Umnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi kaHulumeni Wesifunda Sokuphatha Esikhethekile sase-Hong Kong uzibophezele ekusizeni ukwehlisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izindawo zokonga amandla kanye nezindawo zamandla avuselelekayo ziye zafakwa kwezinye zezitshalo zayo. Ngokwethulwa ngokusemthethweni “kweSigaba II Sohlelo Lokuhlanzwa Kwechweba laseHong Kong”, uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi usufake uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi osebenza ngomshini osebenza ngogesi e-Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant (isikhungo sokukhuculula indle esinomthamo omkhulu wokukhuculula indle eHong Kong), esebenzisa amandla asebenza ngaphansi kwamanzi endle agelezayo ukushayela ijeneretha kagesi esikhungweni, bese sisebenzisa umshini wokuphehla ugesi esikhungweni. Leli phepha lethula uhlelo, okuhlanganisa nezinselelo okuhlangatshezwane nazo ekuqalisweni kwamaphrojekthi afanelekile, ukucatshangelwa nezici zomklamo nokwakhiwa kwesistimu, nokusebenza kokusebenza kohlelo. Lolu hlelo alusizi nje kuphela ukonga izindleko zikagesi, kodwa futhi lusebenzisa amanzi ukwehlisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.
1 Isingeniso sephrojekthi
Isigaba A sesibili “soHlelo Lokuhlanzwa Kwezikhumulo Semikhumbi” siwuhlelo olukhulu olusetshenziswa uHulumeni Wesifunda Sokuphatha Esikhethekile sase-Hong Kong ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lamanzi echwebeni lase-Victoria. Yasetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni ngoZibandlela wezi-2015. Umsebenzi wayo uhlanganisa ukwakhiwa komhubhe wendle ojulile onobude obungaba ngu-21km no-163m ngaphansi komhlaba, ukuthutha indle ekhiqizwe enyakatho naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yesiqhingi iye e-Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant, kanye nokwandisa umthamo wokwelashwa kwesikhungo sokukhucululwa kwendle esihlinzeka indle engu-5m3 × 1 izakhamuzi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-5.7. Ngenxa yokulinganiselwa komhlaba, i-Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant isebenzisa amasethi angu-46 amathangi okuthulula indle aphindwe kabili ukuze kuhlanzwe indle okuthuthukisiwe ngamakhemikhali, futhi njalo amasethi amabili amathangi okuthuthwa kwendle azohlanganyela umphini oqondile (okungukuthi, isamba samashafti angu-23) ukuthumela indle ehlanziwe epayipini lokudonsa amanzi elijulile, bese likhipha amanzi okugcina.
2 Ucwaningo lwangaphambi kwesikhathi olufanele nentuthuko
Uma kubhekwa inani elikhulu lendle elihlanzwa yi-Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant nsuku zonke kanye nomklamo oyingqayizivele onezingqimba ezimbili zethangi lalo lokuthuthwa kwendle, linganikeza inani elithile lamandla asebenza ngamanzi ngenkathi ikhipha indle ehlanzekile ukushayela ijeneretha ephehla ugesi. Ithimba loMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi libe seliqhuba ucwaningo olufanele ngo-2008 futhi lenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo zasenkundleni. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo lokuqala iqinisekisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokufaka amajeneretha omoya.
Indawo yokufaka: ku-shaft ye-sedimentation tank; Ukucindezela kwamanzi okuphumelelayo: 4.5 ~ 6m (umklamo othize uncike ezimweni zangempela zokusebenza esikhathini esizayo kanye nesimo esiqondile se-turbine); Ububanzi bokugeleza: 1.1 ～ 1.25 m3 / s; Amandla aphezulu okukhipha: 45 ~ 50 kW; Izisetshenziswa nezinto zokwakha: Njengoba indle ehlanziwe isenokugqwala okuthile, izinto ezikhethiwe kanye nemishini ehlobene kufanele ibe nesivikelo esanele kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
Maqondana nalokhu, uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle ubeke indawo yamasethi amabili amathangi e-sedimentation endaweni yokuhlanza indle ukuze kufakwe uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi ophehlwayo kuphrojekthi yokwandisa “Iphrojekthi Yezokuhlanza Ichweba Lechweba Isigaba II”.
