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza ekuphakameni okuphansi kanye nezimo zokuphakama okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma ikhanda lamanzi lihluka kakhulu, ukuphakama kokudonsa kuzokwanda ngokufanele ukuhlangabezana nezimo. Isibonelo, ukujula kokucwiliswa kwe-QX kungu-66m, kanye no-MX-68m. Ngenxa yokuthi ukuhluka kwekhanda lamanzi le-MX kukhulu, kunzima kakhulu ukubona ukulungiswa kanye nesiqinisekiso se-MX.
Kubikwa ukuthi ezinye izimboni zamandla ezimpontshwa zakwamanye amazwe ziye zabhekana nokuhlukana kwekholomu yamanzi. Ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwemodeli yokulingisa yenqubo yoguquko yeturbine yepompo ephezulu yaseJapan kwenziwa kumkhiqizi, futhi ukwenzeka kokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi kwacwaningwa ngokujula ukuze kunqunywe ukuphakama kokufakwa kwenjini yephampu. Inkinga enzima kakhulu yezitshalo zamandla okugcina amaphampu ukuphepha kwesistimu. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhuphuka komfutho we-spiral case kanye nomsila one-negative wamanzi kungaphakathi kwebanga eliphephile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezidlulele, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kufinyelela ezingeni lokuqala, okunomthelela omkhulu ekukhetheni ukujula kokucwiliswa kwamanzi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-23-2022
