I-Penstock ibhekisela kuphayiphi elidlulisela amanzi ku-hydraulic turbine lisuka endaweni yokugcina amanzi noma esakhiweni sokulinganisa isiteshi sikagesi (i-forebay noma i-surge chamber). Liyingxenye ebalulekile yesiteshi sikagesi, ebonakala ngokuthambeka okukhulu, ingcindezi enkulu yamanzi yangaphakathi, eduze nendlu kagesi, futhi lithwala ingcindezi ye-hydrodynamic yesando samanzi. Ngakho-ke, libizwa nangokuthi iphayiphi yomfutho ophezulu noma iphayiphi yamanzi yomfutho ophezulu.
Umsebenzi wepayipi lamanzi elinomfutho ukuthutha amandla amanzi. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-penstock ilingana “nomthambo” wesiteshi sikagesi wamanzi.
1, Uhlobo lwesakhiwo se-penstock
Ngokwezakhiwo ezahlukene, izinto zokwakha, ukwakheka kwamapayipi kanye nemidiya ezungezile, izinhlobo zesakhiwo se-penstocks zihlukile.
（1） Idamu elincane
1. Ipayipi elingcwatshwe edamini
Izigxobo ezingcwatshwe kukhonkolo yomzimba wedamu zibizwa ngokuthi amapayipi afakwe edamini. Amapayipi ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa. Amafomu okubeka ahlanganisa imiphini ethambekile, evundlile kanye neqondile
2. I-Penstock ngemuva kwedamu
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi agqitshwe edamini kuphazamisa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwedama, futhi kuthinta amandla edama. Ngakho-ke, ipayipi lensimbi lingahlelwa emthambekeni wedama ongezansi ngemva kokudlula emzimbeni wedama ongaphezulu ukuze libe yipayipi elingemuva ledama.
（2） I-penstock engaphezulu
I-penstock yendlu yamandla yomhlabathi yohlobo lokuphambukisa ivame ukufakwa emoyeni ovulekile eceleni komugqa womthambeka wentaba ukuze kwakheke i-penstock yomhlabathi, ebizwa ngokuthi ipayipi elivulekile noma i-penstock evulekile.
Ngokwezinto ezahlukene zamapayipi, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
1. Ipayipi lensimbi
2. Ipayipi likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe
（3） Indlu encane engaphansi komhlaba
Uma izimo zesimo sendawo kanye nezejiyoloji zingafaneleki ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi avulekile noma isiteshi sikagesi sihlelwe ngaphansi komhlaba, i-penstock ivame ukuhlelwa ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze ibe yi-penstock engaphansi komhlaba. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-penstock angaphansi komhlaba: ipayipi elimboziwe kanye nepayipi eligcwaliswe emuva.
2, Imodi yokunikezwa kwamanzi kusukela ku-penstock kuya ku-turbine
1. Ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuhlukile: i-penstock eyodwa inikeza amanzi kuyunithi eyodwa kuphela, okungukuthi, ukunikezwa kwamanzi kweyunithi eyodwa yepayipi elilodwa.
2. Ukuphakelwa kwamanzi okuhlanganisiwe: ipayipi eliyinhloko liphakela amanzi kuzo zonke izingxenye zesiteshi sikagesi ngemva kokuba ingxenye yokugcina ihlukana kabili.
3. Ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuhlanganisiwe
Ipayipi ngalinye eliyinhloko lizohlinzeka ngamanzi kumayunithi amabili noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokuhlukaniswa ekugcineni, okungukuthi, amapayipi amaningi namayunithi amaningi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwamukelwa ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuhlangene noma ukunikezwa kwamanzi kweqembu, inani lamayunithi axhunywe epayipini ngalinye lamanzi akufanele lidlule ku-4.
3. Imodi yokungena kwamanzi ye-penstock engena endlini kagesi wamanzi
I-axis ye-penstock kanye nesiqondiso esihlobene sesitshalo kungahlelwa ngendlela enhle, ehlangothini noma eqondile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-17-2022