3 Ukucatshangelwa Kwedizayini Yesistimu nezici
3.1 Amandla akhiqiziwe kanye nomfutho wamanzi osebenzayo
Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kagesi akhiqizwa amandla e-hydrodynamic kanye nomfutho wamanzi osebenzayo buza kanje: amandla kagesi akhiqizwayo (kW)=[ukuminyana kwendle ehlanzekile ρ (kg/m3) × Izinga lokugeleza kwamanzi Q (m3/s) × Umfutho wamanzi osebenzayo H (m) × Amandla adonsela phansi g (9.807 m/s10)0 ÷07 m/s2)0
× Ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lonke (%). Ukucindezela kwamanzi okuphumelelayo umehluko phakathi kwezinga eliphezulu elivumelekile lamanzi le-shaft kanye nezinga lamanzi le-shaft eseduze emanzini agelezayo.
Ngamanye amazwi, ukuphakama kwesivinini sokugeleza kanye nokucindezela kwamanzi okuphumelelayo, amandla amakhulu akhiqizwayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla engeziwe, enye yezinhloso zokuklama iwukuvumela uhlelo lwe-turbine ukuthola isivinini esiphezulu sokugeleza kwamanzi kanye nomfutho wamanzi osebenzayo.
3.2 Amaphuzu abalulekile okwakhiwa kwesistimu
Okokuqala, mayelana nesakhiwo, uhlelo olusha lwe-turbine olusanda kufakwa akumele luthinte ukusebenza okuvamile kwesikhungo sokuhlanza indle ngangokunokwenzeka. Isibonelo, isistimu kufanele ibe nezinsiza ezifanele zokuvikela ukuze kuvinjwe ithangi le-sedimentation elikhuphuka nomfula ekuchichimeni indle ehlanziwe ngenxa yokulawulwa kwesistimu okungalungile. Amapharamitha okusebenza anqunywa ngesikhathi sokuklama: izinga lokugeleza 1.06 ～ 1.50m3/s, ububanzi bokucindezela kwamanzi obusebenzayo 24 ～ 52kPa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba indle ehlanzwa ithangi le-sedimentation isaqukethe izinto ezonakalisayo, njenge-hydrogen sulfide nosawoti, zonke izinto zengxenye ye-turbine system ezithinta indle ehlanziwe kufanele zimelane nokugqwala (njengezinto zensimbi engagqwali eziyi-duplex ezivame ukusetshenziselwa imishini yokuhlanza indle), ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwesistimu yokunakekela kanye nokunciphisa ukuqina kwesistimu yokulungisa.
Mayelana nokuklanywa kwesistimu yamandla, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi okuthuthwa kwendle akuzinzile ngokuphelele ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, lonke uhlelo lokuphehla ugesi luxhunywe ngokuhambisana negridi ukuze kugcinwe ukunikezwa kwamandla okuthembekile. Ukuxhunywa kwegridi kuzohlelwa ngokuhambisana nemihlahlandlela yobuchwepheshe yokuxhuma igridi ekhishwe inkampani kagesi kanye noMnyango Wezinkonzo Zezogesi Nezomshini woHulumeni Wesifunda Sokuphatha Esikhethekile sase-Hong Kong.
Ngokuphathelene nokuhlelwa kwamapayipi, ngaphezu kwemingcele yesayithi ekhona, isidingo sokugcinwa nokulungiswa kwesistimu sibhekwa futhi. Mayelana nalokhu, icebo lokuqala lokufaka i-hydraulic turbine kushafti yethangi lokulungisa elihlongozwa kuphrojekthi ye-R&D selishintshiwe. Esikhundleni salokho, indle ehlanzekile iholwa ngaphandle kwe-shaft ngomphimbo futhi ithunyelwe ku-hydraulic turbine, okunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima nesikhathi sokugcinwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesitshalo sokuhlanza indle.
