Iyini i-turbine yamanzi? Siyini isakhiwo se-turbine?

I-Turbine ibhekisela kudivayisi yokudlulisa ugesi ngamanzi eguqula umphumela oshisayo wokugeleza kwamanzi ube amandla ajikelezayo ekinetic. Ukhiye usetshenziswa ezimbonini eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi ukushayela izinjini zomoya ukuze zikhiqize amandla kazibuthe kagesi, okuwumshini obalulekile wemishini kagesi yezitshalo eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi. Ngokomgomo wayo, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-turbine yomthelela kanye ne- impact turbine. Ake sibheke ukuthi iyini i-hydro turbine? Siyini isakhiwo se-hydro turbine?

Iyini i-turbine yamanzi?
I-turbine yamanzi ivele esondo lamanzi noma imoto eshushumbisayo ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngo-1827, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseFrance u-B. Fourneron wenza i-6-horsepower impact turbine. Ngo-1849, yathuthukiswa uhlelo lokuklama lukanjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseMelika u-JB Francis ukuze kukhiqizwe injini yomoya yesimanje kaFrancis, ngakho ibizwa nge-Francis turbine. I-turbine enethonya yenzeka ngo-1850. Ngo-1880, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe waseMelika u-LA Pelton wathola ilungelo lobunikazi le-turbine yohlobo lwebhakede, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Pelton turbine. Ngokuqhubeka kokuthuthukiswa kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaphrojekthi kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, izinhlobo, izici nezakhiwo zama-hydraulic turbines ziya ngokuya ziba zinhle kakhulu. Ngo-1912, unjiniyela wezobuchwepheshe wase-Austria u-V. Kaplan waklama i-rotary propeller axial fan turbine yokuqala, ngakho yabizwa ngokuthi i-Kaplan turbine. Ngawo-1940 kanye nawo-1950, izinjini zomoya zokugeleza kwe-axial kanye ne-oblique-flow zavela ngokulandelana. Ngasikhathi sinye, inkambiso yokuthuthuka yama-hydraulic turbines bekungama-centrifugal pump turbines, asetshenziswa ezitshalweni zamandla ezimpontshwa. Izinhlobo zama-turbines zingahlanganiswa ezinhlosweni nasezimisweni ezihlukene zamakhanda amanzi ahlukene ekuthuthukisweni nasekuklanyweni kwamaphrojekthi aphehlwa ngamanzi. Ngemva kokusungulwa kweRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseShayina, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zokukhiqiza nokukhiqiza izinjini zomoya zaseChina kwaqedwa ngokushesha. Kunezimboni ezingaphezu kuka-20 zokukhiqiza izinjini zomoya, ezikhiqize ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20 ze-kW zezikhali ze-turbine kanye nemishini yezitshalo eziphehla amandla ngamanzi ezweni lonke, futhi zathunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ngokwezici zokudluliswa kokushisa, ama-hydro turbines ahlukaniswe abe izigaba ezimbili, okungukuthi uhlobo lokuhlasela kanye nohlobo lomthelela. Futhi uhlobo ngalunye lwe-turbine luhlukaniswe ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ngokuvumelana nezici zokugeleza kwamanzi endaweni ye-shaft ejikelezayo kanye nohlobo lwesakhiwo se-shaft ejikelezayo.

Siyini isakhiwo se-turbine?
I-hydraulic turbine iyi-hydraulic turbine ye-hydraulic power generation mechanical equipment. I-hydraulic turbine kanye ne-wind turbine, i-motor elawula isivinini, isistimu yokulawula ukuvuthwa kanye nesistimu yokulawula isiteshi samandla asetshenziswa ezikhungweni ezisekelayo, ezakha indikimba enkulu yesiteshi sokuphehla ugesi.
I-turbine yamanzi ithuthukiswa futhi ikhiqizwa ngokuvumelana nokugeleza kwedatha kanye nosayizi wekhanda lamanzi. Umsebenzi wawo ukuguqula amanzi abe amandla emishini kanye nokukhuthaza ukuphehlwa kwamandla kwama turbines omoya. I-turbine ngokwayo iqukethe i-turbine shaft, iringi yesihlalo sika-turbine, i-volute ye-turbine kanye ne-turbine shaft enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye ngokucaciswa, imishini eyengeziwe kanye nezingxenye nazo zifakiwe. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamaturbine zinezakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo.