Iyini i-turbine yamanzi? Iyini isakhiwo se-turbine?

I-turbine ibhekisela kudivayisi yokudlulisa amandla kagesi eguqula umphumela wokushisa wokugeleza kwamanzi ube amandla e-kinetic ajikelezayo. Isihluthulelo sisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi e-hydro ukushayela ama-turbine omoya ukuze akhiqize amandla kagesi kagesi, okuyimishini ebalulekile ye-electromechanical yezitshalo zamandla kagesi e-hydro. Ngokusho komgomo wayo, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-impact turbine kanye ne-impact turbine. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-hydro turbine? Iyini isakhiwo se-hydro turbine?

Iyini i-turbine yamanzi?
I-turbine yamanzi yavela esondweni lamanzi noma emotweni yokushushumbisa ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngo-1827, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseFrance u-B. Fourneron wenza i-turbine yokushaya enamandla amahhashi ayi-6. Ngo-1849, yathuthukiswa uhlelo lokuklama lonjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseMelika u-JB Francis ukuze kukhiqizwe i-turbine yesimanje kaFrancis, ngakho-ke ibizwa ngokuthi i-turbine kaFrancis. I-turbine yokushaya yavela ngo-1850. Ngo-1880, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseMelika u-LA Pelton wathola ilungelo lobunikazi le-turbine yokushaya uhlobo lwebhakede, ebizwa ngokuthi i-turbine kaPelton. Ngokuthuthuka kokuthuthukiswa nokuklama amaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi, izinhlobo, izici kanye nezakhiwo zama-turbine e-hydraulic ziya ngokuya ziphelela. Ngo-1912, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe wase-Austria u-V. Kaplan waklama i-turbine yokuqala ye-rotary propeller axial fan, ngakho-ke yabizwa ngokuthi i-turbine kaKaplan. Ngawo-1940 kanye nawo-1950, ama-turbine e-axial-flow kanye ne-oblique-flow avela ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa kwama-hydraulic turbines kwakuyi-centrifugal pump turbines, ezazisetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla zokugcina amanzi ezipompiwe. Izinhlobo zama-turbines zingahlanganiswa nemigomo nemithethonqubo ehlukene yezinhloko zamanzi ezahlukene ekuthuthukisweni nasekuklanyweni kwamaphrojekthi kagesi wamanzi. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu baseShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kokukhiqizwa nokukhiqiza kwama-turbine aseShayina kwaqedwa ngokushesha. Kunezindawo zokukhiqiza ama-turbine ezingaphezu kuka-20, ezikhiqize izikhali zama-turbine ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 kW nemishini yezitshalo zamandla wamanzi ezweni lonke, futhi zathunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokwezici zokudluliselwa kokushisa, ama-hydro turbine ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi uhlobo lokuhlasela oluphikisanayo nohlobo lomthelela. Futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-turbine luhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokwezici zokugeleza kwamanzi endaweni yomgodi ojikelezayo kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo somgodi ojikelezayo.

Iyini isakhiwo se-turbine?
I-hydraulic turbine iyi-hydraulic turbine yemishini yokukhiqiza amandla e-hydraulic. I-hydraulic turbine kanye ne-wind turbine, i-speed regulating motor, i-excitation regulator system kanye ne-power station control system kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisekelayo, ezakha umzimba oyinhloko wesiteshi sikagesi.
I-turbine yamanzi ithuthukiswa futhi ikhiqizwe ngokuya ngokugeleza kwedatha kanye nosayizi wekhanda lamanzi. Umsebenzi wayo ukuguqula amanzi abe amandla omshini nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kwama-turbine omoya. I-turbine ngokwayo yakhiwe yi-turbine shaft, indandatho yesihlalo se-turbine, i-turbine volute kanye ne-turbine main shaft bearing. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngezincazelo, imishini eyengeziwe kanye nezingxenye nazo ziyafakwa. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-turbine zinezakhiwo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza.