Ukuphehlwa kwamandla kagesi ngezinga elincane (okubizwa ngokuthi ugesi omncane wamanzi) akunayo incazelo engaguquki kanye nokuklanywa kwebanga lamandla emazweni emhlabeni jikelele. Ngisho nasezweni elifanayo, ngezikhathi ezihlukene, izindinganiso azifani. Ngokujwayelekile, ngokwamandla afakiwe, amandla kagesi amancane angahlukaniswa ngamamaki amathathu: amancane, amancane namancane. Amanye amazwe anebanga elilodwa kuphela, kanti amanye ahlukaniswe abe amabanga amabili ahluke kakhulu. Ngokwemithetho yamanje yezwe lami, lawo amandla afakiwe angaphansi kuka-25,000 kW abizwa ngokuthi iziteshi ezincane zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi; lezo ezinamandla afakiwe angekho ngaphansi kuka-25,000 kW nangaphansi kuka-250,000 kW ziyiziteshi eziphehla ugesi ezinosayizi omaphakathi; lezo ezinamandla afakiwe angaphezu kuka-250,000 kW ziyiziteshi ezinkulu zokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuphehlwa kukagesi obusezingeni elincane Ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula amandla e-kinetic emanzini abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla kuyinqubo esungulwe kahle futhi isetshenziswe kahle amakhulu eminyaka ukukhiqiza ugesi. Ngakho-ke, isiphenduke enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokukhiqiza ugesi emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni angathuthukile e-Afrika, e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika. Ubuchwepheshe buqale ngezinga elincane futhi busebenzela imiphakathi eminingana eduze namajeneretha, kodwa njengoba ulwazi lwanda, buye benza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla amakhulu kanye nokudluliswa kwebanga elide. Amajeneretha amakhulu aphehla ugesi ngamanzi asebenzisa amadamu amakhulu adinga ukwakhiwa kwamadamu akhethekile ukuze kulawulwe ukugeleza kwamanzi, okuvame ukudinga ukusetshenziswa komhlaba omkhulu ngale njongo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuye kwaba nokukhathazeka okwandayo ngomthelela wentuthuko enjalo endaweni ezungezile nasezimisweni zemvelo. Lokhu kukhathazeka, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokudlulisa, kudonsele inzalo emuva ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kagesi amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi. Ekuqaleni, ezigabeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kwakungeyona inhloso yayo eyinhloko. Amandla kagesi asetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza umsebenzi wemishini ukuze kufezwe imisebenzi ehlosiwe njengokupompa amanzi (kokubili ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi asekhaya kanye nokuchelela), ukugaya okusanhlamvu kanye nokusebenza kwemishini kwemisebenzi yezimboni.
Izitshalo ezinkulu ezisebenza ngamanzi endaweni eyodwa zibonakalise ukuthi ziyabiza futhi zilimaza imvelo, ziphazamise ibhalansi ye-ecosystem. Okuhlangenwe nakho kusitshela ukuthi ziwumthombo wokugcina wezindleko eziphezulu zokudlulisela kanye nomphumela wokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kukagesi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayikho imifula eMpumalanga Afrika engasekela ngokuqhubekayo futhi kancane kancane imishini enjalo, kodwa kuneminye imifula emincane engasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ugesi omncane. Lezi zinsiza kufanele zisetshenziswe ngendlela efanele ukuhlinzeka ugesi emizini ehlakazekile yasemakhaya. Ngaphandle kwemifula, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuthola ugesi emithonjeni yamanzi. Isibonelo, amandla ashisayo emanzini olwandle, amandla olwandle, amandla amagagasi kanye namandla e-geothermal konke kuyimithombo yamandla asekelwe emanzini engasetshenziswa. Ngaphandle kwamandla e- geothermal namandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwayo yonke eminye imithombo yamandla ehlobene namanzi akubanga nomthelela omkhulu ohlelweni lokuphakelwa kukagesi emhlabeni wonke. Ngisho nogesi ophehlwa ngamanzi, obunye bobuchwepheshe obudala bokuphehlwa kukagesi obuthuthukiswe kahle futhi obusetshenziswa ngezinga elikhulu namuhla, benza cishe u-3% kuphela wengqikithi yokuphehlwa kukagesi emhlabeni. Amandla kagesi ophehlwa ngamanzi njengomthombo wamandla aphezulu e-Afrika kunaseMpumalanga Yurophu futhi aqhathaniswa nawaseNyakatho Melika. Kodwa ngeshwa, nakuba izwekazi lase-Afrika lihola umhlaba wonke ngamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi angakasetshenziswa, izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi azikawutholi ugesi. Umgomo wokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi ubandakanya ukuguqula amandla angaba khona aqukethwe emanzini echibini abe amandla e-kinetic angawa mahhala ukuze enze umsebenzi wemishini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinto ezigcina amanzi kumele zibe ngaphezu kwendawo yokuguqula amandla (njengejeneretha). Inani kanye nesiqondiso sokugeleza kwamanzi mahhala kulawulwa ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa amapayipi amanzi, aqondisa ukugeleza kwamanzi lapho inqubo yokuguqulwa kwenzeka khona, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqize ugesi. 1
Iqhaza nokubaluleka kwamandla kagesi amancane Imboni kagesi iyimboni ehamba phambili emnothweni wezwe. Amandla nawo awudaba olucindezelayo ezweni lakithi namuhla. Ukufakwa kukagesi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni kuyisici esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo ngendlela yesimanje, kanti imithombo emincane yesizwe yokuphehlwa ngamanzi iwumthombo omuhle wamandla ukuze kuhlinzekwe ugesi wasemaphandleni. Kule minyaka edlule, ngokwesekwa yizinga lombuso kanye nelendawo, kuye kwahlanganiswa amandla ahlukahlukene, ukuphathwa kwamanzi kanye nokuphehlwa kukagesi kuye kwahlanganiswa eduze, kanti ibhizinisi elincane lokuphehla ugesi ngamanzi lizuze intuthuko enamandla. Imithombo yamandla kagesi emincane yezwe lami inothile impela. Ngokocwaningo lwezinsiza zikagesi wamanzi wasezindaweni zasemakhaya (I0MW≤single station install capacity≤50MW) ehlelwe nguhulumeni, inani elingathuthukiswa lemithombo yamandla aphehlwa ngamanzi asemaphandleni ezweni lingama-kW ayizigidi eziyi-128, lapho inani elingathuthukiswa lemithombo yamandla amancane (ngaphezulu kwe-I0MW) liyabuyekezwa. Umthamo woMfula kanye nesiteshi esisodwa esingu-0.5MW≤ esifakiwe
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-15-2022
