I-turbine yamanzi ingumshini wamandla oguqula amandla okugeleza kwamanzi abe amandla emishini ejikelezayo. Ingeyomshini we-turbine wemishini yoketshezi. Kusukela ngo-100 BC, kwavela isisekelo se-turbine yamanzi - i-turbine yamanzi eShayina, eyayisetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa ukuchelela nokushayela imishini yokucubungula okusanhlamvu. Ama-turbine amaningi amanzi esimanje afakwa eziteshini zamandla kagesi ukuze ashayele ama-generator ukuze akhiqize ugesi. Esiteshini samandla kagesi, amanzi asechibini elingaphezulu komfula aholelwa ku-turbine ye-hydraulic ngepayipi lomjaho wekhanda ukuze ashayele i-turbine runner ukuze ijikeleze futhi ashayele i-generator ukuze ikhiqize ugesi. Amanzi aqediwe akhishwa aye phansi ngepayipi lomjaho wezinyawo. Lapho ikhanda lamanzi liphakama futhi ukukhishwa kukhulu, kulapho amandla okukhipha e-turbine ye-hydraulic eba makhulu khona.
Iyunithi ye-turbine eshubhu esiteshini sikagesi wamanzi inenkinga ye-cavitation ekamelweni lokugijima le-turbine, eyakha kakhulu i-cavitation enobubanzi obungu-200mm kanye nokujula okungu-1-6mm ekamelweni lokugijima endaweni yokungena nangaphandle kwamanzi ye-blade efanayo, okubonisa amabhande e-cavitation kuyo yonke indawo. Ikakhulukazi, i-cavitation engxenyeni engenhla yegumbi lokugijima igqame kakhulu, ngokujula okungu-10-20mm. Izimbangela ze-cavitation ekamelweni lokugijima le-turbine zihlaziywa kanje:
I-runner kanye ne-blade yesiteshi sikagesi samanzi zenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, kanti izinto eziyinhloko zegumbi lokugijima yi-Q235. Ukuqina kwayo kanye nokumelana kwayo ne-cavitation kuphansi. Ngenxa yomthamo wokugcina amanzi olinganiselwe we-reservoir, i-reservoir ibilokhu isebenza ekhanda lokuklama eliphakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside, futhi inani elikhulu lama-bubbles e-steam livela emanzini angemuva. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, amanzi ageleza ku-hydraulic turbine endaweni lapho ingcindezi iphansi khona kunengcindezi yokuhwamuka. Amanzi adlula esikhaleni se-blade ayahwamuka futhi abilise ukuze akhiqize ama-bubbles e-steam, akhiqize ingcindezi yendawo, abangele umthelela oqhubekayo engcindezini yensimbi kanye ne-hammer yamanzi, abangele imithwalo ephindaphindayo yomthelela ebusweni bensimbi, abangele umonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-cavitation yekristalu yensimbi iyawa. I-cavitation yenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe ekamelweni lokugijima endaweni yokungena kanye neyokuphuma ye-blade efanayo. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kokusebenza kwekhanda lamanzi eliphakeme kakhulu isikhathi eside, i-cavitation yenzeka kancane kancane futhi iyaqhubeka nokujula.
Sihlose inkinga yokufakwa kwe-cavitation ekamelweni le-turbine runner, isiteshi sikagesi samanzi salungiswa ngokushisela ukulungisa ekuqaleni, kodwa inkinga enkulu yokufakwa kwe-cavitation yaphinde yatholakala ekamelweni le-runner ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kamuva. Kulokhu, umuntu ophethe ibhizinisi waxhumana nathi futhi wayenethemba lokuthi singasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yokufakwa kwe-cavitation ekamelweni le-turbine runner. Onjiniyela bethu bathuthukise uhlelo lokulungisa oluqondiwe olusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okuningiliziwe kwemishini yebhizinisi. Ngenkathi siqinisekisa usayizi wokulungisa, sikhethe izinto ze-carbon nano polymer ngokuya ngendawo yokusebenza yemishini ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokusebenza zesikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza endaweni. Izinyathelo zokulungisa endaweni yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Yenza ukwelashwa kokususa amafutha ebusweni bezingxenye ze-cavitation zegumbi lokugijima le-turbine;
2. Ukususwa kokugqwala ngokuqhuma kwesihlabathi;
3. Hlanganisa izinto ze-Sorecun nano polymer bese uzisebenzisa engxenyeni ezolungiswa;
4. Qinisa izinto bese uhlola indawo yokulungisa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-14-2022
