Hlanza i-turbine yamanzi ngamandla angaba namandla noma amandla e-kinetic, bese i-turbine yamanzi iqala ukujikeleza. Uma sixhuma i-generator ku-turbine yamanzi, i-generator ingaqala ukukhiqiza ugesi. Uma siphakamisa izinga lamanzi ukuze sishaye i-turbine, isivinini se-turbine sizokhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, uma umkhulu umehluko wezinga lamanzi, amandla e-kinetic atholwe i-turbine eba mkhulu, futhi ayanda amandla kagesi aguqukayo. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo samandla kagesi.
Inqubo yokuguqula amandla ithi: amandla adonsela phansi anamandla adonsela phansi emanzini akhuphuka nomfula aguqulwa abe amandla e-kinetic okugeleza kwamanzi. Lapho amanzi egeleza ku-turbine, amandla e-kinetic adluliselwa ku-turbine, futhi i-turbine ishayela i-generator ukuze iguqule amandla e-kinetic abe amandla kagesi. Ngakho-ke, kuyinqubo yokuguqula amandla emishini abe amandla kagesi.
Ngenxa yezimo zemvelo ezehlukene zeziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, amandla kanye nesivinini samayunithi aphehla ugesi we-hydro kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, amajeneretha amancane e-hydro kanye namajeneretha e-hydro anesivinini esiphezulu aqhutshwa izinjini zomoya ngokuvamile amukela izakhiwo ezivundlile, kuyilapho amajeneretha esivinini amakhulu namaphakathi ngokuvamile asebenzisa izakhiwo ezime mpo. Njengoba iziteshi eziningi zikagesi eziphehla ugesi zikude namadolobha, ngokuvamile zidinga ukunikeza amandla emithwalweni ngezintambo ezinde zokudlulisela, ngakho-ke, uhlelo lwamandla lubeka phambili izidingo eziphakeme zokuzinza kokusebenza kwama-generator aphehla ugesi: imingcele yezimoto idinga ukukhethwa ngokucophelela; Izidingo zomzuzu we-inertia ye-rotor zinkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukubukeka kwe-hydro generator kuhlukile kulokho kwejeneretha ye-steam turbine. Ububanzi bayo be-rotor bukhulu futhi ubude bayo bufushane. Isikhathi esidingekayo sokuqalisa kanye nokuxhunywa kwegridi yamayunithi akhiqiza i-hydro sifushane, futhi ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi kuyavumelana nezimo. Ngaphezu kokuphehla ugesi okuvamile, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile amayunithi okushefa okuphezulu kanye namayunithi okulinda izimo eziphuthumayo. Umthamo omkhulu wamayunithi akhiqiza i-turbine yamanzi usufinyelele ku-700000 kilowatts.
Ngokuqondene nomgomo wejeneretha, i-physics yesikole samabanga aphezulu icace kakhulu, futhi isimiso sayo sokusebenza sisekelwe emthethweni wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic kanye nomthetho wamandla kazibuthe kagesi. Ngakho-ke, umgomo ojwayelekile wokwakhiwa kwayo ukusebenzisa i-conductivity kazibuthe efanele kanye nezinto ezisebenzayo ukuze kwakhiwe isekethe kazibuthe kanye nesekhethi yokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic ehlangene ukuze kukhiqizwe amandla kazibuthe kagesi futhi kuzuzwe inhloso yokuguqulwa kwamandla.
Ijeneretha ye-turbine yamanzi iqhutshwa yi-turbine yamanzi. I-rotor yayo ifushane futhi iwugqinsi, isikhathi esidingekayo sokuqalisa kweyunithi nokuxhumeka kwegridi sifushane, futhi ukuthunyelwa komsebenzi kuyavumelana nezimo. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ugesi okuvamile, ifaneleka ngokukhethekile iyunithi yokushefa okuphezulu kanye neyunithi yokulinda izimo eziphuthumayo. Umthamo omkhulu wamayunithi akhiqiza i-turbine yamanzi usufinyelele ku-800000 kilowatts.
Ijeneretha kadizili ishayelwa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Iyashesha ukuqala futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza amandla ziphezulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu njengamandla ayisipele esiphuthumayo, noma ezindaweni lapho igridi enkulu yamandla ingafinyeleli khona kanye neziteshi zikagesi ezihambayo. Umthamo uhluka kusuka kuma-kilowatts amaningana kuya kuma-kilowatts amaningana. I-torque ephuma kushafti yenjini ye-diesel ingaphansi kokushaywa ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho-ke izingozi ze-resonance ne-shaft breakage kufanele zigwenywe.
Isivinini se-hydro generator sizonquma imvamisa yamanje eshintshanayo ekhiqizwayo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwalesi mvamisa, ijubane le-rotor kufanele lizinze. Ukuze uzinzise isivinini, isivinini se-prime mover (i-turbine yamanzi) singalawulwa kumodi yokulawula i-loop evaliwe. Isignali yefrikhwensi yamandla e-AC azothunyelwa isampula futhi ibuyiselwe kusistimu yokulawula elawula i-engeli yokuvula neyokuvala ye-vane eyigayidi ye-turbine yamanzi ukuze kulawulwe amandla okukhipha e-turbine yamanzi. Ngomgomo wokulawula impendulo, isivinini se-generator singazinziswa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-08-2022