Uma kubhekwa iqiniso lokuthi ithange le-sedimentation ngezikhathi ezithile lidinga ukumiswa ukuze lilungiswe, umphimbo wesistimu ka-turbine uxhunywe kumashafti amabili amasethi amane amathangi okuthungatha anesitezi esikabili. Ngisho noma amasethi amabili amathangi okuthungatha ayeka ukusebenza, amanye amasethi amabili amathangi okuthungatha angaphinde anikeze indle ehlanzekile, aqhube isistimu yezinjini zomoya, futhi aqhubeke nokukhiqiza ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ibigcinelwe eduze kwethangi le-47/49 # sedimentation ukuze kufakwe isistimu yokuphehla amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine yesibili esikhathini esizayo, ukuze kuthi lapho amasethi amane amathangi okuthungatha esebenza ngokujwayelekile, izinhlelo ezimbili zokuphehla amandla ophephela womoya zingakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla ngesikhathi esisodwa, zifinyelele umthamo omkhulu wamandla.
3.3 Ukukhethwa kwe-hydraulic turbine kanye nejeneretha
I-Hydraulic turbine iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile salo lonke uhlelo lokuphehla amandla. Ama-turbines ngokuvamile angahlukaniswa abe izigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngesimiso sokusebenza: uhlobo lwe-pulse kanye nohlobo lokusabela. Uhlobo lwe-impulse ukuthi uketshezi ludubula ku-turbine blade ngesivinini esikhulu ngemibhobho eminingi, bese lushayela ijeneretha ukukhiqiza amandla. Uhlobo lokusabela ludlula i-turbine blade oketshezini, futhi lisebenzisa umfutho wezinga lamanzi ukushayela ijeneretha ukuze ikhiqize amandla. Kulo mklamo, ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi indle ehlanziwe inganikeza ukucindezela kwamanzi okuphansi lapho igeleza, i-Kaplan turbine, enye yezinhlobo zokusabela ezifanele kakhulu, ikhethiwe, ngoba le turbine inokusebenza kahle okuphezulu ekucindezelweni kwamanzi aphansi futhi incane kakhulu, efanelekile kakhulu endaweni elinganiselwe esizeni.
Mayelana nejeneretha, ijeneretha kazibuthe evumelanayo unomphela eshayelwa isivinini esingaguquki se-hydraulic turbine ikhethiwe. Le generator ingakwazi ukukhipha amandla kagesi azinzile kanye nemvamisa kunejeneretha engavumelanisi, ngakho ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphakelwa kwamandla, yenza igridi ehambisanayo ibe lula, futhi idinga ukulungiswa okuncane.
4 Izici Zokwakha Nokusebenza
4.1 Ukuhlelwa ngokuhambisana kwegridi
Ukuxhunywa kwegridi kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana nemihlahlandlela yezobuchwepheshe yokuxhuma igridi ekhishwe inkampani kagesi kanye noMnyango Wezinkonzo Zezogesi Nezomshini woHulumeni Wesifunda Sokuphatha Esikhethekile sase-Hong Kong. Ngokweziqondiso, uhlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi avuselelekayo kumele lufakwe umsebenzi wokuvikela amandla e-anti Islanding, ongahlukanisa ngokuzenzakalelayo uhlelo olufanele lokukhiqiza amandla avuselelekayo ohlelweni lokusabalalisa lapho igridi kagesi iyeka ukunikeza amandla nganoma yisiphi isizathu, ukuze uhlelo lokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo lungakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuhlinzeka amandla ohlelweni lokusabalalisa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bonjiniyela kagesi abasebenza kugridi noma ohlelweni lokusabalalisa.
Mayelana nokusebenza okuhambisanayo kokuphakelwa kukagesi, uhlelo lokuphehla amandla avuselelekayo nohlelo lokusabalalisa lungavunyelaniswa kuphela uma amandla kagesi, i-engeli yesigaba noma umehluko wefrequency kulawulwa ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo eyamukelekayo.
