I-Penstock ibhekisela epayipini elidlulisela amanzi ku- turbine ye-hydraulic esuka ku-reservoir noma isakhiwo sokulinganisa isiteshi samanzi (i-forebay noma i-surge chamber). Iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiteshi sikagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, esibonakala ngomqansa, umfutho wamanzi omkhulu wangaphakathi, eduze kwendlu kagesi, futhi inomfutho we-hydrodynamic wesando samanzi. Ngakho-ke, kubizwa nangokuthi ipayipi lomfutho ophezulu noma ipayipi lamanzi elicindezelayo.
Umsebenzi wepayipi lamanzi anomfutho ukuthutha amandla amanzi. Kungashiwo ukuthi i-penstock ilingana "nomshini" wesiteshi samandla kagesi.
1. Uhlobo lwesakhiwo se-penstock
Ngokusho kwezakhiwo ezahlukene, izinto zokwakha, ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi kanye nemidiya ezungezile, izinhlobo zesakhiwo se-penstocks zihlukile.
(1) Isitokwe sedamu
1. Ipayipi eligqitshiwe edamini
Ama-penstocks agqitshwe kusimende womzimba wedamu abizwa ngokuthi amapayipi agxiliwe edamini. Amapayipi ensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa. Amafomu esakhiwo ahlanganisa ama-shaft athambekile, avundlile naqondile
2. I-Penstock ngemuva kwedamu
Ukufakwa kwamapayipi agqitshiwe edamini kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwedamu, futhi kuthinta amandla edamu. Ngakho-ke, ipayipi lensimbi lingahlelwa emthambekeni wedamu elingezansi komfula ngemva kokudlula emzimbeni wedamu ongenhla ukuze libe ipayipi elingemuva kwedamu.
(2) I-Surface penstock
I-penstock ye-diversion type ground powerhouse ivamise ukubekwa endaweni evulekile eduze komugqa owummango wentaba ukuze kwakheke i-ground penstock, ebizwa ngokuthi ipayipi elivulekile noma i-penstock evulekile.
Ngokwezinto ezihlukahlukene zamapayipi, ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
1. Ipayipi lensimbi
2. Ipayipi likakhonkolo eliqinisiwe
(3) Isitoko esingaphansi komhlaba
Uma izimo zezwe kanye ne-geological zingakufanelanga ukuhlelwa kwamapayipi avulekile noma isiteshi sikagesi sihlelwa ngaphansi komhlaba, i-penstock ivame ukuhlelwa ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze ibe yi-penstock engaphansi komhlaba. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-penstocks angaphansi komhlaba: ipayipi eligqitshiwe kanye nepayipi eligcwaliswe ngemuva.
2, Imodi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi kusuka ku-penstock kuya ku-turbine
1. Ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuhlukene: isitokwe esisodwa sepeni sinikeza amanzi endaweni eyodwa kuphela, okungukuthi, ipayipi elilodwa iyunithi yokuphakela amanzi.
2. Ukunikezwa kwamanzi okuhlanganisiwe: ipayipi elikhulu liphakela amanzi kuwo wonke amayunithi esiteshi sikagesi ngemva kokuhlukana kabili kokuphela.
3. Ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngamaqembu
Ipayipi ngalinye elikhulu lizohlinzeka ngamanzi kumayunithi amabili noma ngaphezulu ngemva kokuhlanganisa amagatsha ekugcineni, okungukuthi, amapayipi amaningi namayunithi amaningi.
Noma ngabe ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngokuhlanganyela noma ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngamaqembu kuyamukelwa, inani lamayunithi axhunywe kwipayipi ngalinye lamanzi akufanele lidlule ku-4.
3, Imodi yokungena kwamanzi ye-penstock engena endlini yokuphehla ugesi
I-axis ye-penstock kanye nesiqondiso esihlobene nesitshalo singahlelwa ngendlela enhle, ehlangothini noma e-oblique.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-17-2022