4.2 Ukulawula nokuvikela
Uhlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine lungalawulwa ngemodi ezenzakalelayo noma yezandla. Kwimodi ezenzakalelayo, izigxobo zethangi le-sedimentation 47/49 # noma 51/53 # zingasetshenziswa njengomthombo wamandla we-hydraulic, futhi uhlelo lokulawula luzoqala ama-valve okulawula ahlukene ngokuya ngedatha ezenzakalelayo ukuze kukhethwe ithangi le-sedimentation elifanele kakhulu, ukuze kwandiswe amandla okukhiqiza amandla e-hydraulic turbine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-valve yokulawula izolungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokukhucululwa kwendle ukuze ithangi le-sedimentation lingeke lichichime indle ehlanzekile, ngaleyo ndlela ikhulise ukuphehlwa kwamandla kuya ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu. Isistimu ye-turbine generator ingalawulwa egumbini lokulawula elikhulu noma esizeni.
Mayelana nokuvikela nokulawula, uma ibhokisi lokuphakela amandla noma i-valve yokulawula yesistimu ye-turbine yehluleka noma izinga lamanzi lingaphezu kwezinga eliphezulu elivumelekile lamanzi, uhlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine nalo luzomisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza futhi lukhiphe indle ehlanziwe ngepayipi elidlulayo, ukuze kuvinjwe ithangi le-sedimentation elikhuphukayo ekuchichimeni indle ehlanziwe ngenxa yokwehluleka kwesistimu.
5 Ukusebenza kokusebenza kohlelo
Lolu hlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine lwaqala ukusebenza ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2018, nesilinganiso esiphuma nyanga zonke esingaphezu kuka-10000 kW · h. Umfutho wamanzi osebenzayo ongashayela uhlelo lokuphehla amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine nawo uyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokugeleza okuphezulu nokuphansi kwendle eqoqwe futhi ihlanzwe isikhungo sokuhlanza indle nsuku zonke. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla akhiqizwa uhlelo lwe-turbine, uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokudonsa amanzi uklame uhlelo lokulawula ukuze ulungise ngokuzenzakalelayo i-torque yokusebenza kwe-turbine ngokusho kokugeleza kwendle nsuku zonke, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza amandla. Umfanekiso wesi-7 ukhombisa ubudlelwano phakathi kwesistimu yokuphehla amandla nokugeleza kwamanzi. Uma ukugeleza kwamanzi kudlula izinga elibekiwe, uhlelo luzosebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ukukhiqiza ugesi.
6 Izinselele Nezixazululo
UMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi uhlangabezane nezinselelo eziningi ekwenzeni amaphrojekthi afanele, futhi wenze izinhlelo ezihambisanayo zokubhekana nalezi zinselele,
7 Isiphetho
Naphezu kwezinselele ezihlukahlukene, le sethi yokukhiqiza amandla kagesi we-hydraulic turbine yafakwa ngempumelelo ekupheleni kuka-2018. Isilinganiso samandla okukhipha amandla enyanga yesistimu singaphezu kuka-10000 kW · h, okulingana nesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanyanga zonke kwemizi engaba ngu-25 yaseHong Kong (isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwanyanga zonke kwendlu ngayinye yaseHong Kong ngo-2018 · 2018). UMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi uzibophezele “ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zokuhlanza indle namanzi emvula ezisezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esimeme yaseHong Kong”, kuyilapho ukhuthaza ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye namaphrojekthi okushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla avuselelekayo, uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi usebenzisa i-biogas, amandla elanga kanye namandla aphuma ekugelezeni kwendle ehlanzekile ukuze kuphehle amandla avuselelekayo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, isilinganiso sonyaka samandla avuselelekayo akhiqizwa uMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwamanzi silinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-27 kW · h, esingahlangabezana nezidingo zamandla alinganiselwa ku-9% woMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle. UMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokuthuthwa Kwendle uzoqhubeka nemizamo yawo yokuqinisa nokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-22-2022
